450 The Philippine Journal of Science 1923 



at the Anthropological Congress, held under the presidency of 

 Virchow in Breslau in 1884, he spoke on the artificial defor- 

 mation observed in ancient skulls found by him on Samal. 



All this but served to maintain and increase his desire for 

 further exploration in the Philippines. When, therefore, upon 

 the death of one of the partners of Pablo Sartorius in Manila, 

 he was offered the place thus vacated, he accepted it, the more 

 readily as his destination this time was to be not Manila whose 

 climate had before proved disastrous to his health, but the more 

 salubrious Vigan, the capital of Ilocos Sur, where he was to 

 manage a branch of the Manila office, and from where he hoped 

 to carry out certain plans for the exploration of northern Luzon. 7 

 He arrived with his family in Vigan in November, 1885, and 

 the next year he made his first expedition into the Cordillera 

 Central where he visited the people of Balbalasan, Pagpago, 

 Ginaang, Lubuagan, and other mountain settlements, situated 

 in what to-day is Kalinga Subprovince. In the following year 

 (1887) he went to Bontok, Talubin, Banawe, Sapao, Asin, Lahu- 

 tan, and Suyuk. In the absence of details of his itineraries it 

 is impossible to give the exact route taken by him in this and in 

 other expeditions. In the present instance, however, we have 

 his letter from Vigan, dated October 10, 1887, to the Anthropo- 

 logical Society in Berlin, in which he says: 



I have so far visited in detail the inhabitants of the provinces of Abra,' 

 Bontok, Lepanto, La Union, and parts of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela. The 

 much-discussed question of [classifying] the Igorots I dare not approach 

 yet; this problem they solve in Europe with more ease than we here on 



From the photographs taken by Schadenberg among the 

 mountain tribes of northern Luzon, a collection of which is now 

 in the possession of Prof. H. Otley Beyer, it becomes evident 

 that Schadenberg at some time passed also through Benguet 

 Subprovince, traveling with his wife through the valley of Agno 

 River. But the most courageous advance made by him into the 

 interior of the mountain region was undoubtedly his expedition 

 into the country of the head-hunting Apayaos, undertaken in 



T Another source gives him as owner of the drug store in Vigan directly 

 purchased by him from the Manila firm with the preconceived object of 

 carrying out from this base his plans for the exploration of northern 

 Luzon. It may be pointed out here that Schadenberg was in the habit 

 of financing all his expeditions from his personal means, acquired chiefly 

 as the result of previous professional labors. 



* Abra was at that time reckoned to extend farther east than at present.— 



