378 A. Henfrey on the Higher Cryptogamous Plants. 
transport of their moraine-masses, but also by giving rise to an 
immense quantity of fine sand, which can usually be carried far 
away by the rivers:—and lastly, 12. That the loosening of great 
masses of rock by the weather and water cause vast land- and 
mountain-slips ; and the streams traversing the bottoms of the lon- 
gitudinal valleys, owing to these fan-shaped, wide-spread masses 
of rubbish, are subject to frequent and considerable variations in 
their course. 
In concluding this notice, we must mention that in the suc- 
ceeding chapters, forming the 3rd and 4th Divisions of the work, 
several points closely connected with geognosy occur; especially 
on the comparison of the isothermal lines of the air with those 
of the earth, in chap. xiii, and on the connection of vegetation 
T. RB. di 
with geological conditions, in chap. xxi. 
‘Arr. XXXVI.—On the Reproduction and supposed E'ristence 
of Sexual Organs in the Higher Cryptogamous Planis ; by 
=k Henrrey, F.L.S.* 
Havine been prevented by the pressure of other engagements 
tigations. I was the more induced to devote the short time at 
my disposal to drawing up a summary of the state of knowledge 
of the reproduction of the higher flowerless plants, by the import- 
ance of the discoveries which have recently been made in this 
department, tending completely to change the general views 
which have hitherto been entertained by most botanists as to the 
extent to which sexuality exists in the vegetable kingdom, and in 
connection with other new facts relating to the Thallophytes, to 
indicate that the existence of two sexes is universal. 
Under the name of the higher Flowerless Plants, I include all 
those classes which are distinguished on the one hand from the 
Thallophytes or Cellular plants by the presence of a distinct stem 
bearing leaves, and on the other from the Monocotyledons and 
Dicotyledons by the absence of the organs constituting a true 
flower ; they are, the Hepatic, Musci, Equisetacee, Filices, Ly- 
copodiacez, Isoétacexe, and Marsileaceze or Rhizocarpee. 
On no subject has more discussion been maintained than on the 
existence of sexes among the Cryptogamous families. The dis- 
’ * From the Report of the British Assoc. for the Adva t of Science for 1851. 
