22,4 Kuwana: The Chinese White-wax Scale 399 



glassy, and pale yellow, and is completely covered with the white 

 wax. 



The propupa, male.— Following the second molt the male 

 larva assumes the form of a partly developed pupa, called the 

 propupa. The form is oval, with the abdominal region broadest 

 and distinctly segmented (Plate 2, figs. 9, 10). Length, 2.11 

 millimeters; width, 1.10. The head and thorax are pale orange 

 yellow; the eyes are reddish orange. The posterior end of the 

 body is slightly darker. The antennae are short, reaching to the 

 base of the anterior legs, and the segmentation is indistinct. 

 Wing pads short, curving a little toward the underside of the 

 body, the apex reaching to the second abdominal segment. An- 

 terior legs very short, reaching to the suture between the thorax 

 and the head, while the two posterior pairs lie against the 

 abdomen. Mouth parts wanting. 



The pupa, male. — With the third molt the male becomes a true 

 pupa (Plate 2, figs. 11, 12), greatly resembling the adult male 

 except for the lack of the waxy anal filaments and the possession 

 of wing pads instead of wings. The general color is pale orange 

 with dark purple eye spots, the margins of these being indis- 

 tinct ; antennae, legs, and wing pads somewhat paler. Antennae 

 indistinctly 10- jointed and long, reaching to the base of the middle 

 pair of legs. The wing pads are appressed to the sides of the 

 body and extend posteriorly to the second abdominal segment. 

 Legs slender, the anterior pair extending beyond the head, and 

 the posterior pair to near the tip of the abdomen. Mouth parts 

 wanting. Length, 2.49 millimeters; width, 1.08. 



LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS 



About the end of August the insect is very conspicuous on 

 the branches of Fraxinus bungeana var. pubinervis growing 

 along the footpaths between the rice fields about Tokyo City; it is 

 particularly noticeable at this time because of the white waxy 

 mass formed by the males (Plate 2, fig. 13) . The fully matured 

 female is a large globular object (Plate 2, fig. 2) and firmly 

 attached to the branch, but its color is not striking. 



There is but one generation a year. The first female larvae 

 appear about June 15 from eggs laid some two months previously 

 beneath the mother, where they are hidden from view. The 

 eggs are elongate-oval and somewhat deeper in color than those 

 which produce males. Usually the young remain under the 

 protection of the parent scale for a few days after hatching. 

 The newly hatched young is soft and feeble, but becomes hard 



