368 /. Lawrence Smith on the Thermal Waters of Asia Minor. 



indicated by several Greek inscriptions, was probably, as now, 

 frequented by those coming from Constantinople and other cities 

 of the Propontide. 



After the fall of the Roman empire, these baths went to ruin, 

 and were almost forgotten ; nevertheless the reservoirs and aque- 

 ducts remain as in the time of the Lower Empire. It is only a 

 few years since an Armenian banker purchased the place and ^ 



constructed houses for the reception of the sick. 



These waters have at least nine sources. They flow from the 

 sides and bottom of a hill, rising through a sandy bottom accom- 

 panied with bubbles of gas, and differ but little in their tempera- 

 ture and composition. The character of the surrounding rocks 

 is not easily made out ; I am inclined to refer them, from my ob- 

 servations higher up the gulf, to the older tertiary. The waters 

 in their course leave not the slightest deposit, so that the ancient 

 aqueducts have never become obstructed. 



According to the accepted classification, the mineral waters of 

 Yalova belong to the hot siilphiiroiis waters. They have at their 

 source a very slight odor of sulphuretted hydrogen, but the quan- 



tity is so small, either in the water or the gas, that it could not be 



estimated. The temperature of the waters is from 15 F to 156^ 

 Fah., and varies but little with the changes of the atmospheric 

 temperature. The water is hmpid and transparent, and has the 

 specific gravity 1-00115. 



The gas which escapes at the source gave on analysis, 



Nitrogen, 

 Oxygen, 



97 per ct 

 3 



One litre of the water gave 1-461 grammes of solid matter. 

 — The same quantity of water contains in grammes, 



Sulphuric acid, , . -690 Magnesia, . . • '002 



Chlorine, . . . -086 Alumina, . . • i^^^t 



Soda, .... -393] Silica, . . . • '03^ 



Lime, .... -208 



Combined in the following manner: 

 Sulphate of soda, . . -807 1 Sulphate of magnesia 



. -005 



Sulphate of lime, . . -414 | Sulphate of alumina, . trace 

 Chlorid of sodium, . -072 Silica, .... '^^^ 

 Chlorid of calcium, . -068 



The composition of these waters resembles that of the Bath 

 waters of England, the latter however not being of so high a 

 temperature. They act powerfully on the nervous system and 

 on the secretions and excretions, particularly those of the skioi 

 which renders them so efficient in rheumatism, gout; ifcc. 



