88 THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[FEB. 7, 
fruiting-pots should take place successively also; as 
there is no doubt that this influences in a considerable 
degree the period of fruiting. The young stock, too, 
that have thoroughly filled their pots, at least a portion 
of them, might have a liberal shift, provided, as above 
stated, that pit-room is at hand. Like many of the 
Orchids, an early growth, with a long summer before 
them, is important. In all potting, use sound loamy 
turf, the newer and the rougher the better; when 
the soil is properly constituted, the water will steal 
instantly away, precisely in the spot where it 
falls without puddling the surface. Vinery.— Proceed 
as be/o:e recommended ; lessen the atmospheric mois- 
ture when the Vines are in blossom, and dispense alto- 
gether with syringing for a while; allow plenty of day 
heat with a lively circulation of air. Peach-house.— 
As last week; continue to make slow advances in heat 
on bright days. Cherries, Figs, &c.—Little can be 
added at present, but bear in mind the cautions about 
heat and moisture so often repeated. Cucumbers and 
‘Melons.—Make a successional sowing or two of each of 
these for fear of disappointment. 
plants of the early sowings may be planted in large pots 
or boxes, and placed in a light part of any warm struc- 
ture; 70° of heat andabund of heri 
1 1 Sun. 8 i 33 0.67 in. al — 
“surplus strong | Mon. 9| 43 0.30 12 
ecd ded Tues. J0| 45.4 8 0.28 23|12 
Wed. 11 | 44.8 u 0.34 3 | al— 
Thur.lg| 46.0 10 0.98 8 ?9|.—|- 
" Fri, 13| 45.5 9 0.30 12|1 
moisture, | šate 14 | 459 5 0.50 =} 1) 3} 
s? sA d "Al BH 
State of the Weather near London, for the week ending Feb. 5, 1845, às; | 
ural Garde: 'hiswick 
Min. » 
99.863 | 53 4 
99.804 | 65 49.5 a 
$9039 | l | 89 | 45.0 | N.W. | .52 
8 Overcast; fine; densely overcast at night 
4—Clear; very fine; partially overcast; heavy rain at night 
5—Clearing; very fine; overcast. 
Mean temperature of the week 7 deg. above the average. Z1 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 20 years, for the 
ensuing Week ending Feb. 14, 1846. 
“Prevailing Winds. 
i 
No. of | g É 
Aver. ver. ;Q| Greatest 
Feb. (Highest Lowest Mean) Years in) quantity 
Temp. | Temp. Temp) which it | of Rain. 
night and day, are the indis 
glass frames or pits at work must be kept washed and 
thoroughly clean : the importance of this in early forcing 
can never be overrated. Hang mats or other covering 
upon rails free from dirt. Keep at all times plenty 
of leaves and dung well blended, and in a state of high 
fermentation, ready for new beds, linings, &c.; a por- 
tion should be mixed once a week at this period. 
KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 
Sow Tomatoes in heat directly ; also Sweet Basil, 
Sweet-Marjoram, &e.; get your hand-glasses up imme- 
diately for Cauliflowers in pots ; enrich the stations very 
much, adding fresh loam also if at hand. Turn out 
four strong plants from the pots—one in each angle ; 
they should be well soaked with liquid manure previously. 
Get Seakale and Rhubarb for next year’s foreing planted 
immediately on rich ground, trenched ; throw a hillock 
of old tan, ashes, or sand, round each crown to coax 
them on through the vicissitudes of the weather in 
February and March. Plant Box edgings where requi- 
site, and thorouglily drain any portion of the garden 
which exhibits the least appearance of stagnation. Where 
water is apt to stand on the surface, through the pud. 
dling properties of heavy rains, try to improve the 
texture, by a dressing of sand, ashes, lime rubbish, 
charcoal dust, &c. &e. Plant Horse-radish, if not 
done; trench it deep in, placing manure at the 
bottom of the trench. | Orchard. — Get all planting 
finished as soon as possible, and stake and mulch, Re- 
member to drain thoroughly. Nowhere is this advice 
more necessary than in the orchard, although Apples 
and Pears are fond of adhesive soils, they will never 
prove profitable where water is allowed to aceumulate. 
Examine all old or overborne trees ; many trees of this 
character may be soon renovated by applying manure 
to the extremities of their roots ; as also by good top 
dressings, which should always be applied the moment 
the leaf begins to fall, in early autumn. Thin pruning 
is also of great use to Apples which are rather “ free 
setters ;" the same is also of great service to the Non- 
pareil class, to enable them to perfect both fruit and 
wood, 
FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES, 
Continue to make the necessary preparations for 
clumps or masses, by sweetening or renewing the soil. 
Plant out things of biennial character, in masses, where 
requisite; in borders the re-arrangement of peren- 
nials had better stand over until the latter begin to bud 
in March. Lose no time in finishing the planting of 
trees or shrubs. 
COTTAGERS’ GARDENS, 
Sowing.—A few Broad Beans may be put in anda 
few Peas, if not done before; and do not forget a 
sprinkling of Radish amongst the early Carrots ; in fact, 
with most broadeast crops a sprinkling of Radish or 
Lettuce may be put in through the spring. The Thou- 
sand-headed Cabbage is one of the most valuable greens 
for the eottager with which I am acquainted. I sawa 
crop of an aere or more, a few days since, and the quan- 
tity and earliness of them was truly surprising. The 
proprietor assured me that it was quite as bardy as 
Kale. His maxim is to have two or three seed beds; 
say one in February, another in Mareh, and a third in 
April. From these he fills every inch of spare ground 
through the summer, whieh is not wanted for other 
erops. The greater proportion of these plants would 
weigh from 12 to 20 lbs. Hardy shrubs of all kinds 
may now be inereased by suckers or euttings, and trees 
or shrubs removed where necessary. A little Spinach 
may be sown, likewise Mustard or Cress in a warm 
corner. Plant out a few Red Cabbages for pickling. 
FO + 
Little more need be added I presume about coppices, 
making new plantations, &e., as much of this business 
will have been already accomplished or in progress. In 
the Nursery, year-old seedlings of Quick, Larch, &c. 
may be drawn where strong, ‘and transplanted to 
ease the beds. Make good preparations for sowing the 
forest seeds; trench and manure well and let the 
ground be well broken If possible have some charred 
refuse at hand, and either cover with it, or work it into 
the surface. Seeds of forest trees answer exceedingly 
well after vegetable crops, if not too scourging, Potatoes 
excepted ; those left in the ground area great plague to 
the young seeds. 
make new ones. 
Plash or otherwise dress hedges, or 
"The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the loch 
1881—therm.65'; and the lowest on the ilth, 1845—therm. 3?belowze:o, — " 
Notices to Correspondents. 
Bzrs—J W H—In bad seasons and in some localities bees may 
noteolleet more honey than they want themselves, indee 
sometimes not enough; but in good seasons with plenty of 
pasturage they have some to spare, which may be obtained 
from capes or small hives placed on the top of common hives. 
The additional room ought to be given to old stocks about 
the middle of April or 1st of May, according to the season : 
but if they repeat swarming little honey can be expected 
from them. In general, strong early swarms produce the 
most honey, and the capes ought to be on a little before the 
hives are filled with combs. When this plan fails it is be- 
the hives are weak, not from any evil effects it has 
upon the bees. The Grecian or bar-bive is good for general 
use ; it may be made by placing bars across an inverte: 
mon hive, having the top cut off for a bottom. In fixi 
bars, let them correspond as near si 
arrangement of combs in a deserted hive. (See p. 104, 1845.) A 
ng the 
Cements — Try the Portland cement sold by Messrs. White 
& Sons, of Millbank-street ; the best of all cements for hy- 
draulie purposes. 
LAss—An Old Correspondent must excuse us. We really can- 
notinterfere any further. The glass he has sentis of very 
superior quality, and such as a good price must be paid for. 
Werepeat that good foreign glass, sold in the boxes as im- 
ported, may be had at 43d. a foot, or even as low as 33d. if 
the Belgian glass is taken. Of course a higher price must 
be paid for small quantities or for picked samples. He 
8. 
should write to the various advertiser: 
GrAziNG—F S A—Grey glass will do very well, unless you want 
to force plants, or to keep them growing during winter. In 
that case we cannot recommend it. 
GLYCINE sixENSIS— 6. S—It is better to give this a south-east 
or eastern exposure than a south wall, for on the latter the 
flowers remain a much shorter time in perfection, and their 
colour is also liable to be injured by the sun. Plant now in 
tolerably rich soil.f 
Heatinc—J P—Of course you haye not succeeded. The inner 
wall intercepts al! the heat. Pigeon-hole that to the bottom, 
and you will gain your point. The meaning of Mangold 
Wurzel is not what you suppose, as has been fully explained 
ZZZ 
in our volume for 1844, p. 188.—Z Z Z—Polmaise may 
applied at the end, as well as the back of a house. Wait a 
little, however, till the best kind of stove is settled. That is 
important. 
HorwaTER PrPEs—.Lusor— Macintosh's patent washers are 
really washers—that is to say, flat and circular, with the 
centre cut out. 
Insrcrs—A Z—We should rather attribute the spots on your 
Carnation leaves to a damp atmosphere than to any ingredi- 
entin the covering of the frame, but this is a subject well 
deserving of your attention. R.——R W—It is the larva of 
some fly, which will only feed upon decomposing -vegetable 
substances, If you can rear the flies from them, we will tell 
you their names. R.—— M D— Please to favour us with 
ceed. R.——Gooseberry Caterpillars—There are several sorts, 
those which are the offspring 
(Gard. Chron. i., 615), may be shaken off and destroyed ; but 
the worst pest, the larvæ of a saw-fly, called Nematus trima- 
culatus (G. C. i., 548), are not so easily disposed of. It is 
this confounding of different species which often leads partie 
e best modes of extirpation. R.——P M—In 
ty the gnats were bred from some Boletus pecu- 
liar to the Birch-tree. R.— Caterpillars on Peaches and Nec- 
tarines-—The eggs deposited in rings on the branches d 
produce the maggots which live in the leaves and s 
together, but are laid by the Lackey Moth (Gard. Chron. iii., 
244), The caterpillars often infest Apple-trees, and do con- 
siderable damage. 
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA — G S—You may plant your Mag- 
nolias now; a south wall is preferred for them; The ob- 
jection to an east wall is, that the leaves are apt to be cut by 
the dry cold N. E. winds of spring; and that in a wet 
summer like that of last year the wood will not ripen so 
fully as on a south exposure. is not necessary to mat 
them up if near London orto the south of it. They like a 
good loam.$ 
MANURE—J G—We can hardly suppose the contents of the 
tank to require dilution. Try it upon some worthless thing 
in the first instance.——H G B—You cannot separate salt 
from guano. e doubt whether your suspicion is well 
founded—it ought not to be. 
Names or Prants—A B—Your root is English Mercury, or 
Wild Spinach ; the Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus. Plant it 
on a rubbish heap, and gather the leaves while young and 
tender.——John Moore—Certainly, Lelia acuminata ; we have 
not received any previous note.——A K—Those who wish for 
“very accurate answers” should furnish examinable speci- 
mens, Ferns without fructification, or very young specimens, 
arenotso. We cannot undertake to name other kinds of 
Cryptogams. 
Oxcuips— Henry—As a general rule, Dendrobiums require 
es 
much heat and moisture, Oncidiums the same heat but less 
moisture, and Cattleyas less ofeach, But these rules are not 
quired for O. Carthaginense would kill O. bifolium ; Cattleya 
Forbesii will thrive where C. Skinneri will die; and in like 
manner Dendrobium pulchellum demands an amount of 
heat and moisture which are unnecessary, and indeed in- 
jurious to D. aureum. You should study the climate of the 
‘countries and localities from which the species come, if you 
wish for a sure guide. Copper wire baskets, placed between 
the forks of your Oak-tree, will, doubtless, answer for either 
Cattleyas or Zygopetalums, insomuch as the peat in them 
may be renewed at pleasure. Your apparatus for supplying 
a humid atmosphere is very suitable ; it will be sufficient in 
winter, but in summer, when the plants are in a vigorous 
state, they will require to be syringed every day. Rough 
sand, washed quite clean, will answer your purpose. § 
Packine SEEDS, &c—. ‘reenfield—Whitethorn-seeds to be 
sent to the United States may be packed in canvas bags, in 
which they may be transmitted with success, provided they 
are thoroughly dried previous to being packed. In order the 
better to insure this, some bury the haws in the ground till 
the outer coat is rotted eff, and then taking them uw 
washing them, thoroughly dry them in the sun; this is, 
however, perhaps unnecessary, only in the former case the: 
will require more drying. As to plants, they will travel well 
enough packed in the usual nursery fashion, or in old flour- 
casks, which would possibly be the safest as well as the 
cheapest plan, They may be sent in November or December, 
P 
Léon le Clerc, Excellente de Coloma, Aston Town, Flemish 
Chiselis a small early summer Pear. he Beurré Spence, 
and Brown Ashton are not distinctly known; perhaps the 
former is the Beurré Diel, and the latter the Aston Town. 
The Soldat-Laboureur is quite new in this country. You 
may dispense with the Epine d’Hiver and Virgouleuse. The 
mainder are‘good late varieties. 5 
PorxAisE HzATING— We have so many letters on this subject, 
that we must entreat our correspondents to bear in min 
two things—firstly, that there is no object in publishing in 
other words what has been published in substance already ; 
and secondly, that nobody pretends that hot-water apparatus 
is objectionable or inefficient: when, therefore, J. W., G. P., 
&c., attack the advocates of the plan for proposing the Pol- 
maise as a better method of heating than hot water, they are 
fighting shadows. It is brought forward as a much cheaper 
method, quite as good for some purposes, It is in that point 
of view that we press it on the attention of the public; and 
its adversaries will ere long find their mistake. T 
Roses—L F—The following are suitable for pot culture, viz., 
Belle Allemande, Augustine Margot, Caroline, Pauline Plan- 
tier, Reine Carmine, Eliza Sauvage, Bougere, Comte de Paris, 
Charles Duval, Dévoniensis, Bourbon Queen, and General 
ar 
Sroves—Jean Baptiste’s note is forwarded to M. B 
Vine Bo: ns—G £—Your border will be too dry in summer, 
the surface being so much curved, unless you keep it ridged 
during that season so as to prevent the water from running 
off. Instead of straw, better lay tough sward over your 
bottom drainage.ll 
Misc—Paul Pry—All Arnott’s stoves are liable to explode, if 
coal ig used, unless they are well managed ; you should em- 
ploy coke. The self-adjusting thermometer is useless, If 
you add back sashes, you will certainly improve your house. 
Your proposed ventilators would do od, but perhaps not 
enough. Can't you warm your air in its passage into the 
house? Buddlea Lindleyana is as hardy as a Fuchsia. 
plants are benefited by liquid manure of one sort or other 
judiciously applied—even Heaths themselves ; but many will 
bear only a very little. No rules can be advantageously 
given for such operations, you must have experience. We 
There! we are out of breath 
e are unacquainted with Willison’s Tom Thumb 
Rose. The possessors must advertise it, we cannot.—— Vo 
Gardener—1 and 2, scarlet Verbenas and Lobelia ramosa; 
3, Pelargoniums ; 4 and 5, a Fuchsia in the centre of each, 
surrounded by miscellaneous fancy flowers of a. 
abit. You are misinformed ; they are not stone but com- 
position, and the best that are made.—Eddiva—The most 
appropriate evergreen tree for a g 
the upright and the horizontal will 
the latter is the handsomest. A Deodar would also be a 
very proper tree, as it is held sacred in its own country, and 
its weeping branches will always droop over the ashes of the 
JR C K—lt is useless to steep seeds in any 
them as barriers to the ocean. 
leaved Poplar is the Ontario.—— Alethro — When Laurel 
leaves becomes white, the plant that bears them is un- 
healthy; the appearance is most common in cold un- 
drained land,—— Will Mr. Marchant oblige Mr. Malleson by 
is address, which is lost.—— T D oss 
should not be allowed to accumulate on Apricot trees, nor on 
i e. owis a good time to dig in manure 
bove the roots of such fruit-trees as require it, and to the 
extent of the extremities of the roots. An account of the re- 
sults ,of your autumn-planted diseased Potato sets will be 
very acceptable.||—Hortensis—It is not advisable to graft 
very early and late sorts of Pears on the same tree, nor strong 
and weak growers; but you may graft, as you propose, the 
Marie Louise and the Jargonelle; under the circumstances 
you ‘mention, you cannot do better. If the surface of the 
road which is over the roots be made firm,the tree will thrive 
notwithstanding, provided you adopt such means as will en- 
sure sufficient moisture for the roots in summer. The natural 
habit of the Currant is that of a shrub, and if you force it to 
assume the form of a standard tree,the growth will be weak- 
ened, and the fruit smaller, of course. ||——-W H A—If you 
will refer to our volume for 1844 (pp. 72, 120, 508, and 836), 
you will find select lists of Cape puis which will possibly 
[s 
purpose. vottish Subsoriber — At 
elevation of 800 feetabove the level of the sea, scarcely an; 
Beauty.——Tippoo 
a good time to take off grafts. Of transparent Apples there 
are several kinds, all, we believe, of Russian origin, They 
require a very warm summer to become transparent,——A Z 
—Filberts are root-pruned by merely digging down around 
them and severing the large coarse roots ; it may be done now. 
——J K—Bean-stalks may be used with propriety, as bottom- 
ing for a hotbed.|| 
SEEDLING FLOWERS, 
CiNERARIAS—Lysion—Y our seedling is an extremely pretty 
variety, the petals being equally divided between the white 
ground and crimson tips, with a das mazarine blue, 
gives the flower a very lively appearance.*——4 B— There is 
not sufficient novelty in your seedling to make it desirable to 
, a Subscriber—There is no improvement 
out,*—. 
either in the form or colour of your flower: it is very 
common, 
