* bloom. 
11.—1846.] 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 
i57 
half-a-crown for each fasciculus of six plates, is extremely 
, reasonable. 
A few only of the more recent discoveries have been 
figured in the supplementary numbers of English 
botany, and the gleanings of British Algæ, and matter 
of the most interesting deseription is daily coming in 
from various quarters, so as to make such a work abso- 
lutely necessary, besides which, the greater part of our 
more common Algee have never been illustrated in a 
manner agreeable to the present state of Algology. The 
curious fructification of the common Fucus vesiculosus, 
though partly discovered many years ago at Appin, by 
the late Capt. Carmichael, without the aid of improved 
lenses, is probably unknown to many botanists ; and 
the same may be said of many points which have not 
been clearly understood till very lately. More than a 
third of the species in the three Numbers which have 
appeared have not before been figured, and some are 
very recent acquisitions to the British flora. 
We are sorry that Mr. Harvey does not include the 
fresh-water species within his plan, as, notwithstanding 
the excellence of many of Mr. Hassall’s figures, there is 
still much room for illustration as regards synonymes 
and affinities, and we fear that the late attempts by 
Kiitzing and others to place the genera upon some 
surer footing, are caleulated to aggravate the difficul- 
ties which attend their study rather than to relieve 
them. 
New Garden x 
1. EripgNDRUM navosum. Freckled Epidendrum. 
Stove Epiphyte. (Orchids.) Oaxaca, Mrs. Law- 
rence. 
Saa Onan. — Pseudo-bulbs oval, 3-leaved along the sides. 
Leaves leathery, lanceolate, spreading, about 3 inches long. 
D ane longer than the leaves, erect; raceme drooping, close, 
D ong narrow braets not much shorter than the ovar 
epals and petals white, alike in form and size, linear-lanceo- 
ate, turned to one side. Lip oval, free, a little m. wed 
at the base, quite entire, with glandular or warted veins and 
midrib; yellow with numerous purple freckl Jin: 
This pretty little species has flowered in the collection 
f Mrs. Lawrenee, who received it from Mexico along 
with Barkerias, Lælias, and other plants. It is nearly 
allied to the Barkerias, which are apparently only a 
form of the genus Epidendrum, or, at least, hardly dis- 
tinet from the Eneyclium division, from which they are 
principally distinguished by the absence of pseudo-bulbs 
The freckled appearance of the yellow lip is very r 
markable. Mr. Robertson informs us that the spe 
men sent us had been in flower upwards of two months. 
=J. L. 
S. 
18. SingNE Scuarra, The Sehafta. Hardy Perennial. 
Siberia. 
to te a beautiful little herbaceous 
plant, producing a great number of spreading slender 
downy stems, which fori compact’ tufts, and are 
terminated near the extremity by four or five brigbt 
purple flowers more than an inch long. Of these 
flowers, that at the extremity of the shoot opens first. 
and those below it one after the other in succession, so 
that the branches are by degrees covered all over with 
blossoms. Its stems do not rise above 6 inches high, 
and render it well suited for bedding out, or for culti- 
vating in pots among collections of Alpines, or for decorat- 
ing roekwork. It growsin any richsoil, and isinereased 
by seeds, which are produced freely, and flowers from the 
end of June to October : the young plants from seed 
will not bloom before the second season. This species 
must be regarded asa very handsome small plant for 
rockwork, and very desirable on account of its blooming 
profusely and for a long time in the autumn,—Journal 
of Horticultural Society, 
Garden Memoranda. 
_ Messrs. Godwin's Nursery, Market Drayton.—In 
visiting this establishment we were struck on inspecting 
ahouse appropriated to the forcing of Roses, amongst 
numerous others to see the Persian Yellow in great 
perfection, its fine glossy dark green foliage contraste 
finely with the dark rich gold yellow of its flowers, which 
were very double and perfect. It had been observed 
during the last Rose season in the open borders, both 
at Messrs. La ne’s and Rivers’, very good, but its adap- 
SELMA ceing has been doubted ; any doubt, how- 
us n this Score will be entirely removed on seeing 
‘pecimen in question, the blooms of which were 
and every way or to those seen in 
B that it proves itself a valuable acqui- 
l over of forced Roses. This specimen 
mro ae Me loopis principally near the ends of the 
benut » of th im some measure detracted from the 
PAR, the plant. This, however, Messrs. G. 
thought might have been enti Het haa tHo 
BA A E, i „entirely obviated had the 
ends o! ois been trained or bent down so as to 
have. checked the vapid flow of the sap to the ex- 
tremities, and, quently, have predisp it to 
have B out à more regular and liberal supply of 
. Paul Joseph (Bourbon) seems to force well, 
and with its rich deep velvety crimson hue, offered a 
striking contrast to the preceding, by the side of which 
it stood ; its habit, however, is rather too stiff, and it 
is apparently of less vigorous growth than is desirable. 
lybrid Perpetual Comte d'Eu with its fiery carmine 
flowers seems to force equally well. ‘This evidently 
belongs to’ the Bourbon group, and with a free and 
graceful habit, and exuberant foliage, is certainly one 
of the most beautiful of Roses; the head of this was 
regularly covered with bloom, and it seems particularly 
Well adapted for pot culture. ^ Bourbon Gloire de 
Paris was also fine, but theré was somewhat too much 
|ofadingy purple tinge in its petals to render it an 
| universal favourite. Amongst the most prominent of 
| this group was the old favourite Queen of the Bourbons. 
| This forces remarkably well, and for the rapid repro- 
duction of its flowers throughout the entire season 
stands unrivalled. Reine des Vierges was not suffi- 
ciently advanced to warrant an opinion of its merits. 
Lady Alice Peel (Perpetual) is most beautiful, and 
forces admirably, producing an abundance of perfectly 
formed blooms, and emitting an inimitable fragrance. 
It was, however, difficult to single out those most beau- 
tiful, as there are now so many fine varieties in these 
i ing classes, partieul Hybrid Perpetuals, and 
Bourbons. The house in which they are growing is 
heated by hot-water pipes. The method of propagating 
them here is in a mixture of chareoal-dust and silver- 
sand, with apparently good results.—Z. JL. 
Miscellaneous. 
Suggestions about Cabbages.—An article in the 
Trish Farmers’ Journal of the 10th December, 1845, 
condemns the practice of leaving on all the sprouts on 
the stumps of Cabbages when the heads are cut off; 
and recommends, “that when the sprouts begin to come, 
they should be all rubbed off but the best, or at most 
two; but if there be only one left to grow on each 
stump, it will grow faster and better, and be occasionally 
as good as the first head that was cut. When a Cab- 
bage is cut, the leaves should be cut off the stem ; and, 
as soon as the buds of the stump begin to grow, rub off 
or cut all but'one of the strongest and best to grow 
into a head, which it will do in an incredibly short time, 
equalling, and more frequently excelling, the first head 
itself." Now, we see the stumps of Cabbages thrown 
away; not even made manure ot, and of whieh they 
make the best. This year, particular care should be 
taken of them; and, in the neighbourhood of gentle- 
men’s gardens, the refuse stumps of the earlier Cab- 
bages should be given to the poor for the purpose of 
planting. Wherever early Cabbage can be obtained, 
they should be prepared for planting; as Cabbaging 
in May and June, and in the way recommended above, 
gives a second head in July. Tt is very customary to 
plant Cabbages on the edges of Potato ridges ; itis not, 
then, a great innovation to recommend only a single row 
of Potatoes iu the middle of each bed for some of the 
late Potatoes, and to plant therest of the bed with Cab- 
bages. If the beds are made 3 feet wide, and the 
furrow half the width, and a row of Potatoes planted 
bages on each brow, the whole would come to p 
tion, and as many Potatoes would be produced as the 
whole ridge had been planted with Potatoes. In making 
the furrow half the width of the ridge, and throwing the 
whole of the earth out of it on the ridge, an artificial 
depth is given to the ground ; thus, if the surface is 
inches deep, there will be 12 inches of surface on the 
ridge, and the great breadth of the furrows will allow 
room for digging it, and, by so doing, loosen the subsoil. 
By pursuing this plan three yea: succession, the 
whole subsoil would become loosened, and a consider- 
able depth of soil obtained ; while, during the opera- 
tion, no crop has been lost, and every year the crops 
have had the benefit of a deep soil on the ridge.—Mr. 
Goodiff, in Irish Farmers Journal. 
Destruction of Rats, Mice, &c.—Some gardeners are 
in the habit of employing arsenic for poisoning Peas, 
Beans, grain, meat, &c., which they put in p! fre- 
quented byrats and mice. ‘This practice is exceedingly 
dangerous for other animals, and likewise for children. 
tis a much more simple and far less dangerous plan 
to resp or crumble some bread, and mix it with equal 
quantities of powdered quick-lime and sugar, andlay small 
parcels of this mixture in the way of rats or mice. These, 
being very fond of sugar, eat the powder, and the 
liquids of the stomach, coming in contact with the quick- 
ime, produce an effect analagous to that produced by 
water on this substance ; it becomes quenched. The 
violent inflammation which results causes death ; and 
this may be accelerated by placing a vessel full of water 
within the reach of the animals.—Pevye Horticdle.—|| 
Account of Various Substances found in the Guano 
Deposits, and in the Vicinity, by E. F. Teschemacher, 
Esq.—In the course of researches on the coast of Africa 
for saltpetre, in the neighbourhood of the deposits of 
guano, various other substances were discovered, which 
Mr. Teschemacher has described and analysed. The 
first substance examined, found at present only in small 
quantities, and deseribed, was the phosphate of am- 
monia in a crystallised state. The next substance was 
the bicarbonate of ammonia, also found crystallised, of 
which the analysis is given. The third substance de- 
scribed was a new mineral body well-known in the labo- 
ratory as an artificial compound, viz., the ammonio- 
magnesian phosphate; this, however, was found in 
patches in the guano beds in erystals of a considerable 
size. The primary form is the right rhombic prism, of 
which Mr. 'Teschemacher has given the measurements 
taken by the reflecting goniometer ; the analysis follows; 
and then the import: of thi pound is pointed 
out as an ingredient in manure, as containing ammonia 
and phosphoric acid in a state insoluble in water. The 
last substance described was composed of carbonate of 
lime and magnesia aud phosphate of lime, and found 
imbedded in guano ; it consists of concentric laminæ 
slightly adhering together, and had the appearance of 
an organic structure. It was supposed to be derived 
from renitins of bones and shells partially decomposed. 
Chemie Gaxette. 
along the middle, or even two rows and a row of Cab- | 
[3 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS. 
(For the:ensuing Week.) 
CONSERVATORIES, STOVE, &c. 
Ar no period of the year, perhaps, is caution im dhe 
use of fire-heat more needed than in the mont of 
March. March winds are proverbial, and Marci sams 
are at times intensely bright. Now, as these wiads are 
by no means to be desired in hothouses, the very besé 
plan is to keep down fire-heat at the lowest possible 
pitch all the morning; and, where forcing is going ou, to 
have a lively fire for a couple of hours in the aftecusem 
—say from three o'eloek until five. By these meams 
the necessity of giving much air will be obviated, amd 
the climate within maintained in a most wholesome 
state as regards moisture, &e. Frequent attention 5s 
necessary at this period, both to the giving of air aud 
also to the taking it away gradually. A smart redes- 
tion should be made soon after noon in forcing bosses, 
and the whole should be taken entirely away as soon zs i& 
is considered safe. Canvas shading will be in great me 
quisition also. Conservatory plants to be retard 
Camellias making growth, Pines in a delicate state at 
root, whether from disrooting or otherwise, and ewem 
a little shade during bri Consersatorg.— 
Shading will now be mportanee ; Ca- 
mellias growing should be so placed as to receive boh 
more shade and also more atmospheric moisture tham 
the general inmates of this house—they are, in faet, faw 
better ina little close house by themselves, which should 
be kept upto 70° by day and 60° by night, secerving 
much the same treatment as Orchids at this periód. 
Large specimens of Fuebsias should now receive very 
liberal shifts ; in fact, with well-regulated potting, and 
thorough drainage, theyshouldbe placed in their Gual pots 
ortubsatonee. Stove and Orchidaccous-house.—Grow- 
ing Orchids will now require shading for a coupleof hours 
during bright sunshine, for fear of too copious s per- 
spiration ; also in order to retard Dendrobiums, &c., im 
blossom ; the latter however will do extremely well im 
a dry warm parlour or drawing-room, only they will 
require a good watering at the root occasionally. A 
very moderate amount of atmospheric moisture will 
suffice for these plants when in flower; the growing 
specimens must at this period have a considerable im- 
crease. Mixed Greenhouse.— Now is a good time to sow 
imported or home-saved seeds of tropical plants. Half iil 
the pot with drainage—use peat, loam, and silver-samd, 
in equal parts. Water them thoroughly, but slowly, with 
a fine rosed pot, and cover their surfaces with a good 
coat of sphagnum. They may be placed on a warm 
shelf in the shaded part of the house. Some of the 
growing Ericas may be shifted now ; use abundauee of 
drainage and sandy-heath soil full of fibres 5 thrust i& 
in lumps round the ball now and then forcing dowm 
pieces of stone or lumps of charcoal, and finally eaa 
over the surface with some of the finer portions of the 
soil, which should have a liberal amount of sand. The 
ball must be moderately moist before shifting, for if 
thoroughly dry, no after. watering can bring it ri 
Pot Cape or other bulbs as soon as the foliage is get- 
ting strong—use chiefly loam, leaf-soil, and silver-sand, 
Dress Pelargoniums and stake them out ; slip off all 
inferior and iil-pla shoots, and make cuttings ef 
them, they will flower well through the autumn. List 
anthus Russellianus should now have a liberal shift, 
with much dr ge; and should he placed in pans of 
water in a Cucumber-frame, or other situation where 
there is a moist heat. Attend well to watering. Be 
shy however in watering newly-shifted things ; do mo 
water these heavily ; give them a little and frequently, 
through a rosed-pot, until they become wellr 
KITCHEN GARDEN FORCING. 
Pines.—The utmost attention will now be requisite 
as to shading, and the management of bottom hest 
where tan is employed. Where there exists the 
least suspicion of burning, let something be dose fe 
stay it, without a moment's delay. The best way îs te 
move the pots to and fro until they are detached im a 
great degree from the tan; they can be pushed ight 
again by a couple of poles, when all danger is over. 
Any newly-potted stock in which the roots are defec- 
tive, should be well shaded. Fruiters in a strong amd 
healthy state will require liquid manure. Beware, 
however, of watering newly-potted stock ; give them 
smart syringings instead, about three times a week, andl 
shut them up with a powerful solar heat of 80? or 909. 
Vineries.—Vursue close stopping in the early house, 
until the berries begin to colour, when the shoots may be: 
allowed to ramble awhile if so inclined. Late Grapes 
now swelling, would be better, in my opinion, if they 
could be shaded on sunny days; under the influence af 
a powerful sun, the sap becomes hurried to the ex- 
tremities too rapidly. Moreover, the temperature be- 
comes altogether too high for a steady equalisation of 
e sap. Keep the wood constantly softened by the 
application of moisture. Peach Houses —As befares 
attend well to stopping, disbudding, and 2 free 
circulation of air at all times, and pursue the sume 
principles with those now commencing to force, as re- 
commended for the earliest house ; only this advaneed 
period will require a greater amount of atmospherse 
moisture, Cherries, Figs, &c.— See former Calendars. 
Forcing-frames and Piis.— Continue stopping atem- 
tively all Cucumbers and Melons ; use plenty of water 
round the sides of the frames, and round the hills se 
long as the bottom-heat will allow it. Give ait eariy 
in the morning, and shut up as early as 
syringing the plants slightly with warm water seam 
= 
ZA 
after the houses are closed—say about 3 o'clock. At 
