22,4 Kuwana: The Chinese White-wax Scale 403 



supposed to possess medicinal properties. It is also employed 

 as a polish for furniture, etc. According to Wilson (19) the 

 annual output varies considerably, the industry being almost 

 entirely dependent upon climatic conditions. In poor seasons 

 50,000 piculs is an average crop, whereas in favorable years 

 more than double this quantity is produced. In spite of the 

 increased consumption of foreign candles and kerosene oils the 

 demand for insect white wax remains steady, and the industry 

 concerned with its production shows very few signs of decline. 

 Owing chiefly to difficulties in navigation on the Yangtsze and 

 . consequent heavy freight charges, foreign goods are very ex- 

 pensive and enjoyed only by the wealthy. With the advent of 

 railways vast changes will certainly take place, and this in- 

 teresting insect-wax industry may at some future date become 

 extinct. 



LITERATURE CONSULTED 



1. Chavannes. Ann. Soc. ent. France II 6: 144. 



2. Comstock, J. H. Report on Scale Insects. Rept. U. S. Dept. of Agr. 



(1888) Cornell Univ. Bull. (1916) 372. 



3. Comstock, J. H. Introduction to Entomology (1888) 136. 



4. Comstock, J. H. Manual of Insects (1895) 166. 



5. Cotes, E. C. White insect wax in India. Ind. Mus. Notes, No. 3 2 



(1891) 91-97. 



6. Fernald, M. E. Cat. of the Coccidae of the World (1903) 146. 



7. Green, E. E. Coccidae of Ceylon Pt. I (1896) 3. 



8. Howard, L. O. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. 9 N. S. (1897) 39. 



9. Kurimoto. Senchufu 1 : 19. 



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Sci. Ill 3 (1902) 6. 



11. Kuwana, S. I. Bull. Imp. Agr. Exp. Sta. Japan No. 2 1 (1907). 



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atory, Gifu, Japan (1917). 



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Pt. II (1917) 61-64. 



14. Ono, R. Honzo-Komoku Keimo 35 (1810). 



15. Sasaki, C. Ibotaro ni tsuki, Dobutsugaku zatshi (Zoological Magazine) 



No. 114 (1898) 111-116. 



16. Sasaki, C. Hakurochu no tsukite, Dobutsugaku zatshi No. 117 (1901) 



349-352. 



17. Sasaki, C. On the wax-producing coccid, Ericerus pe-la Westwood. 



Bull. Agr. Coll. Imp. Univ., Tokyo No. 1 6 (1904) 1-14. 



18. Signoret, V. Ann. Soc. ent. France V 4 (1874) 19. 



19. Wilson, E. H. A Naturalist in Western China 2 (1913) 100-105. 



20. Yano, S. Hakurochu Baiyo Shiken. Bull. Dept. Agr. and Comm., 



Japan Bur. Forestry 11 (1914) 53-68. 



