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14 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[JaN. 3, 
asserting the greater profitableness of those rotations 
where the land is made to yield an alternate succession 
of green and white crops over others, which we presume 
still prevail, in which, after’a succession of grain crops, 
generally Oats, the land is neglected, and left to rest till 
a sufficient amount of food for plants shall again have 
accumulated. 
In our opinion, Mr. Morgan has written a very inte- 
resting essay, and one well calculated to improve the 
‘agriculture of his county. 
Miscellaneous. 
Characteristics of the well-bred Ox.—1. The head 
shall be fine, hat long, and diminishing to the 
muzzle, which shall be thin. 2. The horns shall be 
fine, and placed on the summit of the head; the eyes 
shall be prominent and clear. 3. The neck shall be 
free from coarseness, large where it joins the shoulder 
and breast, and diminishing to the head. 4. The breast 
shall be wide,and project well in front of the fore-limbs. 
-5. Theshoulder shall be broad, but join without abrupt- 
ness to the neck before, and to the chine behind. 6. 
The back and loins shall be straight, wide, and flat, 7. 
The girth behind the shoulders shall be large, and the 
ribs well arched. 8, The hook-bones shall be far apart 
-and nearly ona level with the back-bone; and from 
the hook-bone to the bending down of the tail, the quar- 
ter shall be long, broad, and straight. 9. The tail shall 
be broad at the upper part, and small and progressivel; 
diminishing towards the extremity. 10. The legs shall 
be short, fleshy to the knee and hock, and below the 
joints flat and thin, and the hoofs shall be small. 11. 
The skin shall be soft to the touch, the belly shall not 
hang down, there shall be little hollowness behind the 
shoulders, and the flanks shall be well filled up.— Low's 
Domestic Animals, 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS. 
JANUARY. 
and how to perform them, wil 
indeed, if any one has only books and writings to 
depend upon, he had better not risk his money in business at 
all. Experience is wanted as well as 
is difficult, and perhaps impossible, to convey to the mind 
iption the ci which the 
with this w 
ng a man req 
is acquired by apprenticeship—he requires it in order to the 
ell ; he requires it perhaps most of all in the manage- 
ment of his labourers, for it is upon the practical skill exhibited 
here that muc! i i 
e main points for the farmers' attention in January are 
draining, management of manure, management of live stock, 
management of fences, irrigation, preparation for spring crops, 
We shall discuss these during successive weeks, 
Drainage.—Let us suppose an extreme case:—that of an 
estate overrun by irregular hedgerows, and soaked with water, 
riny 
up a sufficiently deep (say 3 feet 6 inches or 4 feet) main drain, 
which should be as straig! 
position along 
tas is consistent with its proper 
e lowest parts of the land. Then 
the rain has filled them, then dig a drain 3 fect deep down 
the slope, immediately between two of these holes, and observe 
the latter may deliver their water above the tiles of the former, 
be filled in as soon as made 
A or trampling the earth in, but the 
object should be to replace it as nearly as possible in point ofcon- 
sistence asit was before being remoyed. One-inch pipes may be 
made at 8s. per 1000 ft.—they may be bought at the kiln for from 10s, 
‘to 16s., they are perfectly efficient draining tiles. The common 
half-round 
and material met with in draining, 
, Besides tile or stone draining, plug draining, as itis called, 
contracted for atfrom 3d. to 34d. per perch of 164 ft., 2 ft. 
The drain is cut of that depth, and 2 inches wide at boti 
a core of wood about 8 inches high, which fits it, is placed in 
d in and trampled down, the 
wood is then drawn along, earth is again filled in and trampled, 
and so the work proceeds. 
The cost of a permanent and efficient drainage will be from 
4l. to 71. per acre, ineluding in that sum the expence of over- 
coming the difficulties of uneven land, rock, hedgerows, dsc, 
&c. : itis the foundation on which alone good farming can be 
m 
T—— M 
Notices to Correspondents, 
AVERAGE Cost or WHEAT CULTURE—J H—There is great diffi- 
culty in making trustworthy calculations in farm matters, 
and there are doubtless many farmers who would object to 
the following :— 
AVERAGE Cost or WHEAT 
After Clover, s. d. 
After Fallow Crop. £ s 
eceooooooomnt 
m 
nn 
ting. . 
Carting to rick and 
buildings . . 
Thrashing and clean- 
ing 28 bush., at4q. 0 
Carting to market. . 0 
To which should be 
added, the Clover 
being depastured, 
value of manure, 
—the droppings of 
thesheep........ 1 0 0 
o»oooooooocokR 
5 
3 
0 
1 
4 
0 
0 
3 
9 
1 
9 
3 
coooooooocoon 
wo HM «ooommmnom 
o» o oooooocoo 
and manure of 
the previous year*.. 37 0 0 
6 10 10 
vest a crop of three or four quarters in October. 
Cannors—J P, Holderness—Sow them in rows on the flat about 
18 inches apart, and cultivate the intervals as deeply as pos- 
sible during the growth of the crop. Red Carrots are perhaps 
somewhat more nutritious than white Carrots, but they are 
far less productive, 
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF Fopper—Inquirer—We cannot refer to 
any statement on this subject which is worth much ; because 
it is seldom that any kind of fodder can exhibit its true value 
when given by itself, They benefit one another by being 
given in mixture, 
Fuax MruL—To a Correspondent—There is no portable Flax 
mil. We know of one, however, likely to answer, which is 
now in process of invention, 
GLOUCESTERSHIRE 
After it has been killed one day, put a light coat of salt on 
the sides, and when that i dissolved, about 31b. of saltpetre 
is used to every 50 Ibs. of bacon, and covered with salt as it 
a 
ready for the stoves, unless they are very heavy, in which 
case this should be delayed another week. 
Hammer, Frrpinc—A Gloucestershire Landowner—See under 
heading “ Farmers’ Clubs.” We are sorry we are unable to 
give you more references, 
Parent BAKING Process—Devonshtre—Next week, 
PEAT DRAINING TiLes—Jas. Russell—They are made by a ma~ 
chine lately invented b; 
of which we shall, through the kindness of that gentleman, 
should Jast 12 large hogs a weck, and during that period they 
8 to 10 score tbs. of bacon, worth 
from 60s. to 70s. ; but how much of this produce is due to the 
one, and how much to the other kind of food, we cannot say. 
SHEEP—IJnquirer—They will pay best to feed (if they have beer 
“done” well hitherto), if bought when done growing, what- 
7—A man and boy can manage, 
litter, and feed (cleaning and cutting the roots themselves) 
40 head of stalled cattle, 
To PrckuE WaratT—drator—The easiest way, and a ve 
Ty 
effectual one, is to dissolve 8025. of blue vitriol (sulphate of 
Markets. 
h 
E offer 70 B 
ep from Holland.—For Sheep we hada steady inquiry, and Monday" 
were well supported.— The number of Calves was small, yet the Veal 
wi una 
58 Oto 59 3 
pas Shor 4 19 
Sec 4 
Cal 53 
Prices ranged 
gents 
Coriander = 
COVENT GARDEN, JAN. 3.—The market still continues tO 
be well supplied with Fruit and Vegetables, more especial 
with the latter. Pine-a) i 
are good in quality, and command @ 
tolerably brisk trade. Oranges are becoming more abundant; 
but in consequence of the increased demand, prices for them, 
and also for Lemons, are rather on the rise. Nuts rem: 
but Broccoli is abundant, and Savoys, Brussels Sprouts, ant 
other winter Greens, are plentiful. ‘Carrots an S 
excellent in quality, and sufficient for the demand. Potatoes 
FRUITS 
Pine Apple, perlb., 4sto 6s Lemons, per dozen, Is to 2r 
Grapes, Hothonse, per Ib., 3s to Gs =- per 100, Gs to 14r 
— Seville, per 100, 148 
Chesnuts, per peck, 4s to 8s 
— per dozen, 2s to 25 6d 
Pears, per hf.-sy., a to 10s 
VEGETABLES. 
elery, per bunch, 6d to 1a 64 
Cardoons, each, 6d to 9d 
Paranips, per doz., 3d to 1s 
icorzonera, per bundle, 1s to 1s 6d 
alsify, don 1s to 15 6d 
nions, per bushel, 1s Gd to Se 
— pickling, per hf..sy., 2» to Se 
— ‘Spanish, per doz., is 6d to 4s 
Shallots, per 1b., 6d to 8d 
Endive, per score, 6d to 1s 
Lettuce, per score, Cab., 4d to 9d. 
pe — Cos 6d to 
adishes, per doz. bunches, 1s to 146d 
Mushrooms, per pottle, 1s to 1s 62 
t; 
Cabbages, per doz., 6d to 1s 61 
be red, per doz., 2s to 8 
Brussels Sprouls, p. hi 
Spinach, per sieve, 9d to 1s 6d. 
Leeks, per doz. bunches; 1s to 28 
Garlic, perlb., 6d to 8d 
HAY.—Per Load of 36 Trusses, 
> SMITHFIELD, Jan, 1, 
Prime Mead.Hay 84s to 95s| New Hay 
—sto =s | NewOlr. —sto —s 
Infr.New & Rowen 55 75 | Clover 
85 to 112 | Straw 80 98 
Jonn Coorsr, Salesman, 
WHITECHAPEL, Jan, 2, 
95ato 100s | Old Clover 1008 to 115s 
= —|NewCloveri— — | Straw 
88 | Infr. ry 70 B4 
HOPS, Fripay, Dec. 2. 
The market is very firm, and good Hops scarce. 
3 ATTRNDRN & Smiri, Hop-Factors- 
Fine Old Hay - 
Inferior Hay -~ 28s to 438 
New Hay — - 75 
RITISH, PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. 8. S, b Se 
Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Suffolk .  , hite 58 67 Red . 54 6i 
~ Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire + 57 68 White 59 63 
Barley, Malting and distilling 81s to8ba Chevalier 38 38 Grind. 97, 30 
Oats, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire . . Polands 22324 Feed $0 93 
—— Northumberland and Scotch , eed 20 98 Potato 24 28 
= Irish e s 4. eed 20 22 Potato 24 926 
Malt, pio xU ct + + 54 60 
—— Hertford and Essex ee * + 60 65 
RUE Euro "Me Maui: Ur Te ag | 
Beans, Mazagan, old and new 28 t0 49 ‘Tick 31 44 
+ 87 to 48 
2 
S 
Harrow 33 46 
Pigeon, Heligoland Longpod 32 
te Grey 82 86 
Peas, Whi + + + 4 441048 Maple 34 36 
ARRIVALS IN THE RIVER LAST WEEK, 
our. ‘Wht. | Barl. | Malt,| Oats. | Rye, | Bns, [Peas 
English 843) Sks. — Brls.| 2888| 4668 | 4640 | 935 | — 742 | 1137 
Eriha t em 5, — 5, — | 9 = |swe| = | — | — 
Foreign". 1610 4, 3110 | 10097| 4081 | — | 6251] — |3015 | a241 
FRIDAY, Jan, 2, 
Thereis very little English Wheat offering on sale this morn« 
ing, the trade is very firm, and fully supports our Monday'$ 
juotations ; there appears a slight inquiry for export, but we 
id not hear ofany transactions in Bonded being concluded,— 
Barley, Beans, and Peas, remain as last quoted—The Oat trado 
copper) for each 4 bushels, in as little water as will take it | has rather an upward tendency, but. sales cannot be proceeded 
up, and then laying the Wheat down on a barn floor, throw | with at an advance, 
the solution over it, and mix it rapidly up, so that each grain ARRIVALS THIS WEEK, x 
Shall be wetted. Leave the heap for an hour, and during = ‘Wheat Barley Oats ona 
that period it will have thoroughly dried. Lime is unneces- Eme » «7 | _ 5 ie tampa Ce besa 
sary; indeed, were it added, it would be injurious, Porat is 4230 3600 so 1| —- 
VALUE oF ES— Inquirer—A ft town sheep, eating D IMPERIAL AVERAGES, 
24 Tbs. of cut Swedes daily under shelte md receiving heat- | Barley.) Oats. | Rye. | Beans.) Peas! 
nothing else, may increase in weight between 1st of Nov. and | Nov. 22 per Quarter.) 57s11¢| B48 1d) 258 bd} sfa ld| 43s 4d|. 450 4d 
1st of March, 5 Ibs. a quarter, value 10s, in mutton, and say Dec. 4 ERR E H Mo E H 3 à it 8 E i 
24. in wool—12s, received for 120 days feeding on Swedes, at | ** 8 : r 1| 5 39 9| 24 6| 36 8| 40 8| 43 61 
24 Tbs. a ‘or rather more than 25 cwt.. of cut roots, | — so ; + «| 5711| a2 7| 3a 4| a 5| 59 6| dà 5 
on, allowin ste in cleaning, for 28 cwt. of roots ag] =. 97 + : + | siaj as 9| a a] 3 6| 2010] 
ey wo e offered for sale—this is ei 0 83, 6d, p [ 
woes, nagar fuse ee to 8s. 6d. per 6 weeks’ Aggreg. Aver. | 5711} 38 0| 94 4| 352| 4011 | 43 4€ 
*,* Communications reaching town after Wednesday, cannot | Duties on Foreign Grain 15 0! 5 o! 4 0| 76! 2 6| 1 9 
be answered the same week. 
Diagram showing the fluctuations in the price of Corn on the average of 156. 
six Saturday, Dec. 97. 
Dro, 6 
Paros. | Nov. 22 
59s 4d + 
Nov. 29 Dro, 18 | Dro. 20 
| 
Dno. 97. 
iu 
III 8SISISIS 
SEEDS, Jan. 2. 
4 -I BOE ae o Mato an Linseed Cakes, Forelgn,p.ton 9} to s 
arraway = per o 8 50 | Mustari te = p. -8. wi 
usual convey; pw a a oe os PUES Petreius 
eee Ps — Foreign - oo — Brown , = = p 
Mx — White, English - —  -—|Rapeseed,English,perlas: 26] 96 
se = — ‘Foreign —|RapeCakes ^ - perton : 
F * l0 16|Saintfoin = = . = mm 
* perqr. 85 36 |Tares, Eng. winter p. bush, = 
- perqr 54 60| — Foreign- . = 4 
e 
456 
Balle 250 S ads 
5&^ This simple method is suggested by Mr, Parsons, of West 
set, 
46 |Trefol = = percwt 18 $8 
= Cakes, Eng, per 1000,13: , 131] Turnip (too variable for quotation). 
Kivasyonp 
à 
