15.—1846.] 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
241. 
DRAINING TILES AND PIPES. 
- zs 
INSLIE'S PATENT IMPROVEMENTS.— 
For Maxine and Dryine Draining Tiles of the Ist Crass. 
Gentlemen having works in operation, or who are about to 
erect them, will find the above worthy their attention. 
The Process combines Errect with Economy, as Tiles can 
be made ready for BuRNING at all seasons ; generally from ten 
to thirty hours, according to the nature of y. To be 
Seen at Alperton, Acton, Middlesex; Mr. Howe, Engineer, 
119, Great Guildford-st., Southwark ; the Polytechnic Institution, 
Regent-street, London. Particulars may be had from Joun 
Arsiz, Alperton, Acton, Mi 
AND CO., 61, Gracechurch-street, 
London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 
and Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 
CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 
Scientific Horticulturists to their much approved method of 
applying the Tank system to Pineries, Propagating Houses, &c., 
y which atmospheric heat as well as b 
e ve also to state that at the request of numerous 
friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as 
Copper, by which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which are 
now so well known, scarcely require description, but to those 
Who have not seen them in operation, prospeetuses willbe for- 
warded, as well as reference of the highest authority ; or they 
may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 
Nurseries throughout the kingdom. 
Co, beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory 
Park-street, every article required for the construction 
of Horticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may be 
Obtained upon the most advantageous terms, 
Conservatories, &c. of Iron or Wood, erected upon the most 
$rnamental designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 
Vences, Wire Work, &c. &c. 
The Agricultural Gazette. 
SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 1846. 
OWING WEEKS. 
Soc. of Ireland, 
BETINGS FOR 
TnonepAv, April 16—Agricn'tural 
— 22—Auricultural Society of England. 
— 23—Agricul-ural Imp. Soc. of Ireland, 
LOCAL SOCIETY.—E Cumberland. 
FARMERS! CLUBS, 
Ap il 13 -W. H»reford —Bakewell April 20—Rotley 
—  q4— Dorking — Lewes — St. | — 2%—Rhins of Galloway 
25—Plympton St. Ma; y—New- 
ton. 
THURSDAY, 
— 162 Bwfeld and Wal-ham r4 
— M -—Wadebridge 
Our recommendation to the buyers of Peruvian 
and Bolivian Guano, that they should invariably 
place themselves in communication with either 
Messrs. Gisss and Co., of London, or Messrs. 
Myers and Co., of Liverpool, has, it seems, given 
offence to some of the London houses who are 
agents for the sale of this article. It is alleged 
that we have recommended purchasers to buy only 
direct from Messrs. Greses and Co., or Myrrs and 
9.; and we are asked “why the complainants’ 
Tespectability as tradesmen, and their guarantee to 
buyers should not be sufficient to eonvince the 
armer of the quality being genuine ; seeing also 
that they prefer deliveries to be made from the 
import warehouses ?” 
ur answer is very simple. We have not re- 
Commended buyers to purchase exclusively from 
e two importers ; the context cf our recom- 
mendation plainly shows that we had no such mean- 
"E; for we expressly stated that the importers 
Would not sell less than 30 tons ata time, and we 
added that we were persuaded they would direct 
9 pplicants to their agents, WHO COULD BE RELIED ON, 
believe that the writer of the letter to which 
We refer is one of their agents; he, there‘ore, has 
Nothing to complain of. 
„It is idle to talk to the public about the respecta- 
bility of Messrs. A., B., or C., placing them above 
Suspicion. We question the respectability of no 
man. There is not a dealer in England who will 
Not assure you that he is the most honest man 
alive ; and yet we know that, somehow or 
Other, farmers are infamously cheated by dealers. 
Ssuming, therefore, that all sellers of manure 
d honourable men, we nevertheless delibe- 
cur repeat our advice; and we again say that 
€re is no security for the buyer who does 
not purchase directly from the importers, Messrs. 
BBs and Co., or Myers and Co., or from agents 
Pointed out by them. Peruvian and Bolivian 
eae is not adulterated in Peru; ships are not 
x phted in England with gypsum, loam, sand,chalk, 
nd other rascally ingredients, for the purpose of 
1g mixed with Guano on the shores of the 
acific, The Guano is brought to the importers as 
em, 
P 
| it occurs in Nature. and its adulteration takes place 
in this country after it is obtained from them, if it 
isever obtained from them at all. It is therefore 
to the importers, most especially, that farmers should 
look ; and ifthey will not take that precaution, they 
must be left to the conscience of the harpies who 
fatten on them. 
It may appear hard to really respectable men 
that we should speak thus strongly ; but in truth 
they ought to be infinitely obliged to us ; for if by 
our warnings we can drive rogues out of their trade, 
honest dealers will derive as much benefit from the 
operation as farmers themselves. 
Tus Irish Waste LAND Improvement SOCIETY 
has just published its fourth annual Report. We 
learn from it that the operations of the Society 
have been considerably extended during the past 
year. The number of its tenants has increased 20 
percent. The number of acres let has increased 
14 per cent. The rental of its occupied lands has 
inereased 17 per cent. The amount invested by 
the Society in the improvement of its estates has 
increased between 5 and 6 per cent. The amount 
similarly invested by its tenants has increased 17 
er cent. ; and the value of the tenants’ crops and 
stock, which is the test both cf their own pros- 
perity and of the Society’s also, has increased no 
less than 85 per cent. during the past year. Three 
thousand persons, we are informed, are resident on 
the Company’s property, which but a few years 
ago was a wild and barren waste. They are now, 
in the midst of the distress and consequent reck- 
lessness prevalent around them, pursuing their 
wonted avocations in order and peace; with em- 
ployment secured to them during the approaching 
trying season, and with every prospect of a supply 
of wholesome food for their support until the 
coming harvest. 
Some of our readers may not be acquainted with 
the constitution and history of this Society. It is 
500,0007., incorporated by Act of Parliament, and 
having for its object the reclamation and improvement 
of the numerous tracts of waste land in Ireland. The 
method pursued to accomplish this object isas follows : 
The Society takes an estate on a long lease, and, 
after expending such a sum of money as may bene- 
cessary to bring it into a state fit for the occupation 
of agricultural tenants, divides it into suitable allot- 
ments, which are then let at a profit rent propor- 
tioned to theoutlay. "There is no other country in 
the world where there is either such room or such 
need for the operations of such a society. Ireland 
possesses an extent of cultivable waste land amount- 
ing to nearly 5,000,000 acres ; is there not room for 
the application of capital here? And it possesses 
such an enormous supply of agricultural labour in 
proportion to the demand for it, that the wages of 
able-bodied men do not exceed 10d. a day ; is there 
not need, then, for the commencement of operations 
which shall increase the produce of the land, and 
thus increase the portions of it falling to the shares 
respectively of the landlord, the tenant, and the 
labourer ? The following extract from the Society's 
prospectus exhibits the grounds on which such an 
institution was called for :— 
* Since the year 1809, when Commissioners were ap- 
pointed to inquire into the nature and extent of the 
bogs in Ireland, the population of that kingdom has in- 
creased 33 per cent., yet no publíe effort has been made 
to give occupation to the millions dependant for subsis- 
tence on the cultivation of the soil. It isstated in the 
reports made to Parliament, in pursuance of the Act 49 
Geo. II., as also in the reports of the Emigration Com- 
mittee of the year 1827, and in subsequent reports, 
that the number of statute acres of waste land capable 
of beneficial improvements is nearly five millions, being 
one-fourth of the whole kingdom ; and the waste or un- 
cultivated surface has been shówn to contain— 
Of flat bogs oe es m « » Acres— 
Of bogs forming the covering of mountains 
Of convertible mountain Dd 
Mr aod 25070000 
* The cultivation of these lands, which is strongly re- 
ded by various Parl ry Committees, would 
afford obvious and immediate means of local employment 
tothe Irish labouring poor; butthe difficulties which have 
hitherto prevented such a consequence may be stated as 
ollows : 
* 1. The inability of the great landed proprietors to 
lands. 
«2, The want of powers, owing to the entails and set- 
tlements of the large estates, for granting such long 
leases as would induce strangers to undertake the cost of 
such improvements, 
3, The want of sufficient capital among the tenantry 
to enable them to make drains, roads, fences, and build- 
ings, which are essential to the occupation of the land, 
“<The impedi the imp t of the entailed 
lands is removed by the Act of Parliament incorpo- 
rating this Society, which authorises tenants for life, 
and other incapacitated persons, to grant leases of 99 
years to the Society, who are empowered by the Act to 
take such leases, on which they will invest their capital 
a company of shareholders representing a capital of 
advance the capital requisite for reclaiming the waste" 
by making such improvements as will enable the popu- 
lation of that country to obtain the productive occupa 
tion of it, The middling, and even small, farmers in 
Ireland have a great deal of ready money in small sums, 
which they hoard up for want of the means of employ- 
ing it ; in proof of this (according to Porter's tables), the 
inerease of deposits in the Savings’ Bank of Ireland 
since 1831 has exceeded 25 per cent., whilst in England 
and Wales it is not more than 8 per cent. These per- 
sons would take more land if they could obtain it, 
whereon to employ their capital. "The anxiety of the 
Irish people to obtain the use of land, their industry in 
the cultivation, and their means of stocking limited por- 
tions of it, are notorious. 
** England now pays to Holland, Belgium, and Hol- 
stein 700,0007. per annum for the single article of But- 
ter—the whole of which might be produced in Ireland 
if her waste lands were improved. 
“In comparing the advantages between the invest- 
ment of money for reclaiming the waste lands of Ireland 
and those in the Colonies, it may be stated that the 
price of labour in Ireland does not exceed one-fifth of 
that paid in the Colonies; this circumstance alone, 
placing the Irish cultivator, subject to rent, in an in 
nitely better situation than the Colonial cultivator with 
a free grant of land. Ireland has, moreover, the best 
market for her produce, and' every manufactured 
article supplied at the lowest rate of cost, while the re- 
verse of these applies to the Colonies. 
* The principal cause of all the disturbances in 
Ireland is the difficulty which the people find in obtain- 
ing land whereon to employ their energies and support 
their families, Thus there is rich land without oceu- 
pation, a large diffused capital without employment, and 
astarving population in misery, for want of combining the 
best elements of a nation’s wealth and prosperity by 
productive labour. 
“ Parliament has removed the legal difficulties. The 
Society call on the landed proprietors to join them in the 
execution of a measure so much to their own interest 
—a measure by which the owners of the soil will be 
enriched, the peasantry will obtain productive employ- 
ment, and the shareholders will secure a liberal dividend 
on the capital invested in the undertaking.” 
It thus appears that there is hardly any country 
where the investment of capital in farming should 
pay so well as in Ireland. Labour cheap—a 
market, the best in the world, near—farming gene- 
rally sufficient—soil most fertile in many places, 
and capable cf being made so where it is now lying 
waste ; with all these elements of prosperity, a So- 
ciety for reclaiming the waste lands of Ireland, if 
properly managed and efficiently supported, surely 
cannot be otherwise than successful, as well as bene- 
cial. 
Why is such an institution not better supported ? 
The authorized capital was never nearly subscribed, 
and more than one-half of the original shares have 
since been forfeited. The operations of the Society 
have, therefore, been necessarily limited ; and this 
(at a time when, both on their own account and as 
an example to Irish landlords, they would be espe- 
cially useful), is a serious loss to the country. 
Amonasr the beautiful analogies that co-exist in, 
and seem to connect under one law the physical 
and the moral world, there is none more remark- ~ 
able than the necessity in each of Farru. The 
untaught mind is a desperately hard receiver of the 
evidence of things unseen by the physical senses: 
and if there is one effect of a little early education 
more constantly and perceptibly valuable than 
another, it is the foundation which it lays—like the 
bed, timbers, and rails of a railroad—for speed and 
facility in the transmission of future knowledge. 
The most thankless.and irksome of all tasks is the 
being harked back from time to time to whip up 
every lag hound that refuses to follow scent per- 
ceived by every nose in the pack but its own. Yet 
such is the task to which the writers on Agricultural 
Chemistry have been obliged to devote page after 
page, in the effort to explain to certain human eyes 
and noses what the minds appertaining to them 
refused otherwise to admit; in their learned disser- 
tations upon those invisible spirits which may be 
almost said to preside over all that is to be learnt of 
Agricultural Chemistry. We allude to the gases 
—oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbonic acid. 
They have all the misfortune of being invisible. 
Whether Dame Nature in making them so had not 
some little joke in hand, for the purpose of stultify- 
ing the wisdom of those of her children who refuse 
to admit all evidence but that of their bodily eyes, 
she does not tell us in words; but she seems to 
point rather significantly to some such conclusion, in 
having based all the processes revealed in animal 
and vegetable physiology upon the action of invisi- 
ble agents: in other words, showing that both 
vegetables and animals grow and derive their in- 
crease out of matter which in its original form is 
perceptible to the mind but not to the eye, and 
which on their death and decomposition will again 
return to the same state. What a fund of reflection 
does this simple fact offer to the agriculturist, who 
is willing to believe that man was intended to culti- 
