4.—1846.] 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZET 
T E. 61 
this is a subject sufficient for another article ; but I 
must just say that the corn is thrashed, the straw is de- 
livered into the barn, or, if necessary, cut into chaff ; the 
chaff is delivered into the chaff-house, and the grain 
cleaned is delivered into sacks, all by machinery, driven 
by a 6-horse power steam-engine. Great expense was 
ineurred in the erection of this machinery, and many 
alterations made before it acted successfully, as it now 
does. The Whitfield buildings well deserve the inspec- 
tion of any who may be about to erect farmeries ; they 
will instruct in many cases, by offering an example 
worthy of imitation, as well as in some by exhibiting 
faults to be avoided.— M. S 
3iebíttus. 
The Plough: a Journal of Agriculture and Rural 
Afra No. Longman, Brown, Green, and 
Vo. 1 of a new monthly Agricultural periodical. It 
contains some very excellent papers on the Practice 
and Principles of good Farming. The first number of 
a new publication is rarely distinguished by much 
variety, but the absence of it in the case of “The 
Plough, No. 1,” is, to a great extent, compensated by 
the practical usefulness ‘of the two papers, the one 
entitled “ Aratorium ; or Cultivation of Lands ;? and 
the other “On the Philosophy of Agriculture,” which 
occupy the greater number of its pages. 
The Farmer's Almanack for 1846. By C.W. John- 
son, Esq., F.R.S., and W. Shaw, Esq. J. Ridgway. 
HE distinguishing ch teristies of a good farmer's 
almanack should, we imagine, be a calendar of the opera- 
tions which, during the several seasons of the year, come 
under his superintendence ; a perfect list of all fairs 
and markets; anda full and weil illustrated sheet of 
agricultural advertisements. These features are all 
thoroughly well developed, in the almanack before us. 
The monthly calendar is well written and instructive, 
as indeed it ought to be, after the course of improve- 
ment which, under able editorship, it has und 
during the past five or six years. And it is accom- 
panied by a great variety of useful selections from, and 
references to our standard works on farming. The ad- 
vertising sheet is as instructive as usual ; and in addi- 
tion to the illustrations it affords of the present state of 
agricultural mechanics, as well as of farm enterprise in 
other departments, it contains on some of its pages, 
among other useful articles, an essay on the condition 
of the labouring classes. Now, one point to which this 
subject should direct our attention, doubtless, is the 
necessity of increasing the number and improving the 
Charaeter of cottages for agricultural. labourers ; and 
on an adjoining page we find a paragraph by Mr. Miles, 
of St. James's-square, architect, explanatory of the 
Construction of a cottage of his devising ; the drawing 
and plan of which, by Mr. Shaw’s kindness, we are 
enabled to transfer to our columns, , 
We by no means wish to be understood as approving 
9f the above plan in all its details. For extent and ac- 
“ommodation (for one family), and we imagine costli- 
Ress, it represents too high a standard of excellence for 
eneral imitation by those who are engaged in the really 
benevolent work of building for their labourers. We 
*Xtraet the following passage from Mr. Miles's explana. 
tion. Tand J ar e, the one a living room and the other 
a bed-room, each 18 feet by 14. 
* In the poor man’s dwelling, the labourer's cottage, 
one fire can only generally be afforded : it is, therefore, 
a subject worthy of every attention to make this fire as 
extensively useful as possible. Some improvements 
lately patented by Mr. Sylvester in grates and fire- 
places appear to give adaptations peculiarly fitted to 
Small dwellings. With a very moderate expenditure of 
fuel the living aparttent would be provided witha fund 
of hot water, a good oven, a cheerful open fire, and a 
warm hearth. Besides these advantages this fire-place 
would also furnish, at pleasure, warmth consistent with 
preserving dryness in all the rooms, not however doing 
away with the necessity of fires in the other rooms, when 
these may be actually occupied. The ventilation of all 
the rooms is secured by the chimney, and a free 
admission of fresh air, the chimney shaft being so con- 
structed as to render the benefit of a change of air or 
ventilation in every room at the same time. H, 10 
by 7, may be used as a bed-room; G, the pantry, 
7 by 8; F, the scullery, with a back door and a way 
to the fuel store, marked E; D is for the poultry ; 
there are two rooms on the first floor over I and J, 
which are approached by a staircase from the kitchen. 
A drain from the scullery through the vegetable garden 
C) to the covered manure tank (B), with a pump, 
together with the pigs, &c. (A), are a short distance be- 
hind the dwelling. An under-ground tank to collect the 
rain-water from the roof should be made in a convenient 
situation, It is intended. to build the walls hollow with 
blocks of moulded conerete, wherever good stone or 
brick are not to be obtained ata reasonable cost. An 
entirely new construction is proposed for the roof, 
which shall be fire-proof, nearly flat, and a sufficiently 
bad conductor of heat, &e. ; withal the expense not to 
exceed that of a common roof. The floors may be of the 
same material, thus to render the structure fire-proof.’’ 
Miscellaneous. 
made with guano and stable manure, on a crop o 
Swedes, at the late dinner of the Agricultural Society, 
by Mr. Nicholas Le Beir, Secretary of the Guernsey 
Royal Agricultural Society, I could not but be surprised 
at the result in favour of guano, and which I calculate 
as follows :— 
STABLE MANURE. £. s. 
15 tons, at 4s. each ...... see per English acre 3 0 0 
Cartage of manure, at 1s. per ton .. 55 015 0 
Labour of spreading manure, 3 men's day's work, at 50 
at ls. 8d. each ... 
d. 
a 
GUANO. 
150 Ibs. of guano, at 10s. per ewt .. 
Cartage, and labour of spreading. ... 
e of crop in favour o: 
rede Turnips, at 15s. per $4 11 6 
To which add the difference 
guano, say 6 tons 2 ew 
ton ... 
Total amount in favour of guano.. £7 15 6 
per English acre, or 3/. 2s. per vergée, one-third more 
than the yearly rental of the land. Surely, with such 
a golden return, our farmers can no longer be blind to 
the value and almost miraculous fertilizing qualities of 
guano.—An Agriculturist, in the Guernsey Star. 
Sir J. M. Tylden’s Experiments with Superphosphate 
of Lime.—You will oblige me by ing a triflin 
with guano and wood ashes spotty and very unequal, 
The result of my various experiments leads me to the 
conclusion that, on fresh land, 4 ewt. to the acre of 
super-phosphate of lime is as good and efficient a mi- 
nure as can be, and on land on which Turnips make a 
regular part of the rotation, I would recommend 3 cwt. 
with dung, and 2 cwt with guano; and, as far as I can 
judge, the Turnips grown with guano and super-phos- 
phate of lime are decidedly better than with dung and 
super-phosphate of lime. The guano sown broad-cast 
and ploughed in, the super-sulphate of lime drilled in 
with the seed. Guano, Peruvian, 3 ewt. to the acre. 
This excellent manure can be had by applying to Mr. 
Wilson, Lawes’s Manufactory, Deptford Creek, or to 
Mr. Gordelier, chemist, Sittingbourne.—J. M. TYLDEN, 
Milsted, 7th Nov. [To the Editor of the Maidstone 
Gazette.] 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS. 
JANUARY. 
2.—The long floodings which, with intervals of four 
Ws, are advisable during winter, should be’ gradually 
shortened in the latter end of this month, and during the next. 
During November, December,-and January, a water-meadow 
may be flooded from 15 to 20 days at a time, and it should then. 
be suffered to lie dry for nearly a week, and th 
the draining during that time the bett 
Irrigation 
inuary 
days is a long enough floodir 
y shoul 
antime, as an illustration of their value, 
statement, by Mr. Stephens, of the pro- 
at South Cerney, in Gloucestershire:—The 
Grass was saved till the 2d day of April, and was then let at 
lid. a week per sheep, 3s. 6d. per cow, and 4s, for a colt.—The 
whole produce thus obtaine 35 
per acre. besides this, 15 tons of hay were made off it 
The following, again, is a statement of 
the annual debtor and creditor account, per acre, of a meadow 
in this neighbourhood, that has been presented to us by its. 
proprietor. 
Guano v. Manure.—On reading the report of a trial 
f 
Dr. Cash. £ s.d. Contra Cr. £s d. 
To 35 cwt. of hay,at 60s. y rental, including 5 
per ton... ee v2 55 percent.on expense of 
Value of spring and au- formation .. 44259 
tumn keep .. ++ 200 By annual expense of 
irrigation — .. 0150 
£750 Harvest work .. + 0150 
rofi! m +» 3100 
£7 50 
Management of Fences.—No better days than the fine, dry, mild 
weather we experienc uring the first weeks of this month, 
The ground to be occu- 
pied by the fence should have been previously well cultivated or 
E 
R 
2 
on 
g& 
Ei 
2 
B 
[^ 
g& 
13 
4 
a 
B 
E 
5 
2 
i 
© 
È 
E 
$ 
E 
five or six inches from the roots. It i unnecessary, ind, in- 
i e any'space between the bank an 
the fence has a better chance of growing free 
i e of a conti- 
The pre- 
hose operations in which consist 
edge of the ditch ; 
E s 
from weeds when it simply starts from the fac 
Notices to Correspondents. 
AGRICULTURAL Sraristrcs—P—Spackman’s “ Statistics," Our 
copy is not at hand, or we would extract for you the informa- 
tion you require. We shall do so shortly. We imagine our 
i within the last 10 years has in a small degree 
g 
error, either of mine or the reporters, in what I said 
relative to the use of super-phosphate of lime, at the 
Sittingbourne Agricultural Society. I am reported to 
have said that I used super-phosphate of lime with 
wood ashes. It should have been “guano with wood 
ashes.” I am anxious that my statement should go 
forth correct, because I should regret that anything 
should appear to the prejudice of super-phosphate of 
lime, which, I do not hesitate to say, is the best manure 
I have met with to force a Turnip crop out of the way 
of the fly, and, generally, to produce a good crop at the 
least expense. Should it not be trespassing too much 
on your space and time, perhaps you will allow me 
shortly to state my experience in the use of this manure. 
Last year I used 4 ewt. to the acre, drilled in with the 
seed, at the cost, all expenses paid, of 30s. The erop 
was as good (of white Turnips) as I ever saw in Norfolk 
or Suffolk. The ground had been an old ley, threé 
years broken up. This had some effect, of course, but 
to show the use of the super-phosphate of lime, a part 
was left without any, and here the Turnips were scarcely 
larger than peg-tops. I also put on the same field 
guano, costing 48s. per acre. The Turnips here were 
good, but never so good as those grown with super- 
phosphate of lime. ‘The whole were put in on the 8th 
of July ; the super-phosphate fit to hoe on the 27th, the 
guano on the 3d of August. The guano was sown 
broad-cast and ploughed in, shallow, before drilling the 
seed. This year I have tried super-phosphate of lime 
with dung and with guano—for both Swede and white 
Turnips, and the result is equally satisfactory. For 
Swedes I used 2 ewt. to the acre, with 40 loads of good 
farmyard dung, leaving some rows without any super- 
phosphate of lime, The diff is quite extraord 
nary, and, but for this manure, I should have had a very 
bad crop of Swedes. I put 3 cwt. of Peruvian guano 
and 2 ewt. of super-phosphate of lime to the acre, for 
white Turnips ; but not having enough of the super- 
phosphate, I used some wood ashes (30 bushels to the 
acre) with the guano. hose Turnips grown with 
guano and super-phosphate of lime are very good, bu 
outstripped the increasing demands of our population. 
‘ooKs— T.P N—“ Agricultural Geology," ** Morton on Soils,” 
y generally," ** Trimmer's Geology.” —A Sub- 
** On Geolo, 
scriber—Ourwen's “ Economy of Feeding Stock,” and .other 
** Hints on Agricultural Subjects," was published in 1809, by 
will find much 
J. Johnson, St. Paul’s-churchyard. 
e is genera! e 
should fear letting water from a lead mine on our pastures. 
Irrigation might be more generally and profitably adopted 
than it is. We know of no work on the cultivation of Gorse ; 
ut you may refer to pp. 75, 90, 139, 188, 203, Agricultural 
Gazette, 1844—for information. : 
Casr-InoN SHAares—Inquirer—We do not know their cost ; pro, 
bably 13d. to 2d. per Ib. 
hs Acones Subsoriber—Rent and taxes say £40 0 0 
st o. 100 0 Q 
Draining, if that be needed, will cost... 
Expence of cultivation one year (we will suppose 
by the spade) 20 acres, at, say 4l. per acre i, 0 0 0 
Stock to consume during winter, 10 acres of 
green produce, say EM EE s 
O E E rli ey soe SURE EN 
00 0 0 
£4 
This is as much as you will require; but the farm may 
notrequire draining, and then you will not incur that ex- 
pence, and you may resolve to sell the produce and buy 
manure every year, and cost of stock must then be deducted, 
and both of these together will reduce the sum by 2601. or to 
1401. To this, however, as well as to the 4007. in the other 
case, you must add the payments due to the out-going tenant. 
These may be from Il. to : 
Farm Burtpixes—Znquirer— We should not like to erect build. 
e, except with a lease of at 
tenant-at-will on 
irer—If an acre of meadow produces a ton of 
hay by the end of June; had it not been mown, what would 
have been the value of the beef or mutton? Has any one 
any facts to state illustrative of this point? .The Grass 
would doubtless have been more valuable than the hay. 
InntGATION— Constant Reader—You should let your liquid ma- 
nure run into the stream, provided all the water is turned on 
your meadows ; but if much of it runs down the valley, with. 
out irrigating the meadows, you had better keep the manure 
back and cart it. 
