THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONIC 
LE. 83 
6.—1846. ] 
THE TRUE FASTOLFF RASPBERRY, 
GREAT 
NORFOLK, 
YARMOUTH AS " 
NURSERY. , 
OUELL & CO., being the parties who first intro- 
Viscount Lorton, Lord A 
well as the Hortieultural Society of London, the latter having 
awarded YouxLL & Oo. two prizes for it. 
ackages containing 100 canes eth hin 
Do. do, 50 do. . . .013 0 
Do. *t OV 25 do ect 
Small Canes, 12s. per 100. 
A liberal discount will be allowed the Trade when ‘ quanti- 
ties" are ordered. 
For full description of the above see their advertisement of 
last week, 
Great Yarmouth Ni ', Feb, 7. 
WOODLANDS NURSERY, MARESFIELD, NEAR 
UCKFIELD, SUSSEX. 
W M. WOOD & SON have the honour of informing 
themselves—Strong Plants and warranted superior varieties :— 
Extra erior selected Standards on tall stou 
stocks, from 5 to 6 feet, adapted for Plantin in 
conspicuous situations oe «+ Per Doz: £116 0 
£ Per 100. 
Superior Standards .. Per Doz, £1 4 0—10 0 0 
E Superb ditto, extra fine "m -. 110 0 
Fine Dwarfs os P. ve 012 ^0 
Superb ditto . +» 018 0 
ine Dwarfs on own roots, in 50 varieties. . ehit Led 
OZ. 
Ditto Climbing, 9s. to 125. per d 
Ditto Dwarfs on own roots, without names 110 0 
roportionate number of plants presented with each order, 
towards defraying the expence of carriage, &c. 
W. W. & Son’s descriptive Catalogue of Roses; also Cata- 
logues of Camellias, Greenhouse, and Herbaceous Plants, will 
be sent ree on application. 
The Gardeners’ Chronicle, 
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1846. 
MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 
Weser, Poy [Miei dme) ^o Pre 
pir ANN NR NAE 
The following remarks on the Porwarss way of 
Heatine, by Mr. D. B. Mrrxe, a most able and in- 
telligent correspondent, are so perfectly in unison 
with our own views that we cannot do otherwise 
than adopt them as our own, by putting them in the 
most prominent place at our command, notwith- 
standing their too complimentary tone. 
* In common with many (may I notsay all) of 
your readers, I have taken much interest in the 
discussion, now carried on, in the Chronicle, on the 
subject of the Polmaise Mode of Heating. 
* Having formerly given much attention to the 
laws regulating the distribution of caloric, and 
haying also devoted much time to acquire a know- 
ledge of the theory and practice of horticulture, I 
trust that the remarks I am about to offer will aid 
you in your kind endeavours to bring stove and 
greenhouse cultivation within the means of the 
many ; and that the plans which I shall submit to 
your readers will advance us one more step towards 
the complete development of a system, which (to 
distinguish it from the hot water circulation) I shall 
venture to call the simple radio-thermal. 
“Tn spite of the prognostications of one who is 
usually a most intelligent correspondent, the Pol- 
maise mode of heating (at least the great principles 
embodied in it) will eventually triumph over exist- 
ing plans, not because these are unable to accomplish 
the?object for which they are designed, but because 
it will attain the same end by cheaper and more 
simple means. Did not the costly and troublesome 
composts of the old florist flower growers accomplish 
the end for which they were employed? and yet, 
are they not now numbered among ‘the things that 
were.’ How many things (even the most ingenious) 
have gone the same road for the same reason! 
Is it unlikely that the distribution of caloric 
by means of hot water should be among 
the number, when one of its supporters acknow- 
ledges that to carry it out on an extensive scale he 
spent 7007? What a Polmaise stove would such a 
sum have built! The cheapness and simplicity of 
the radio-thermal system are not only reasons why 
it should, but why it will succeed. But I augur its 
success on surer grounds than these. 
* When horticulturists first insisted upon a moist 
atmosphere as essential to the health of plants in 
high temperatures, the reason they assigned for the 
combination was, ‘that nature taught us so” When 
the same intelligent men assailed the practice of 
high night temperatures, it was on the ground 
‘that’ no such things were found in nature.” The 
TUESDAY, 
c 
$i and if this be so, it is a bold assertion to make, that 
certainty. May we not on the same account pre- 
dict success for this eminently natural system? 
What are its principles ? —a separate radiating 
body, a moist atmosphere, and atmospheric cur- 
rents. What are the principles on which our earth 
is warmed, its climates varied, and fitted for the 
vast productions of vegetable life? Are they not 
the same; a distant source of radiant heat, 
moist at here, an ic currents ? 
the principles which Providence employs, are in- 
sufficient for our guidance, or that they involve ‘a 
waste of power.’ 
“Who can point to one instance of waste of 
power in the kingdoms of Nature? Is it not man 
who in his ignorance wastes power, by using 
one more medium for the distribution of caloric 
than his Maker has found necessary to employ ? 
Let those, then, who advoeate the plan now under 
discussion, remember that they have cheapness and 
simplicity as their object, and Nature as an example. 
Let them be prepared for that opposition awaiting 
all attempts to upset existing systems ; but espe- 
cially for the difficulties which must ever attend the 
conversion of theory into practice. Was the hot 
water circulation brought at once to its present 
state? Was an iron pipe full of water, with one 
end pushed into the fire, ‘a more promising instru- 
ment’ than a stove, a wet blanket, and a hole in the 
wall ? 
* Probably, we have yet every thing to learn— 
but the principles—the relative size of the heating 
body, and the space to be heated. The different 
effects produced by the relative situation and dis- 
tance of the two ; the best means of abstracting the 
greatest possible amount of caloric, from a given 
quantity of burning fuel ; the best method of radiat- 
ing the calorie so given off; the extent to which it 
will be advisable to carry cold currents of air to- 
wards the source of heat, and the best plan of heat- 
ing the currents so carried; the way by which the 
most perfect system of ventilation, and the complete 
command of atmospheric humidity are to be ob- 
tained ; these are some of the points which experi- 
ence must determine, before this simple radio-thermal 
system will approach to that perfection with man 
which it has acquired in the hands of God ; and when 
observation and ingenuity have overcome these diffi- 
culties, the end will be attained, viz., with one cheap 
radiating source of heat, combined with variable 
quantities of atmospheric moisture, and causing 
variable atmospheric currents, to produce every tem- 
perature, suited to every species of growth,—differing 
(according as it is more or less removed from the 
influence of the radiating body) from the hot moist 
climate of the jungle, to the comparatively dry and 
genial air of the tropical mountain. 
* One word more, and I will cease to occupy space 
with myremarks; it is to thank you in the name of the 
many for your zealous endeavours to increase the 
number of their pleasures, and to thank the in- 
ventor of Polmaise for drawing attention to a sys- 
tem which promises to crown your efforts with suc- 
cess, which proposes.to accomplish Nature's ends 
with Nature's means. Let us not dispute who first 
invented that system which was coeval with the 
universe, but let us strive who can excel the other 
in its development, reflecting that where that is at- 
tained, * there is nothing hid from the heat thereof.”’ 
We hope to be able next week to produce a plan 
explanatory of the manner in which Mr. Mzzxx 
would apply the Polmaise principle. 
We announce jwith much pleasure that the 
GARDENERS’ BrNEvoLENT IwsTITUTION continues to 
thrive. Like all newly-constituted Associations, 
it has had to suffer from the coldness of friends, 
the doubts of the unready, and the hostility of 
enemies. That time is past. Its utility is recog- 
nised; the proper application of its funds un- 
questionable, and its permanence apparently 
certain. We have only room to offer it our good 
wishes, and to give the following lists of the sub- 
scriptions handed in on the occasion of the last 
anniversary :—— 
Secretary’s List oe ar ves as SIM Qu 
Mr. John Wrench's .. m It .. 45 19 0 
Mr. Garraway's ERU dob pap eni 9 
Mr. Gregory’s «+ ae . . ya HERI eel 
Mr. Henderson’s ve a we sk LOO 
Mr. Finden" m m m . m 5 A H 
Mr, Epp: .. "m ke ico s t 
Mr.-Vélohw ee meer ee ce Uu UU 
£194 18 6 
Ir is curious, and vexatious, to see how little 
knowledge of the commonest facts of VEGETABLE 
Pnvsroroav persons, otherwise well informed, and 
careful observers, possess. Of this we have found 
instances without number in our editorial capacity, 
and more are occurring daily. The following may 
be taken as an example. “M. R.” a correspondent 
certain facts relating to a tree in his possession, 
which facts he thus describes :— 
* The following is a curious instance of continued vi- 
tality in a Pear tree under treatmentapparently calculated 
to destroy it. The tree is of the Windsor kind, and hadat- 
tained a great size without producing much fruit, when, in 
the spring of 1841, an experiment was tried of cutting 
away part of the bark, but from some misunderstanding 
of directions, the whole of the bark was removed from the 
ground upwards to the height of three feet, and scraped 
perfectly away, with the exception of what remained 
in a very small cleft, and which then might be one-third 
inch or less, and is now not quite three-quarters of an 
inch thick in the thickest part ; the other parts which 
were divested of the bark are now externally as dry as 
seasoned timber. In the autumn of 1841, the tree bore 
pretty well, and in the following year a good crop, but 
as the Pear is at best a poor kind, and the tree shaded 
the garden too much, it was proposed to cut it down; 
but the owner was recommended first to try the expe- 
riment of grafting on it some better varieties: the dia- 
meter of the tree at the top of the part which had been 
deprived of its bark was about 17 inches, and the tree 
was divided at about five feet high into three branches. 
One of these, at the height of about eight feet six inches, 
which was ten inches in diameter, was first cut off, and 
crown-grafted in the spring of 1843, with six scions of 
the Easter Beurré, five of which lived, but made very 
little progréss until the second year, and they are now 
about two feet long ; at the same time a small shoot 
from one of the other branches, about one inch in dia- 
meter, was grafted with a: scion of the Beurré Bose, 
which grew very little im the first year, but has this 
season borne 10 Pears. In the spring of 1844, another 
braneh was eut off, and crown-grafted with five seions 
of the Marie Louise, at the height of ten feet, just above 
the last mentioned small shoot (on which the Beurré 
Bose was grafted) and the remaining large branch was 
then cut off close to the trunk ; the diameter of the 
branch at this last grafted part was about nime inches ; 
four of the last-named seions have taken, and have this 
year made vigorous shoots from one to two feet long.” 
Having thus stated the ease, he expresses sur- 
|prize that the tree should have lived at all, at the 
first period after its aecident, and enquires whether 
jin this instance, nourishment can possibly have been 
| conveyed through the trunk. 
Our correspondent is not aware that nourishment, 
that is to say sap for the nutrition of branches and 
leaves, is always carried upwards through the trunk, 
or wood, of trees, and never through the bark. The 
wonder therefore wae; not that sap should be carried 
upwards, because the channel of ascent was un- 
touched, but that the elaborated matter should have 
‘ound its*way downwards to sustain the lower part of 
the tree, and the,trunk itself, both which depend for 
their inerease, and indeed vitality, upon the 
branches above. But here, and in all such instances, 
we see an instance of the wonderful power whic 
Nature has given to trees for compensating for the 
effect of wounds by an inversion of the ordinary 
laws which govern the motion of their fluids. The 
fact no doubt was that at first the descending sap 
found its way downwards partly through the narrow 
strip of hark that was left, and partly through the 
alburnum or sap wood. And by degrees that strip 
widened and increased in bulk, till at last after some 
years it became large enough to re-establish fully 
the functions which the wound had suspended. 
We have a still more remarkable instance before 
us. In the year 1834 or 1835, a large old Mulberry 
tree was removed early in the month of September, 
when in fullleaf. It was not pruned: but replanted 
exactly as it was taken from its bed of earth. For 
a year or two it languished; and in the winter of 
1837 and 1838 apparently died. In the summer of 
1838 its bark became loose, and was removed, when 
it was found that on one side, for the breadth of an 
inch or two, it adhered firmly to the wood, and 
on that side of the tree two or three green twigs 
pushed forth. They, however, were sickly, and 
perished in the succeeding winter. Nevertheless 
this narrow strip of bark, which was at least 6 feet 
long, retained its vitality, and the next season pro- 
duced a few more shoots less feeble than the last, 
but still in miserable plight, At the same time the 
strip of bark took visibly a lateral extension. And 
thus the tree went on gradually forming branches of 
a more and more healthy kind, and spreading its 
living bark sideways, till now, at the time we are 
writing, a head of branches of some size has been 
formed, perfect in all their parts, evento the bearing 
of fruit, and the tree is re-established. That is to 
say, nineteen-twentieths of it died, but the remain- 
ing twentieth struggled onwards and eventually re- 
produced the tree. 
Our unskilful pen may ill describe the pheno- 
menon; but it is most remarkable, and in this 
respect analogous to the Holywell Pear tree, that 
a narrow strip of bark sufficed to restore to the tree 
its energies full and unimpaired. 
Many such cases might doubtless befound, all prov- 
ing that, under peculiar circumstances, plants have 
general adoption of these views was predicted with 
at Holywell, sends us an interesting account of 
the power of re-establishing themselves in a manner 
