5.—1846.] 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
073 
H OT-WATER APPARATUS FOR HEATING 
HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, DWELLING-HOUSES, 
CHURCHES, and MANUFACTORIES, upon improved princi- 
ples, and at very moderate charges, erected by DANIEL an 
D. and E. Barry having devoted much time to the considera- 
tion of this subject, and had much experience in the erection of 
apparatus for the above-mentioned purposes, have, by improve- 
ments suggested in their practice, rendered their mode of heat- 
ing not only very efficient, but very simple, and have combined 
OURNAL OF THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY OF ENGLAND, Vol. VI, Part 2.—EnnATUM (in 
a few of the earlier copies), p. 326, line 18, for “ 2s."read ‘‘ 22s.” 
POLMAISE HEATING. 
ESSRS. G. & J. HADEN beg to inform the 
Readers of the Gardeners’ Chronicle that the apparatus 
at PorxAIsE was erected by them. Also, thatthey are prepared 
to give plans and estimates to m gentleman requiring similar 
apparatus.— Trowbridge, Jan. 
MHE URATE OF THE LONDON MANURE 
COMPANY, FOR TARES, TURNIPS, WHEAT, &c., at 
Four Guineas per Tos.—The above Manure having stood the 
test of many years’ experience, is recommended with the 
tast óondd 
opportunity of exhibiting, amongst other metal works, an ex- 
tremely complete and convenient kitchen apparatus, or range, 
adapted for the continued supply of hot water, and an arrange- 
ment of the oven more complete than has hitherto been brought 
E. BarLEY were the first to introduce metallic cur- 
vilinear houses to horticulturists, and can refer to the Conser- 
vatory attached to the Pantheon as one of their works, besides 
D. an Barney have prepared a quantity of the Galvanic 
Plant Protectors, which are now ready for immediate delivery ; 
they beg to introduce to public notice a new Trough Pipe, for 
Orchidaceous or other Houses where vapour is constantly, or 
at intervals, required, and which may be seen at their Manu- 
faetory. d 
g ; being uniform in its manufacture, it may 
be relied upon at all times, thereby preventing those great dis- 
appointments which frequently occurfrom the difficulty of ob- 
no and other Manuresin a pure state. It will be 
She Agricultural Gazette, 
light, apply clay or marl, and you make it firmer ; 
if shallow, upon clay or sand, you may with safety 
gradually deepen it ; so that with the one exception 
ofa shallow soil resting on rock, this “circumstance” 
is capable of control. We are well aware that alte- 
rations which can be accomplished only by an un- 
profitable expenditure are of no value to the farmer; 
but who will doubt the profitableness of drainage or of 
deep culture ? 
Fourthly :— We now come to the circumstances 
upon which, in our opinion, the differences in our 
agriculture do depend. And these mainly arise 
out of the intelligence and capital of the farmer, 
and out of the relationship which obtains between 
him and his landiord. Prices may have been 
* ruinous,"* climate may have been wretched, soil 
may have been untowardly ; but a lease-giving 
landlord never yet had his estates badly farmed by 
an intelligent tenantry. Security for the tenant's 
capital here, its absence there—an educated, we 
mean professionally educated man, as farmer in 
the one case, and a clodhopperin the other—and let 
e diff of climate and soil be what they may, 
THE TANK SYSTEM, 
ERE 
(EA 
EES 
Ec 
DURBIDGE ano HEALY having heated a con- 
siderable number of Pits and other Horticultural Struc- 
fures, for the cultivation of Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, and 
other tropical plants, partieularly upon the plan recommended 
n the Culture of Pines and Cu- 
e Baroness Rothschild's Gardens, Gunnershury; 
Glendinning, Chiswick Nursery; Messrs. Henderson, Pine- 
apple-place ; and in more than one hundred other places.— 
180, Fleet-street, London. 
URBIDGE aw» HEALY'S COOKING APPA- 
RATUS, combining Sylvester's Patents.—This Cooking 
‘be forwarded, upon. tailing parti 
at 130, Fleet-strect. By 
TEPHENSON anD CO., 61, Gracechurch-street» 
London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 
and Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 
CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 
scientific Horticulturists to their much approved method of 
andprice 
friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as 
These Boilers, which are 
May be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 
Nurseries throughout the kingdom. 
S. & Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory 
in New Park-street, every article required for the construction 
of Horticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may be 
‘Obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 
Conservatories, &c. of Iron or Wood, erected upon the most 
ornamental designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 
Fences, Wire Work, é&c. &c. 
EATING BY WARM WATER —An improved 
method of HEATING, by the CIRCULATION OF HOT 
WATER, may be seen in operation daily, at J. L. BENHAM & 
Son’s Stove Grate y, 19, Wi treet, Cavendish 
1E q 
UANO, PERUVIAN'AND AFRICAN, warranted 
Genuine to Analysis: also Gypsum, and all other Ma- 
nures of known value, on sale by MARK FOTHERGILL, 40, Upper 
Thames-street. 2 
BRITISH GUANO, equalin quality to Peruvian, at 97. per 
ton. Pamphlets gratis on 6 Stamps being forwarded, being 
amount charged for postage. Agent for DINGLE'S HAND 
SEED DIBBLE. 
gece 
Gano (GENUINE PERUVIAN & BOLIVIAN) 
ON SALE, BY THE ONLY LEGAL IMPORTERS, 
ANTHONY GIBBS AND SONS, LONDON ; 
Wm. J. MYERS and CO., LIVERPOOL; 
And by their Agents, 
COTSWORTH, POWELL, AND PRYOR, LONDON ; 
GIBBS, BRIGHT, AND CO., LIVERPOOL and BRISTOL, 
47, Lime-street, Jan. 31, 
SATURDAY, JANUARY 31, 1846. 
MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 
‘Agricultural Society of England. 
Waowmvar, Feb. 44 Aighiand and Agricultural Society. 
Tuunsnay,  — _5—Agriculsural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 
TaunsAY,  — 13—Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 
LOCAL SOCIETIES. 
Bath—Di 
FARMERS’ CLUBS. 
Feb. 9— London — Darlington — St. | Feb. 9—Wenlock—Wickham Market 
Columb -8 N k i Yo: Ex- 
minster—Selby 
=n Rochford 
Market -hill—Banchory | 
Hundred — St, Peter's —Wot- 
3—Wa'erford gh S 
Quivox—Abergavenny 
6—Hawick—Blofield and Wal- 
sham—Richmondshire 
6— Wrentham — Hadleigh — 
Wakefield—Claydon—St. Aus- 
tell—Litchfield 
— 7—Dariford —Collumpton—Car- 
di ton-on-Tr Dur- 
I 
ton Basset 
— 11—Braintree and Bocking—Har- 
gat leston 
— 12—Grove Fert 
ham — Male ase Northampton. — 14— Probus LATI —Winch- 
Book Club comb 
— 9~Herefurd—Great Oakley 
* AGRICULTURE IS DEPENDANT UPON CIRCUM- 
stances.” Nothing can be truer. Everybody 
knows that farming is a system of expediency from 
one end of it to the other. An acquaintance with 
the rationale, with the principles of the art, will not 
of itself ensure the success of the farmer. He must, 
besides this, possess the tact dexterously to develop 
these principles in 1 with ci 
And this is only to be acquired by experience. 
The questions, How? When? Where? How much? 
How often? To what extent? are perpetually 
recurring ; and unassisted experience is often the 
only guide to correct answers ; experience, united 
with a knowledge of the theory proper to the occa- 
sion, is sometimes required: the latter is rarely 
indeed sufficient by itself. 
Agriculture is undoubtedly dependant upon cir- 
cumstances. But can we admit this as an apology 
for bad farming? The plea would, doubtless, 
suffice were these circumstances incapable of 
alteration or control, But is this the case? 
What are they? There is, Ist, the price of farm- 
produce ; certainly an important consideration, and 
one which is beyond the control of the individual 
farmer; but it is one, nevertheless, to which we 
cannot attribute so conclusive an influence upon 
cultivation as some do, so long as wnder the same 
set of prices we see a Norfolk, a Lincolnshire, an 
East Lothian farm, managed well, and other districts 
in England and Scotland, whose agriculture is so far 
below theirs on the scale of excellence. To what 
must we attribute differences so great? To 
prices? No; for they are the same to all. 
And, 2dly, there is the powerful influence of cli- 
mate. It varies to a very considerable extent in 
this country, and may thus justify a departure in 
one district from what, in another, may be consi- 
dered the essential maxims of good cuitivation. 
But will climate alone account for the differences 
we have alluded to? To what particular item in 
the account of our climate must they be attributed? 
To differences of temperature? No; for the 
northern half of our island has had the reputation of 
being the better cultivated of the two. Are they, 
then, attributable to differences in the quantity 
of rain which falls? No; for we can select 
farms, under the watery skies of I hire, as 
they are not the causes to which we must attribute 
the good cultivation or the bad. When security 
shall be generally offered by landlords, and when 
good farmers shall occupy the land, there will be no 
want of capital to invest in its cultivation. There 
is plenty of that in this country looking about for 
an investment, and the experience of a few years 
under these “circumstances” will assure the ca- 
pitalist that the farmer is the best of all partners. 
We do believe that simple security of tenure, 
when it shall have acted for a sufficient length of 
time, will be found the true specific for agricultural 
distress; and that when it shall be generally ac- 
cepted by an educated and intelligent body of 
farmers, we shall witness a healthful flow of agricul- 
tural prosperity, such as has been hitherto unknown. 
We shall then see our agriculture fostered by fa- 
vourable “ circumstances.” 
Few things are more disappointing to a mind that 
is in earnest, than the discovery that in the endea- 
vour to convey its meaning it has used words which 
the hearer or reader did not understand. The vain 
man or the pedant may find-a certain pleasure in 
the use of long words when short and simpler ones 
would have answered the purpose much better; but 
there are few hearers, however unlearned, who can- 
not soon fathom this weakness, and, imperceptibly 
to themselves, their estimate of the speaker, and 
respect for his opinions, become duly proportioned 
to the quality of mind displayed by one who forgets, 
or is ignorant, that the use of words is to convey, 
not to confuse, meaning, and to enlighten, not to 
stupify, the hearer. 
We are led to this reflection by the difficulty 
which hasbeen experienced, and the errors which 
have been made in the attempts, of late years, to 
discuss, in sufficiently simple and intelligible lan- 
guage, the SCIENCES WHICH BEAR UPON AGRICULTURE. 
We live in'a country which, of all others upon the 
face’ of the globe, presents the most glaring contrasts 
in the matter of education. We have become no- 
torious over the continent of Europe for the shame- 
ful gulf that separates the educated and the unedu- 
cated classes. It is true that every day which passes 
is diminishing thesevil, and scratching out the na- 
tional blot ; but the extent to which it still exists in 
the agricultural districts, wherever the grunt of the 
locomotive, and the insinuating economy of the penny 
post, are still in their noviciate, is sufficient to occa- 
sion the greatest hindrance to improvement, éxactly 
where improvement is most required. _ Charity- 
schools have long tended to diminish this inequality, 
because they have brought into the most blessed 
contact the best and the best educated daughters of 
the rich with the children of the poor. But where 
are the correspondi tablish for those who 
lie between the two extremes? Where are the 
schools for the children of the farmer? The per- 
nicious temptation to use them as labourers on the 
farm, binds down their bodies to the plough-stilts at 
atime of life when their minds ought to be the more 
f 
perfect patterns of profitable cultivation as are 
to be found under the dry climate of Norfolk. 
It must be admitted, however, that the influ~ 
ence exerted on our agriculture by the quantity of rain 
which falls is very considerable; but as it is al- 
most entirely dependent on the texture of the soil 
which receives it, this is a “ circumstance” which 
may be considered as under our control. Drain the 
so called wet lands—those lands over which a bane- 
ful influence is thus exerted—and excessive rains 
will no longer injure them. 
Thirdly—The nature of the soil is an important 
circumstance influencing its cultivation. There can 
be no doubt of it ; but ifit be clayey, drainage, sub- 
soil ploughing, and good farming will openit ; if too 
hted object of parental solicitude in fitting 
them at some suitable school, or well chosen ap- 
prenticeship, for whatever sphere of life their genius 
(and every child has genius of some sort) may indi- 
cate; and the neglect of this better economy fills the 
agricultural districts with grown up children, ready 
to apply for and honestly assert their qualification 
to undertake the management of a farm, though re- 
moved either by education or capital. only a few 
degrees above their own labourers. It is not their 
fault, The fault lies in the generations that pre- 
ceded them; for to lay the fault upon their parents 
is only to assert that those parents should themselves 
* For information on the subject of “ruinous prices, 
r our readers to the evidence given before Parlia- 
mentary Committees. 
