424 Scientific Intelligence. 
species as their type; and pasate when the latter genus came, in the course of 
time, to be divided into two, it was incorrect to give the condemned name Mo- 
naulus to one of the Shae be The names (Edemia and Melanetta were originally 
synonyms; but their respective types were taken from different sections of the 
group, and consequentl ¥, on raising these two sections to genera, these names are 
retained for the groups. 
§ 3. There are other limitations of the law of priority, arising from 
violations of the rules of propriety in the introduction of names. They 
are as follows :— 
a. Names given to species or groups unaccompanied by published 
characteristic descriptions, should yield place to the earliest name ac- 
‘companying such descriptions. : 
It has been customary with some naturalists to give names to species in their 
cabinets, or in a published catalogue, and on this ground, to claim authority for 
such names. This should not be allowed. Neither is it sufficient that the de- 
scription appear in a public newspaper, or in a journal not generally known for its 
scientific va NE or in language so brief and indefinite that the. etn not 
Pe recognized by it 
~b. A name of a species already in use for another species of the 
same genus, should be changed : also, a generic name in Zoology, be- 
fore employed for a genus in that kingdom should be changed; and 
the same in the Vegetable kingdom. 
c. A name glaringly opposed in its signification to the essential char- 
acteristics of a species or group, and me to propagate important 
errors, may be changed. i 
Such terms as Monodon, Caprimulgus, Peat apoda, and Monoculus, have 
acquired sufficient currency no longer to cause error, and are therefore retained 
without inconvenience. Names derived from localities, where the peed are 
found to have wider limits, should still be retained. But when we find a Batra- 
chian reptile named in violation of its true affinities, Mast todonsaurus, OF when a 
name is derived from an accidental monstrosity, as in Picus semirostris of Lin- 
neus and Helix digjuncta of Turton, another name should he substituted. This 
privilege should be allowed only in extreme cases, 
d. When the name of a species is afterwards made the name of a 
genus to include that species, a new specific name should be given. 
. The generic name Pyrrhocorax was applied to the species called by Linneus, 
pyrrhocorac, It therefore became necessary to change the specific name, 
and alpinus was substituted. The practice of thus elevating specific names: to, 
bad one. See § ‘i 
il, LAWS. WITH REGARD TO ORTHOGRAPHY. 
§. 4. In writing systematic names, the rules of Latin. orthography 
nat adhered to ; except in words derived sss pore names, in 
which only the termination mene - ane ' 
ai: rl 
=a hen a cogs We shuld inn 
bee is 
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