*4 



370 J. Lawrence S^niih on the Thermal Waters of Asia Minor. 



dikeSj and incriists the grass and vegetation that it flows over, 

 and many of the tufts of grass, in perfect verdure, are thickly* 

 incrusted near the roots with this white carbonate of lime. 



The channels that conduct the water 



through 



the city are 



made by deposits from these waters ; many of them are very deep 

 and almost arched over. The incrustations in and about the city 

 have elevated the level of it some fifteen or twenty feet, since 

 its destruction. Strabo tells us, that in his day the people of this 

 city conducted these waters into their gardens or other places 

 where they desired to foinn a wall, and in a short time they ob- 

 tained fences of a single stone, so rapid was the deposition. The 

 road which leads from the plain to the city is a causeway which 

 is formed entirely from the water. 



Physical Properties, — The water is of remarkable transparency, 

 and remains so after being kept for any length of time. Having 

 lost my thermometer the day before arriving at this source, I was 



unable to ascertain its exact temperature. 

 130^ Fah. Specific gravity, 100143. 



I judged it to be about 



Chemical Properties, — Solid contents in one litre^ 1-934 



grammes. One litre contains in grammes : 



Carbonic acid, free, 

 Carbonic acid, fixed. 

 Sulphuric acid, 

 Chlorine^ 



Soda, . 



352 

 462 



541 

 012 

 182 



Potash, 

 Lime, . 

 Magnesia, 

 Silica, . 

 Phosphoric acid, 



trace 

 •5S9 

 •164 

 -008 

 •005 



The combination of acids and bases may be represented in the 



following manner. 



Bi-carbonate of soda, 

 Bi-carbonate of lime, 



■078 

 1-308 



Bi-carbonate of magnesia, -041 

 Chlorid of calcium, . -020 

 Sulphate of soda, . . -341 



Sulphate of lime, . 

 Sulphate of magnesia, 

 Phosphate of lime, 

 Silica, , 



119 

 431 

 012 

 008 



The incrustation of the spring was analyzed ; it is remarkably 

 white, and almost pure carbonate of lime. The composition is 

 as follows. 



Carbonate of lime. 

 Silica, , 



Magnesia, 



Phosphate of lime, 



Fluorid of calcium, 



98-2 

 00-6 



1-2=100'0 



At the present day these waters are not used, and the neigh- 

 boring country is quite deserted, with the exception of a misera- 

 ble village of some half dozen huts. In former times, however, 

 beside the use of this water for the baths, it was greatly in repute 



