158 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
that those being left in the filter may be easily conveyed | 
to the soil, and thus the immense labour of carriage be 
avoided. "Professor Johnston says :— 
«That a method for thus extracting the virtues of 
liquid manure may be of use; several conditions are 
required. Thus— 
«1°, It must be perfectly efficient. If a method 
were recommended which should merely separate one 
portion of the substances or one kind of matter from 
liquid manure, while it left the rest behind, it would 
only lead to a more general waste than now exists, in 
sò far as it would induce many to believe that, a part 
being thus extracted, the fluid which was left might be 
allowed more freely to run to waste. 
«9°, 1t must be easy of execution. A process which 
involves much trouble would not generally be adopted 
by practical men, and if it were difficult to perform, it 
would be imperfectly done. These drawbacks would 
cause the method to fail; it would consequently fall into 
disrepute, and the advantages of scientific knowledge 
and ey would sink in publie estimation, 
«39, The materials cau gor the purpose must be 
dieci cheap, and easil ible everywhere. 
This is the most difficult agaon to fulfil, and it pre- 
sents the greatest bar to the introduction of any 
economically useful method of effeeting the object in 
vie 
do "The only substance at present known, by which the 
Separation of all the valuable ingredients from liquid 
manure can be fully effected, is en aroa A 
sufficient supply of this ly 
mixed with the liquid manure, will Pius Ab nearly the 
whole of the saline and colouring matters it holds in 
solution, will carry down the substances it holds in sus- 
pension, and will leave the water nearly pure and 
colourless. The refuse of the prussiate of potash 
manufactories will have this effect, and what remains 
when ivory black is digested in spirit of salt (muriatic 
acid) will do still better. But this kind of charcoal is 
neither cheap nor abundant, and therefore cannot be 
recommended to general use. The refuse animal char- 
coal of our manufactories is now sold as a manure, at 
the price of several pounds a ton ; either those who sell 
or those who use it might render it still more valuable 
by causing fermenting liquid manure to filter through | 4 
it before it is applied t to the land, 
* But other kinds of charcoal possess this property 
to a certain extent. Wood charcoal reduced to powder, 
charred saw-dust, and charred peat, are all capable of 
being used with advantage in extracting the ammoniacal 
and other salts which give its value to the liquid of our 
farm-yards. [Experiment has shown that, when filtered 
through a bed of such charcoal, the liquid escapes with- 
out colour and almost without taste, while the charred 
peat or saw-dust is itself converted into fertilizing 
manure. Wherever such charcoal, therefore, can be 
obtained in abundance and at little cost by the practical 
farmer, this mode of employing it may be both useful 
and profitable to him. Saw-dust or peat may also be 
mixed with earth and charred, when the heap, after 
being several times drenched with liquid manare, will 
be converted into a valuable compost. 
“Still it will be uncertain that the liquid thus 
freated has been deprived of all the fertilizing sub- 
stances it contains. Even when it passes off perfectly 
transparent, colourless, and without smell, it often, in- 
deed almost always, EN in solution both organie 
and inorganie substances, which are useful to the plant. 
That it contains soluble organic matter is shown by its 
again becoming muddy, and fermenting, when allowed 
to stand for a considerable time, while the inorganic or 
saline substances are ey detected by evaporating 
the clear liquid to dryne: 
«However beneficial, (eee the use of such forms 
of charcoal may be, we can scarcely consider it, in al- 
most any circumstances, as likely to effect a saving of 
the whole of the valuable matters contained in our liquid 
manure. A great portion of the loss now incurred may 
be prevented | by the use of such kinds of charcoal, and 
the fertilizing substances may, through their means, be 
applied to our crops, at seasons of the year for which, 
in the liquid form, they are not suited—still the applica. 
tion of the whole liquid to the land would return to the 
soil more of what the crops had carried off, and would 
thus keep it nad in a state of fertility didi the 
aid of foreign manu 
* Various other Etnie have been recommended 
and used for the purpose of extracting from the liquid 
of the farm-yards, from-urine, and from the water of 
our common sewers, the different chemical compounds 
they are known to hold in solution. Thus, burned and 
powdered gypsum, when intimately mixed with such 
liquids, falls for the most part to the bottom, earrying 
with it a greater or less proportion of the matters which 
the water had previously dissolved, This powder, when 
colleeted and dried, forms the principal part of what is 
known in the manure-market under the name of urate, 
and is more or less valuable according to circumstances. 
But it always leaves in the liquid much more than it 
extracts from it, and hence goes but a little way in 
saving what the liquid manures contain. 
“Again, if alum orsulphate of magnesia, (Epsom salts,) 
or sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of iron, (green vitriol,) | ™ 
be mixed with fermenting urine or tank-stuff, a 
powdery matter, more or Tess dense, will fall to the | 
bottom, which will contain the phosphates and a portion | 
of the other saline and even of the organie constituents 
of the liquid. This powder, therefore, may be used as | 
manure, either alone, or, what is better, in admixture 
with other fermenting manure ; but all these substances | 
leave most of the valuable salts in the water behind 
them, aud, therefore, besides their cost, are open to the 
objeetion ‘that they do not prom ‘the purpose for 
which they have been emplo: 
“This latter objection dis ‘more strongly to slaked 
lime, which does indeed carry down much of what the 
liquid holds in suspension and in solution, such as the 
phosphates and much of the organic matter, but it 
leaves behind all the ammonia, and even decompo ses 
the an whieh those liquids 
contain, and CERT their elements to be more speedily 
disper sed through the air. 
n the whole, therefore, it does not appear that at 
vesent we are likely to obtain any means of completely, 
easily, and cheaply separating the fertilizing ingredients 
of our tank-stuff from the water in which they are dis- 
Solved. It is not likely, indeed, that any generally 
available means will be soon discover ed by whieh these 
fertilizing substances can be wholly extracted in a dry 
form equal in manuring value to the liquids themselves 
as they flow from our farm-yards. 
* The method of absorbing the whole liquid by par- 
tially dried peat, and thus adding to the quantity of 
fermented manure at the disposal of ‘the farmer, is per- 
haps a better, as it is certainly an easier way, of using 
up the liquid manure where peat abounds, than the 
method of using eharred peat to separate its constituents. 
This method is very extensively employed both in Ire- 
land and in Scotland, the only objection being, that the 
manure is not so portable as that which may ie obtained 
by the use of peat in a half charred state. The use of 
peat, indeed, in our dung-heaps cannot be too generally 
recommended. It prevents the escape of ammoniacal 
and other volatile substanees, it absorbs disagreeable 
odours, and renders the neighbourhood of dunghills less 
unpleasant and unwholesome. It is probably owing to 
the copious use of peat in this way that so little injury 
arises to the health of the peasantry of Ireland and o: 
parts of Scotland, from the dung-pit so often seen before 
the doors or beneath the windows í of their cottages,” 
Notices to DON 
Rourat OnzxrsTY, by Edward Solly, Esq., F.R.S.— 
vente with additions, is reprinting, and will be wna dn a 
regret our inability to 
e defect arises from the orifices of 
t. fo let the udder Ee too full. John 
the author of a work on Cattle, has been dead 
ny y his pubUsiees i also, we have no doubt. His 
Bots on Cattle is only to be met with at old nae EN If |. 
you wish a copy, please E us your a address, W. 
fy oDIRSoR. 
Erexp Pr SYSTEM- fason—You will find very good 
s in some of the [d Numbers of last year’s Agricultural 
Gazette, If you have not the Paper, we will reprint them. 
FiELD LAWN—E V—The following RU s acre will answer 
your purpose :— Alop CUR Brat en: 2 1bs.; Anthoxan- 
thum odoratum, 4; Dact; s glomerata, à 
3; F. pratensi: E ed ra, 2; PRIUS op EN 
Lolium italieum, 3 ; Phleum ULIS ; Poa mortis 
3; Poa trivialis, 3 3; Trifolium pratense perenne, 3 Tri: 
lium dene, 5; in all 38Jbs., and one iR of Barley 
Fork NDRY— Jr. tephens— -Could you favour u s with a 
detailed echulit of your experience. The figure Mid refer- 
ence is published in the Number for Dec. 13, 1845. See 
** Notices to >, Correspondents, 
—R A J—We would apply it in the case of Potatoes, 
brosdenst i in dew weather over the PRU god the young 
g 
shoo , in the e of Turnips, 
broa adeast j i y "land E seed. 
of Peruvian guano will be needed per acre; turn 
3 it 
oat oF the bags, End. it small, ae Sow it by ena broad- 
ast. 
Maxon paar FOR TunNIS—Y X—Do you know the 
€ drill for two rows? We understand thatit je ae 
ery well. Sbperphosphate of lime may be procured 
Deptford Cre 
—You had betteni Pare and burn it, qu dig it ard 
E iu and cultivate them well this year. 
d, and you ean lay Ë mu next T3 
Ranunculus repens—Creeping Crowfoot. 
TUnE— W R—On a light gray sa soil, we would 
take out of your list the Creeping Bent-grass, the Crested 
Dog's-tail, dhe Yellow (Oat grass, and Rough Meadow-grass, 
and add some Comm n Rye grass. pile list would then 
stand tide Meadow d Foxtal E ck’s-foot, 4; Meadow 
Fescue, 3; Shee tka ce Fran s E 2 Sio in 
Meadow-grass, Common. Rye- Ms 
White Clover, 5; ; Hop "I'refoll, As with iud e Dustiels ‘of 
ERIS 
3 
—A B—See Article ** pole Martin Doyle's Husbandry, 
Pr in Johnson’ s Ene; dia of ae and Article 
“Hog” in Ruam’s REUS of the Fa; 
LLL EG 
Parkers, 
SMITHFIELD, MoNDAY, Mar. 2.—Por stone of 8 Ibs. 
net tup m patada di eave Downs & Half-ireds, 5s HO 
4 5 
Best Short Horn 310 4 0| Bost Long-wools 2 
E quality Beasts Bo 3 Bean wond quality 4 HN 
Calvo - Fig 50 
. 210. 
les aro, realy disposed 
i Some faw of thi 
a an 
Sheep is the shortest thar has been Yhown dor several 
ing, trade is heavy—bs 6d for the best Downs, and 5» dd $ 
Woke, are ‘extra 
e best, Long- 
me quotations. Veal trace le dup. S pos leon money.— 
ork trade continues heavy. 
RIDAY, Mar, 6. 
The supply of Beef is short: trade ls r & best Scote, &ey 
make from spad vo 496, and shorc-horns: és to 4« iH Second. quality, dn to 
igh. 
. We have: again a very scanty show of sen «and prices are 
The best, Downs Šon 15s, dd to os dd; West Td, ber Q9 bj 
8d.— is alto dearer; a 
improved by ris scarcity of other Pore 
Beasts, 578; Sheep, 2300; Calvei 
Vade 
range from 4s 
to 5a 4d. 
106; Pigs, 203, 
|» Went Smitbfiald. - 
HOPS. Fumar) Mar. 6. 
We have no alteration tonutice in the Hop ‘market since last weeks)! The 
Es Continues fcr immediate consumpiion, 
Parreypen & Suita, Hop-Feotors. 
COVENT GARDEN, Mancn 7.—In consequence e of | the con- 
tinuance of mild weather, the supply of Vegetables during the 
week has been rather on the increase. Fruit is also sufficient 
ee Pine Apples aj 
Arum lent 
ful. eign Grapes are sufficient for ihe’ demand ; d a few. 
aie tious Gr apes have also made their appearane: ces UY chief 
novelty at Mein in the market, however, is some fine look ing 
samples of Strawberries ; 
ET Seedling. The best samples of 
about i 
interior ‘sorts may be obt: 
price; "ur jum E Sei Dum 
samples may be pr sere ae are sit 
Little alteration has taken 
8 
[pied Seakale and 
Rhubarb are excellent in quality, The ‘supply of Broccoli, 
Brussels Sprouts, and other pinter. Greens, is good, Large 
white Bro fi nwall, stom 1s, to 3s, per dozen. 
heads. Excellent olet duy, D [un ied at Inst week's um 
Potatoes, of the best quality, meet with a as isk sale 
ton; but in consequence of the abundance of oth 
trade for inferior samples is Chi obey continues to be 
fone ance Lettuces and other Salading are good and plenti- 
ful ut Flowers chiefly consist of TORSK; Heaths, 
Hya ints Tulips, | Foingottié puleherr may jasmines, Lily of 
the alley, Pen nea, Camellias zaleas, Acacias, 
MS Dap! e Grange flowers, rese. Cine- 
rarias, Gatadiiag) and Ros 
6 
nuns 
Lemons, qe Agen, 16 tome 
s to 1d 
ve n POLN 
Bilberi [e 001bs., 408 to 608 
Notes Lob, per 10! ofi 5 504 to 70s 
Spay per 1b., 9a to 1s 
gal, p. 1b., han bs 
Apples, Deva per bush. AH te 163 
Kitchen, 2s to 7s 6d 
Oranges, per dozen, ue 2: 6d 
per 100, 4s th 1 = 
Seville, per 100, 2 fo 180 — 
— per dozen, 9s to 2s | Chesnais, p 
| Peares per bt 
VEGETABLES 
Cabbages, per doz, Gd to Par; 7 doz, Bd ti 
er doz gad to 8s Scor a HRS per bs s 8d 
Brussels $ E, hfav, 1s tols6d | Salsi em dm wen 
VOYS, per doz.j 6d to Ls Bi 
Broveoll Arva, per bale. Gd to le 3d 
hite, 9d to & 6d 
Greens, per doz. binches,1s 6d to 3 
Yrench Beans, per 100, diode 
1; perhf.-sieve, 9d t. 
Potatoes, periton, yir to 170» 
Almonds, 1 
NT 
pock, 4s to 8s 
Y» 68 to 158 
Ver SCOE T 6d: 
on, 708 to N festos! per 6, Cab., 4d to 6d 
TELJ Cos, 6d to 1, 
busied; ar to Radishes, per T9 handa 1o tede 
Kidney, per del Baro das IMAO weit portes 6d to le 8d 
dne: 
T vnlg per dóz,,l Small Salad 
; Der doze, 64 a i6. Fennel, per lunch, 2d to 
Bl t avory, per bunch, 4d to 6d 
x punnet, 9d to 3d 
à Be 0 8d 
ores Radish, yor bundle; 1a 62 to 5» | Thymes, 8, per bu 
vs 
fieakale, per punnet, 8d to n; bun, 64 1092 
Rhubarb, per bundle, 6d to 15 34 dta 
bundle, 3s er is le 
Ta eh, 
Mine, Broen, per bunch, ; 64 to 8d 
Marjoram, per bunch, 4 
Messen, rà Punnet, 4d to 84. 
Nu TOES, NL RE ES Ma 2. 
lerate, and many of ths Jate arrivals had quick passages, 
^in gonsequence of which shomt nf thi acne havo arrived in good conditio 
ind the demand oe York and Scotch Beda bas been belaka and better prives 
B ns 
ea, of Blues orroocamnan Wisivenstroske any country. Prices 
ows suede Saba '80s to Hg n ton; ditto Regents 7 Tosto 1108 
She per ntrose Butts and sd 8, 708 
Versey, Blues, 70s par sons, ruo Shaws, for, Sis 90s to 10s p 
Prime Mead.Hay f0»to 928 | New Hay -8 i0. —s 
Infr.New& Rowen 50 70 | Clover 85 60 Dc MC 
35 
Coorxn, Salesman, 
CUMBERLAND MARKET, ie 
Prime Mond. Hay | 90st0 2 [tn Clover 1108 to 1 
7 80 
ay 
Inferior Inferior do. 90. 105 | Straw 
ew Clover — 
Josva Batan; Hay Salesman, 
WHITECHAPEL, Mar, 6, si 
Sosto 90s | Old Clover Atd coins 
63 0 94 1 sw 98s to 34s 
838 to 363 
Fine Old Hay - 
Inferior Hay - 
Ne ew Glover 
ARK-LANE, Moxbas, TT 2, 
Cette 
5s ent, and Suffolk, was again s 
ifar qualities reran 
parently neglected, 
changed hands on Aen l 
an it has, 
e quotations for white P eas ls, t 
ra 
s. per and 
y.—The Siua of Trish Qai a ord] 
but Seite T scarce are unalter: AOL Mon 
, PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. $. $ $85 
Wheat, Buen ae and Suffolk ite 68 66 Re 1150 
folk, Lincolnshire, and Yi r 3 White 59 63 
Barle, ; Malting and disti dise Seton Chevalior 5:84 Grind. 98 95 
Oats, Lincolnshire and. Yorks! + Polands 92? 94 Feed 91’ 93 
— Nore! einer d Sion i Feed 95 Potato 93.98 
tish, 3 Potato 24 $7 
Malt, ale, ship” 4 
vüordand Emex^ D 
A 
D a E 
Ss 
8 
D 97 
Ü ay a i And new s 42 Harrow "32 44 
— Pigeon, Heine prn 48 Ia i 
Foe, wells us quo du. 36 
FRIDA 
The arrivals of all descriptions o 
been moderate ; 
bi 
ffi 
Oat trade is firm, and holders endeavouring to obtain 4 E slight 
advance, 
IMPERIAL AvERAGES, 
eat. |Barley.| Oats. | Rye. s.j Penn" 
Spat” depsr dace Ebo oie, Salt Od da "ae Lo 
is ug | 54 8! 81-a| 2110 | a9 o 85 8; 
Feb, 4 0. ve ye weeral, 8040-1 BI) 7 omes [n i| eee a! 
— 4, . .|549|.80 6| 2 9| a2 7| 24 9 85. 7k 
= Re Os | 85 o| 2911) m1 | ae10| se 9| 34/8 
- AEAEE h. 29 7 5 3 2| 85 2: 
S weeks’ Aggreg, Aver. 54 9| 30 8| s1 8| sa 4| as 3| 95 6 
nForalgn Grain 18 a| aal an ga 7 € 
Dian Showing the fexuations in he price of Con 
six weeks ending Saturday, Feb, 21, 
58a 6d 
67 11 
b6 3 
— 2 
55 7 
- 4 
m 
54 9 
-8B 
— 
sig 
2 
Kirwosrorp AND Late 
| 
