86 On the Geographical Survey of New York. 
Germany, the labyrinth of geography, has throughout her 
petty principalities, exhibited a proficiency and refinement in the 
field and record work of Geodetic Surveys, a steady determina- 
tion in prosecuting them to the end, and acopiousness of scientifie 
resource every way honorable to herself and instructive to other 
nations. In Holland, Bavaria, Baden, Wirtemburg, Hesse Darm- 
stadt, Hanover and Brunswick, Topographical Surveys, based on 
systematic triangulations, are either made or in progress. Some 
of the magnates of modern science have liberally bestowed theit 
energies and abilities on these great works, giving them a mon- 
umental and ever-enduring character. 
Switzerland has thought it due.to herself and the world, that 
her stupendous Alps and peaceful lakes should be mirrored in 
a topographical picture. That land of scenic grandeur and pat- 
riotic struggle, by concurrent action of its Cantons, has, under 
General Dufour’s guidance, been busy gatherihg the drapery of 
her magnificence into a map miniature, of thorough accuracy and 
finish. We cannot wonder at any great achievement of a nation, 
so rich in intellect as of her superfluity to give us an Agassiz 
and a Guyot. é 
The sunny, vine-clad hills and fields of Italy have sent forth 
to the world a topographical likeness of their varied surface, 
such as to stimulate the imagination to a realization of her 
myriad homes of history and song. Carlini gave to the survey 
of Upper Italy, a high excellence, and the map of Piedmont 
may, perhaps, challenge the world in its finish of style. - 
A Prussian survey of the highest character is now in active 
progress, its publications being already much advanced. Its ge0- 
desy, under the illustrious Bessel, became a very model for such 
undertakings. . 
Austria, displaying a munificence which has long character 
ized her deportment towards scientific enterprises, has lavished — 
on the geographical illustration of her own territory, whatevel 
was necessary to the most complete results. The Institute of 
Vienna is a systematic contributor on a large scale to the world’s 
geographical resources. During the last year, it has, besi 
other important works, published a map of Italy, in 27 large 
sheets, on a scale of s¢pa55 
A government survey of Denmark has been progressing under 
the direction of the late lamented Schumacher, whose name is 4 
voucher for everything excellent in scientific operations. : 
The “Topographical Survey of Sweden,” to consist of 260 
sheets, is rapidly advancing, being zealously prosecuted in spite 
of climate rigors. The liberal scale of this work, when we coB- 
sider the restricted resources of the government conducting it, 19 
alike honorable to the national intelligence and patriotism. - The 
Swedish Admiralty charts bear additional testimony to that zeal 
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