{ 



H. 



4 



4* 



116 Scimitific Intelligence. 



m 



tremely penetrating ammoniacal odor and its causticity is comparable 

 with that of potash ; it changes vegetable colors from red to blue and 

 neutralizes acids as completely as ammonia; ignited it burns with a 

 yellowish flame. With water elhylamine is miscible in all proportions, 

 the solution strongly resembles the solution of methylamine in its 

 chemical properties; like a solution of caustic potash it readily dis- 

 solves alumina. Ethylamine is a stronger base than ammonia and dis- 

 places this from its saline combinations, if a large excess of a solution 

 of ethylamine be added to salammoniac, and the whole evaporated to 

 dryness, there remains only chlorohydrate of ethylamine. Chlorine, 

 bromine and iodine react with a solution of elhylamine yielding com- 

 pounds represented by the formulas C4H5CI2N, CiHaBrsN, CiHshN; 

 the chlorine compound is decomposed by caustic potash giving acetate 

 of polash, ammonia and chlorid of potassium, 



C4H5Cl2N+3K04-HO=:KO,C4H303-|-NH3+2KCK 



It does not possess basic properties and is probably NCl2(C4H5). Ethyl- 

 amine yields with prolochlorid of platinum compounds analogous to 

 those formed by methylamine. The author describes also ethyloxamid 

 and ethylacetamid. Amylamine prepared in the same manner as the 

 other two bases is a colorless highly fluid liquid : it boils at 95° and its 

 density at 18^ is 0'7503; it is highly caustic and possesses the odor of 

 ammonia and at the same lime of the amyl compounds; exposed to 

 the air it attracts carbonic acid and yields a crystalline carbonate ; with 

 water it is miscible in all proportions. The author describes only the 

 chlorohydrate, bromhydrate and amyloxamid. With regard to the 

 theory of the constitution of the new bases, Wurlz inclines to the view 

 of Hofmann, namely, that they are to be regarded as ammonia in 

 which an equivalent of hydrogen is replaced by an equivalent of methyl, 

 ethyl, or amyl ; we have therefore, 



Methylamine, • . . . NH2(C2H3) 

 Ethylamine, . .' . . NH2(C4H5) 



Amylamine, .... NH2(CioHii). 



Arm. de Chimie el de Physique, xxx, 443. 



7. Constitution and products of the decomposition of Code in. — An- 

 derson has presented an elaborate investigation of codein and its com- 

 pounds. Crystallized cJlein dried at 100"^ loses two equivalents of 



water and its formula is then CseHsiNOs, as first correctly determined 

 by Gerhardt; it is a powerful base, changes vegetable reds to blue, and 

 precipitates ihe oxyds of lead, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel and other 

 metals from their saline solutions. Polash precipitates codein from its 

 solutions but redissolves the precipitate when in great excess; ammo- 

 nia also precipitates it after a short time in small transparent crystals; 

 the author describes various salts all of which may be obtained crystal- 

 lized. Moderately strong sulphuric acid converts codein into an amor- 

 phous substance which possesses the same constitution as codein itself. 

 Nitric acid converts codein into a new base, nitrocodein,C36H2o(NO'i) 

 NOe, which is crystalline and yields several crystalline sahs: bromine 

 gives with codein two new bases, bromcodein and tribromcodein, rep- 

 resented by C3GH2oBrN06 and CseHisBraNOe ; chlorine yields 

 with codein a chlorinated base, CasHaoClNOs, A concentrated soUi- 



