194 THE 
AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[Mar. 21, 
is now carried out to a great extent. Upwards of 
700,000 tiles are laid in per year. . The subsoil in this 
instance was very strong and retentive, so much so that 
the workmen were often obliged to hack it. By the 
aecompanying sketeh you will see the manner in which 
the field has been done :— 
The whole of the drains are delivered at one outlet in 
the north-east corner of the field. The first drain, 
25 feet deep, was started at 20 feet from and parallel with 
the east fence, and so continued at a distance of 18 feet 
apart or nearly so, takin; of the inclinati 
of the furrow for each drain to the west fence, where 
the ridges begin to butt. The cross drains are the mains, 
varying in depth, according to the level of the land, 
from 3 to 44 feet, so as to insure a perfect outlet for the 
furrow drains. The tiles used for the furrow drains 
are from the No. 1, are 15} inches long; and for the 
main drains, from the No. 2, are of Mr. Charnock’s 
* Economie" Machine; the supply of which (No. 2) 
being short, the main drains were completed with two, 
and in some parts three tiles thus (A).. The drains 
were cut, laid, and filled in at the prices below stated, 
at per rood of 21 feet ; contents of the field 16 acres, 
Per rood, £ s. d. 
47 roods of treble tile drain, 3 ee deep, pë us 2d. 111 6 
21 ls. 0d. 0 
a Eg je at Os, 10d. 9 
double don ; at Os 9 
m OE 3» « Abs 0 
24 at 03 3 
I cath Vm af io. Is thousand . 0 
¥ 3 
470 Soles at 165 6 
£85 16 10 
The above was done by the landlord under the super- 
intendence of his bailiff, on which a per centage is 
charged. The following’ are the charges borne by the 
drained at a depth of 23.or 3 feet must be sooner acces- 
sible to the farmer for sowing and cultivating his crop 
than at 5 feet deep, not an unimportant object with our 
precarious climate, and on a majority of our land which 
is cold and retentive. —J. D., Streatham. 
Miscellaneous. 
Cultivation of Flag.—I invite all thoughtful, pru- 
dent, and philanthropic persons to visit Trimingham, i in 
order that they may see how far I have carried out 
the spirit of my resolution, that Flax-culture, as a 
means of employment to the poor, ought to be vigor- 
ously promoted by every true lover of his country, and 
witness the realisation of the above statements, with 
the happy effects of constant work at adequate wages. 
They will discover that if Flax had been cultivated to 
the extent, and in accordance with the plans I recom- 
mended, every parish in the county might, at the pre- 
sent time, have been rendered as free from rates as 
Trimingham ; where one quarter’s poor-rate, only, of 
the past three, at 3d. in the pound, has been required 
for the support of the infirm, and for Union charges: 
all hands being employed in dressing Flax, that would 
otherwise have been maintained in idleness. As a 
proof, Mr. Brown, who has greatly contributed towards 
the elucidation of ‘this subject, left his farm at Michael- 
mas, engaged another at Rackheath, and took his Flax 
with him. In consequence, several young persons 
were thrown out of employment ; some of whom were 
lately obliged to take refuge in the workhouse, where 
they must still have remained, had 1 not received them 
my Flax establishment. To remove all prejudice 
would be to alter the construction of human nature ; a 
thing impossible ! so innumerable are the secret springs 
of opposition. But, justice to the poor, whose cause I 
advocate, and for whose sake the Norfolk Flax Society 
was formed, demands the strictest investigation. 
would, therefore, just observe, that the system of pre- 
paring Flax for market is reduced to so great a cer- 
tainty upon my premises, that I am now able to afford 
assistance to any part of the kingdom ; and that, under 
the instruction of Belgians from the celebrated Cour- 
trai distriet, young men, women, and children have be- 
come expert Flax-dressers, earning from 3s. 6d. to 10s. 
per week. For instance, the wages of Thomas Siely, 
aged 13, exceed, upon the average, 6s. a week. In 
conclusion, allow me to subjoin the copy of a letter 
addressed to a nobleman on another isis of my adyo- 
cacy, of the utmost i to tl in- 
terests of the country ; and to say, “that I, this week 
E 
[e 
tenant in addition to the per centage on the above. in 
this case, the tenant not having time he let the leading 
the tiles to be laid down alongside of each dos 
within reach ; length of lead about four miles :— 
++ £12 18 10 
. 8.0 
706 drain tiles at 7s. 3d. per t 
Spruce tops and branches to cover til 
Covering tiles with ditto, at 6d. per acre .. A 8 0 
Tenant’s proportion of cost . 15 14 10 
ELLA making à CUT cost of £101 Is. 8d., or "£e 6s, 11d. 
per acr 
The ‘field was in Oat stubble for fallow, since ploughed 
with four horses at an average depth of 9 inches, 
1 draught ploughing 1} statute acres per day. It is 
intended to stir it across with four horses, and, if the 
Season be favourable, to take a crop of Turnips off it. 
t is anticipated from the above outlay of capital that 
an increase of full one-third will be obtained in the 
sold seven bullocks, fattened, according to the system 
recommended, from the resources of my own farm, that 
paid 771. for less than six months’ keeping. [The fol- 
lowing is a portion of the letter alluded to] :—* I wish 
to observe, for the instruction ‘of those parties who 
admit that your bulloeks are doing well, and who will 
not allow the cheapness of the food upon which they 
are fattening,’ that Linseed can be purchased at less 
ne per ton than the best oil-cake. For instance, I 
was offered on Saturday, at Norwich, Linseed at 43s. per 
quarter, weighing 30 st., while diloske was 11 10s. 
per ton. Now, where farmersare so prejudiced against 
the new system as not to perceive the superiority of the 
ure seed over the refuse formed into cake with all 
kinds of rubbish, no arguments can produce a con- 
trary conviction ; and they must be left till compelled 
by circumstances, like many in Norfolk, to try the ex- 
produce and bulk of trop, thus securing the means of 
further improving the land by the ineréased quantity 
of manure made in the fold-yards, &c., consequent on 
the increase of crop. Other great advantages will be 
gained—the land will be easier worked and kept 
clean, green crops grown instead of bare fallows, also a 
greater surface for the growth of some erops will be 
obtained, as Wheat, Barley, &e. The land being laid 
as flat as possible, water-furrowing, as practised oa 
heavy undrained lands, will not ‘be required, say 
gain of surface on every ridge of 9 feet to be 
6 inches at the least, or for every 18 acres one 
acre gain. It has been invariably observed in this 
neighbourhood that when the land has been. laid 
flat after draining, the crops have looked better when 
standing, and when en thrashed out have yielded best; it 
was tried on a. field on this. farm, one half laid flat and 
the other half left in ridges, and Gnd as I have stated, 
but no particular aecount was kept at the time. The 
object in view of drainers on entering a field should be 
to ascertain the depth by which the greatest lateral de- 
scent will be obtained, which will vary according to the 
retentiveness of the subsoil, and having ascertained it 
he will be able to set out the drains at the distance apart 
required to thorough drain it, perhaps saving man; 
roods per aere, thus lessening the eost, the great objec- 
tion to draining. The présent agitation for "deep drain- 
ing will end, T doubt, in uselessly burying a great 
amount of capital. I cannot think that 1 or 14 inch 
pipes can act with efficiency at the depth of 5 feet 
without any covering, and in some instances with the 
clay trampled on them, or how can they run so trampled 
sooner than b: good tile drain at a depth of 23 or 3 feet. 
It is or ought to be known to all drainers, that the 
descent of water is perpendieular, and that the rapidity 
ofits descent will vary according io the retentiveness 
of the material it has to filter through, but that it must 
sooner reach a 3 feet drain and run than a 5 feet drain, 
unless there be water lodged or hanging in the subsoil, 
whieh is merely displaced by the mechanical pressure 
from above, thus causing the 5 feet drain to run sooner ; 
ifso, draining to that “depth must be money thrown 
periment. Your lordship will discover by the above 
|priees, that Linseed and cake are about. ls. 5d. per 
‘stone each ; and that, if compound of Barley and Lin- 
Seed is made consisting of one-quarter seed and three- 
quarters Barley at 9d. per stone (at which price thou- 
sands of quarters may be purchased), it will amount to 
71. 7s. per ton, exclusive of the water ; but, when that 
all-important ingredient is incorporated according to 
the receipts in my book, the price will be reduced to 
45s. per ton ; and those who adopt only this part of my 
system, obtain five tons and a half of the incomparable 
cattle compound at the same sum, which others give 
for a ton of comparative rubbish. I do not say that 
the same effect will be produced from a ton of com- 
pound as from a ton of cake ; but I know of no instance 
where the superiority of the former has not been ac- 
knowledged, without taking into ealeulation the advan- 
tages derived by consuming so large a proportion of 
native produce."— T'rimingham, Feb. 17th.—[Ewtract 
from a Letter by Mr. Warnes, in the Norfolk Chro- 
nicle.] 
CALENDAR NS UL SAM 
Barley should now be TE S bushels per acre drilled in 
rows 9 inches apart are suf t; and, following the drill, 
the Mr. broadeast Clover. sowing machine should came. 
The light harrow, or the b 
should cover all up immediately. 
about 
Set the En to sow 
of seeds per acre, mixed as "jd directed last week. 
f Grass seeds are to be sown in addition, the sowing-machine 
nst travel.a second time over the field, followed bythe harrow 
Sr m of Italian Rye-grass per acre is as goo 
a seeding as can be n; and along with the Clovers, if 
sown on good land sufficiently damp at the time, E. Ta ,ensure 
a good crop of Grass for one year. hen the Gra o rê- 
main down more than one year, it will be better ms adopt the 
following Sete which we extract from Lawson’s © Agricul- | § 
iurist's Man Hi 
By sw beoe ng of Italian for 8 of VN OE yis grass 
in the ait table, it will be improv Thes may be 
sown in two lots, as we have sugge ted, eae aoe after the 
Barley ; a you may delay it for E weeks, and let the young 
Barley up, and then sow and h his affords an oppor- 
i M for hoeing and cleaning the land somewhat later in the 
season, 
away; and take it in fanother point of view, the land { 
Light and Medium Heavy Soils. 
y Soils. 
a Jen |a h |an [mu 
e ec c Ei SUR S 
a Sgeig S Jgs gs 
a a E E 
$ |$558.5s| 8 (SU sista 
Lal Las tand alt= tend | M HEAHEA 
Ll ae nas n mc med 
Common Rye-grass .| 18 18 18 18 18 18 
Meadow Cat's-tail «pti eret c] pans 1 1 | 
Common Red Clover] “£ j E 8 6 3 
G trass es on 3 es "n 3 
White Dutch Clover * 2 4 4 2 4 4 
Yellow Clo y 2 2 k 2 2 
28 30 30 29 31 31. 
tthe land for Carrots seuftled or scarified 3 inches “deep, 
Soesead and rolled hard. It is supposed that it was ploughed 
deeply in autumn, Ifit was not manured then, you must either 
cart on manure now, ploughing at in very shallow, for ue 
becas now makes a clo rface; or use no 
manure, and not plough at all, rds sow guano, seaweed x ies, 
or some other soluble fertiliser broadcast over the land during 
the first wet weather. Damp the sand in which your wende 
seed is lying, but not so much as that a handful on being 
squeezed shall remain clung together when the bang is 
opened. It will do to sow next week, in rows on the sur- 
face 18 inc apa Use the Suffolk drill, and sow 2 S 
er acre, in Fine A Ibs. of seed have been mixed 
Gi " tatoes and Mangold cross- 
gol 
ploughed. Or plo ough deeply the land you intend for Flax ; 
and Peg remove with the fork all patches of Couch-g: rass? 
If the land is in good order and clean, & Oat stubble will 
see uot Flax-field. Harrow, or hoe, 
Wheat crop, carrying off the field all nies Coltsfoot, an 
Chickweed. There is NE like beginning. your campaign 
Esto “weeds early in the 
regard to your fatan stock, you should now consider 
nd it be not your interest egin drawing from your 
TRSH for the butcher, while the present high price of mutton 
Tiv you intending to break up any Girass lands this spring ? 
at D the time to commence paring the sward for burning. 
Tt will cost from 10s. to 14s. per acre. It should be pared at 
M inch thick, s, especially if the land, be clayey. More on 
is subject next. 
es to Correspondent, s. 
RLEY pK A uc should be sown about an. 
inch under the sur ER 
DISEASE IN LANb— Nest week. 
DnRAINAGE— West phis may depend upon it that tiles 
will answer the purpose e inhalt better than tur f the 
drains are properly filled in, å. e., firmly filled in rine there 
_ is no fear of their silting up. 
Wen lutt- ad not received your letter. Rd 
10t succeed well on land subject to flood ; but it will do 
Wide e d well as any other ordinary farm-crop "you bed grow. 
The land should ps drained, so.as that the water shall flow 
off as soon Your sample? is not marine glue, 
which has a stronga empyreumatie 
MaNxconp Wu! Cle —The Ordi ange Globe is what we al- 
‘ways grow. the question which, ou put we have in past 
ears refer red to ou and they seemed to prefer that 
varii There is. MER 5 m difference between indiyi- 
Sls of one D than there is ERI Mna different breeds : 
Ed the Alderney for rich, Ayrshire for abund- 
ilk, are pretty SONEHEDU S 
ORT HE M—It is bad policy to B ow Oats ona white stub- 
ble. The Hopetoun good a variety as you can select. 
PraroN Du NG—AÀ Contin odis willnot have i hurt if 
s ae ye ated much in an exposed place. You are using it 
very properly. 
PovrTRy—J A—Buy a little book called “The Poultry Yard,” 
Poit: in Glasgow, and read the chapter on the Diseases 
of 
Rare Oot H MESE will be worth about half as 
MS as bonedust, weights, You may rot them as 
u propose. in ny sci ge di make a valuable compost, 
SUUM IN Sr man—Drain the field and 1e it; that 
will probably re ove tho fault, 
Sox: &e.—H M, Notts—We do not know. 
no. tables for tn duty. 
To Rz E WARTS—A ontiont Reader—Cut them. off, and 
mildly ROME ators iron, 
Ba 
Ee 
28 
Consult the 
TRANSPLANTED SWEDES— X Y—They will answer in à moist 
season, but u cannot depend on them ason a sown crop. 
The pract a sor rt of safeguard agalhst ti the fly ;” but it 
will not do to depend on ane ‘or your main crop, 
Be a pea Cla a 
ge of its ET 
nutritiveness to a full grown Turnip Hn m in October, 
ade pitted for early 
— $iftarkets. 
SM utut, RAD: Mar. 16.—Per stone of 8 lbs, 
» 4s 2tod 
Best Scots, Horeforde, & Best Downs & Halfbreds 5s 4 to ts 6 
est Short. 40 est Long-we 539 
Second quality Beasts. 104 dio o Ewes and "second quality i P 438 
Cal 4 5 8| Pig a 
aste, ae 9 , 17,700; Gv yen “605 Pige, 
Our supply of Bes vis tolerably. gutsy Both sa 10. niibórs and 
quality; trade is eather dull, ‘bat the best Sualíties are selling dear- There 
“are rather more Sheep to-day, and trade is not so brisk. Prices are somewhas 
dois bac are d being E E Very little reduotion is observable 
the moss selling qualities have now a considerable o quantity of shorn 
tradeis GENER 3 still the 
est sh! horne nearly 4s 4d ; in- 
rior partir area hea of about 4d per 8 \ba.--Sheey 
are not very plentiful, bus enough for the densa one is very moderate, 
èst Downs, best Long-wools rather over bs; 
Ewes and Second. ‘The shorn Sheep are very much 
fected hy the severity o y are much chilled, and must be 
quoted fully ad per 8 Ibs. wer than on Mon day. For the same cause Lamb 
ia no 
tho santo 1. p onda. 
pasts, B35 ; 
HOPS, FRIDAY, | Maw. 20, 
‘The market is about the same as for some t 
not extensive, is continual, and prices 
coloured samples is very limited, 
ie demand, although 
remain Ricci "The supply of Anes 
M. _Parrnxpsn & Surru, Hop-Factors. 
E THWARK, TVARERARUN: Mar. 16, 
val his aay se'nnight. vei 
orthern dis, nd those cargoes of ener mend 
DOW Irasadsy lost mero vi ery fortunato, an they 
per ton: after which the arrival be 
ed to. t the wi 
ENGLISH TIMBER. AND BARK. —Mar. Lu. 
Round Timber, per load. dex foot sate.) ms vig Br ft, supfl. 
Oak. + 5l 08 to ed 
z 
0s 
