On the Physical Geography of the Alps. 363 
of the glaciers,—1. dependent on fluctuations of temperature,— 
2. arising from accumulations of snow and the formation of mo- 
_ Yaines,—3. owing to the irregularity of the valley-bottoms, caus- 
ing irregular rates of progress in individual glaciers. ‘The Wast- 
ing of Glaciers is noticed in the seventh chapter (pp. 147-159), 
and the conclusions arrived at from researches on the distribution 
and quantity of the water, the terminal cavities of glaciers, the 
influence of superficial thawing, the measure of the waste, and 
the repair of the waste, are:—-]. the mass of ice becomes con- 
siderably diminished by thawing in the summer months; and the 
glacier-streams are fed in the winter by the continual supply from 
the gradual emptying of the canals and cavities in the ice :—2. 
the currents of air at the exits of the stream are the principal 
cause of the greater terminal cavities of the glaciers: their form- 
ation is favored by the presence of a second, contrary aperture :-— 
3. small bodies strewed singly over the surface favor the wasting 
away, but heaped up together in greater masses they hinder it, 
causing thereby a considerable increase of bulk in their neighbor- 
hood :—4, the yearly amount of waste is in a great part repaired 
d with its specific inclina- 
, arising from unequal 
ter on 
written by MM. Schlagintweit conjointly. Their method of de- 
for corresponding observations » 
are first noticed, and the authors i 
determinations are enumerated. 
the elaborate Table of Altitudes that succeeds. 
prises 191 determinations in topographical arrangement, from 
t 
which we extract some of the most important. 
Meters. Altitude. Paris feet. 
Namber of the Table. 
I. Northern limestone Alps. 
BP Ma LN ASUS A ces S167T > is 1597-0 
54. Lavatschjoch, .....s+esseee sere ee eeee ee 20844: “sa dais 6416'8 
Il. Central Alps. Tauern. 
70. “Firn-meer” of the Pasterze glacier on the 
Todtenlécher, .......-+228+ eee et? 885890 .eeeee 103402 
Johannishiitte (where MM, Schlagintweit re- 
sided some months), .-+.---++++320*" ACC 2.025 75811 
92. Heiligenblut, .........-:eeesee er se eset ee ae 4004-4 
$403; Salmshihe, ...v. oss. .s 05 sees bee ee eee Wiis ves 8222°8 
104, . Salmshiitte, ...ié.a+.eeecetserstrc tt’ 27208 ase 84036 
105. Firn-line on the Leitergletscher, ..++-++** ORIOL ch enws 8660°4 
= Wier? SP RACE Pete e 1871... e- 9813-1 
: RO ee 10432°3 
