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278 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
[APRIL 25, 
accounts in order to prevent things from being over- 
valued to the incoming tenant, as they too often are, 
from the faet of the valuer not having sufficient means 
of judging.—Mr. Brapurr said, he thought the sugges- 
tion of Mr. Wood, respecting a corn rent, deserving at- 
tention, on account of its fairness ; but at the same time 
he regarded it as imp ieable. A 1 t after 
allowing matters to run on for four years would be very 
inconvenient.— The Cuarrman said, with regard to the 
arrangement for a corn rent, he could not help thinking 
Mr. Wood's plan very objectionable, as going over a 
period of four years ; the difference then to be adjusted 
might amount to a year's rent. He thought it was 
much better that an adjustment should take place at the 
end of one year than at the end of four years. If the 
averages were taken at the end of each year, the matter 
could be settled and done with. They might always 
take an average of three years in coming to this ar- 
rangement, because in doing so all that would be neces- 
sary was, to strike off the first, and add the last. The 
only objection to a corn rent was the trouble it gave ; 
but the course which he had pointed out was a plain 
and easy method for arriving at a fair conclusion.— Mr. 
Fısner Hoses said, he thought that while every pro- 
tection ought, doubtlessly, to be given to the landlord, 
every possible encouragement ought to be given to the 
skilful and enterprising tenant also, He did hold that 
the leases brought forward were such as were applicable 
to years past, and not such as ought to be reeommended 
for a long term of years, to commence at the present 
time ; as agricultural | ledge p d, such e 
eouragement ought to be given as should enable the 
tenant farmer to go on at the same rate, ere was a 
great differenee between the old, sluggish, indolent 
tenant, who would not help himself, and the skilful 
man and man of property, who wished to make the 
land produce as much as nature would allow it, 
and he thought, in recommending any particular 
form of lease as emanating from this Club, they 
ought not to lay down any particular restrictions 
as to cropping, but only to lay down such rules 
as would prevent the deterioration of the property. 
He thought the old four-course system was very fast 
wearing out. He thought that they ought never, under 
any consideration whatever, to have two white straw 
crops together. But there were so many new roots and 
new crops annually brought forward, that the farmer 
ought not to be tied down to any particular system of 
white straw or pulse crops, to which these forms of 
lease did tie him down; they also compelled him to 
consume the roots upon the farm. He thought they 
could not well farm too high ; and that it was most ad- 
vantageous to sell off the root crops. They were often 
taunted about Scotch farming. Why, in Scotland, the 
root crops were the most profitable things they had, 
The tenant ought to have every facility which it was 
possible to? give him in his operations, short of ex- 
hausting the land. With regard to permanent im- 
provements, such as drainage, they ought to be per- 
formed by scientific men, or by a company of men, and 
not by the tenant. He thought it would be advan- 
tageous to both parties if the landlord were to do the 
drainage, and the tenant were to pay him a certain rate 
of interest for the outlay. He could not, however, agree 
with Mr. Thomas, that the landlord ought to ask 6 per 
cent.; 5 per cent. was ample and abundant, and he did 
not think this club would be justified in recommending 
more than 5 per cent. With regard to buildings, he 
did not think the tenant could afford to pay rent for his 
land unless the landlord erected good farm buildings, 
or encouraged him to erect them himself, With re- 
spect to game, he thought that a vast deal of injury was 
done to the tenantry of the country by game ; mueh 
more, indeed, than the publie. were generally aware of, 
In Norfolk, last year, he heard of instances of the game 
injuring the tenant nearly to the amount of the rent of 
. He was not one of those who would say that 
the landlord should not have the right to come upon 
his own land, but there should be some limit to the ex- 
tent of preserving game. With regard to compensation 
being allowed to the tenant for his unexhausted im- 
P at the expiration of the term of his lease, 
very little had been said; he supposed that was attri- 
butable to the fact of the question of tenant-right 
having so recently come before the Club. He hoped 
that that would be a point which would be strongly re- 
commended in any new form of lease; for he contended 
that the skilful and persevering tenant ought, if he left 
unexhausted improvements upon the farm, to be 
remunerated for them. A proper form of lease would 
be a most advantageous thing; he was perfectly 
satisfied that throughout his own county, and probably 
throughout England, a good form of lease would be the 
means of increasing the eultivation to the extent of 
10 percent. He hoped and trusted that a form of 
lease would be adopted by this Club; for if one were 
adopted he felt certain that the gentlemen of the legal 
profession would be very glad to follow it out. He 
had talked upon the subject to legal gentlemen in the 
metropolis, who had told him that they should be glad 
to adopt sueh a form of lease for their clients if they 
knew that it „was framed upon a sound principle. 
— Mr. Conn said he thought that it was utterly impossi- 
ble to frame any form of lease whieh would apply to all 
parts of the country. He was himself a Kentish farmer, 
and in Kent two white straw crops were not objected to. 
They there used a great many fish as manure, and 
fallowed only once in seven years. He was aware that 
the gentleman who had opened the question (Mr. 
Beadell) would not give them any great credit for the 
n- 
management of stock, but he was qnite sure he would 
say nothing against their farming. In Kent they went 
upon this principle—that to restrict a good farmer in 
his operations was the worst thing they could do. 
—The Cuarrman, in conformity with their usual prac- 
tice, now submitted a resolution for the adoption of 
the meeting. He read a resolution which he had 
sketched; and after some diseussion and alteration it 
was at length brought to the following terms :—* That 
leases should be so framed as to give the tenant the 
fullest scope for the management of his farm and 
security for the capital invested in improvements, and 
at the same time to give to the landlord protection from 
undue cultivation or injury to the farm. And this 
meeting is impressed with the conviction that draining 
should be done by the Jandlord, who should charge a 
moderate per centage upon the outlay; and also that 
leases are essential to the cultivation and beneficial 
occupation of land." — Abridged from the Mark Lane 
Express. 
Calendar of Operations. 
APRIL 
Tms is the proper season for planting Mangold Wurzel. Se- 
lect the Orange Globe yariety— the cattle prefer it, and it yields 
as large a crop as any. Place the seed in a tub and pour water 
over it, so as thoroughly to damp it: turn it at intervals and 
keep it damp for 5 or 6 days. It will then be ready to sow. 
he land meanwhile has been prepa thus :—It should be a 
somewhat adhesive loam, though the lighter are better suited 
to the growth of the plant than the heavier soils, It having 
already been cross ploughed, harrowed, “cultivated,” har- 
rowed, cleaned, and rolled—tnough, by the way, few soils have 
employed and the distance may require, and 2 men spreading 
and 3 ploughs at work in the field, should fill, carry, divide, 
spread, and plough i s 
inaday. Itiswellto makethefilling at the dung-heap piecework, 
aid for at the rate of 2d, per cubic yard. Immediately after 
the ploughing, the land should be harrowed, for land at all 
becomes cloddy, if not immediately broken down, 
The roller should follow the harrow in dry weather, The 
is then put in broadeast : this is better both for the green crop 
after it has once started, and for the ensuing grain crop ; but 
if theland be not in such condition as that the seeds shall 
sprout and grow vigorously, though unassisted by manure, 
then the land, after being thus manured, should be ribbed into 
very shallow furrows about 26 inches apart; in these furrows 
about 10 cubie yards per acre of well-rotted dung saturated 
with urine should be spread, the drills being. immediately split. 
by the plough again, making the furrows this time considerably 
er, i at once; that is to say, the field being 
all manured, ploughed, and rolled, 2 ploughs commence 
ribbing it; when they have got a few drills opened, the carts 
come with the manure, and go up every third furrow; the 
orse walks up without stopping, and the man behind with the 
dung-drag, pulls out regularly a portiou, so that he shall 
á 
5 
8 
of wood nailed at equal distances on to its surface longitudi- 
nally; į. e., parallel to its axis. This roller is made to go u 
and down the drills, and the strips of wood nailed on it thus 
leave markings across each atintervals of a little more than 
12 inches. These markings are a guide to the women in 
planting the seed, which is done by hand dibbles, blunted so 
that they shall not easily make holes more than half an inch 
Each woman has a small bag of the seed tied round her 
waist; she stands with her right foot on the drill she is plant- 
ing, er left in the w; she makes a hole with the 
dibble on one of the marks across the ridge, and with her left 
hand plants 2 of the berries (each containing it may be 3 or 4 
seeds) in the hole, she then draws her right foot along the top 
of the ridge and covers them in; akes another dibble 
hole in the next mark, plants more seeds, and. covers them up 
as before. This can be done very rapidly after a little prac- 
tice—the right foot should be slid over the surface, not lifted 
a and, during the stop, while the dibble is at work, it 
should stand over the seed last sown, A woman earning 10d. 
a day will plant more than a mile in length of drill in this way 
i y: when the drills are 26 or 28 inches apart, the opera- 
tion will cost 2s. 6d. an acre. A light roller should then go 
over the ground, and that completes the management of this 
crop for the present. 
is 
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Notices. to Correspondents, 
ANALYSIS or Sor.s—C D S—Each analysis will cost from 17. to 
5L, according to the degree of minuteness you wish. A 
pound or two of each sort should be sent to our office, and 
we will find a competent analyst, 
CARBONATE or Lime—Vistol—The carbonic acid is in union 
with the ammonia of the atmosphere. 
DANDELIONS— S C—You must persevere for a year or two in 
pulling the roots and leaves up in moist weather whenever 
they appear. Use a short narrow trowel. You cannot fail 
of ultimate success. 
DRAINS ON FLAT GROUND INTO A BROOK, WHICH OCCASIONALLY 
oops—7' D—Use draining tiles. Let them all run into one 
main, and let that open as far down the brook as possible 
by means of a sluice which will shut of itself and hinder the 
ingress of water. 
Lrquip Manure—L—The present is the best of all times for its 
pplication. The young Grass is now just fitted to avail 
diluted, We should be glad to have the account of your ex- 
perience on this subject. 
Markets, 
HAY.—Per Load of 36 Trusses. 
il 
SMITHFIELD, Apr . 
Prime Mead.Hay' 80: to 90s | New Hay — —sto —s|NewClr. —sto — 
Infr.New &Rowen 60 — 75 Strat 94 
Clover 5 1o 115 w — 9 
Jonn Coorzn, Salesman. 
CUMBERLAND MARKET, April 23, 
Prime Mead. Hay 88sto 92 | Old Clover 110s to Lids 
Ini H 60 80 | Inferiordo, 95 105 | Straw  |;:838t036s 
NewHay » 2 — Ver — = 
Josnva Barun, Hay Salesman. 
WHITECHAPEL, April 24, 
Fine Old Hay + 80sto 85s / Old Clover 112s to118s 
Inferior Hay’ - [63 [te 90 100 | Straw 
New Hay -© .— SN 
xxt 980 to" 89» 
New Clover — 
| COVENT GARDEN, Arni 25, Vegetables of all kinds have 
been plentifully supplied, and Fruit, although not over abun- 
dant, is sufficient for the demand. Trade is somewhat brisker. 
few punnets of ripe Cherries have been offered during the 
week. Forced Strawberries are pretty plentiful, but the de- 
mand for them is but limited; the best specimens fetch about 
ls. 3d. an ounce. Green Gooseberries and Apricots have been 
Offered ; the former at from 2s. to 2s, 6d., and the latter at from 
2s, to 3s. a pottle, Pine-apples are good in quality, and tolerably 
plentiful. Hothouse Grapes are more abundant than they have 
hitherto been, and, in consequence, are ra.her falling in price. 
pples and Pears remain nearly the same as quoted in our last 
ort. Nuts of all kinds are sufficient for the demand. 
Vegetables, Broccoli is very plentiful, and begins to get cheaper; 
Asparagus is good in quality, and a trifle cheaper, Rhubarb is 
also cheaper, as are also Cucumbers. Cabbages, Greens, &c., are 
good and plentiful; the latter are somewhat lower in price. 
1 arrots and "Turnips have been offered; the former at 
from 8d. to 2s., and the latter at from Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. a bunch. 
Celery is excellent, and sufficient for thedemand. Potatoes, of 
the very best quality, fetch 9/. a ton ; trade for inferior samples if 
still continues dull, and the prices remain unaltered. The best | 
frame Potatoes may be bought for about 2s. 6d. a lb. Lettuces 
and other Salading are good and plentiful, Cut Flowers chiefly 
consist of Euphorbias, Heaths, Hyacinths, Tulips, Auriculas, 
Tropeolums, Jasmines, Lily of the Valley, Pentas carnea, Ste- 
phanotis floribunda, Burchellia capensis, Camellias, Azaleas, 
Acacias, Cyclamens, Daphnes, Orange flowers, Rhododendrons, 
Cinerarias, Gardenias, Moss and other Roses. 
FRUITS, 
Eine Apple, perlb., sto 108 
Grapes, Hothouse, per lb., 10s to 15s 
— ‘Spanish, per lb., 9d to le Almond: 
Lemons, ver dozen, 1s to 9s 
=- _ per 100, 6s to 14a 
is, per peck, 6 
= Por:nyal, p. 1b.) is to 58 do, 
Apples, Dess., per bush., 7s to 204 Filberts, English, 
- 15s Nuts, 
li 
Kitchen, 74 to ts, Cob, per 1 
Pears, per hí.-sv., 64 to 16s -- Barcelona, 9 
Oranges, per dozen, 15:0 91 6d — Brazil, 1s 
— per 100, 4s to 18. — Spanish, 14s 
Walnuts. por bushel, 16s to 208 
Chesnuts, per peck, às to 73 
VEGETABLES. 
Cabbages, per doz., 62 tots 6d Parenips, per doz, 8d to 1s 
= red, per doz., 48 to 84 Seorzonera, per bundie, '8d 
Broccoli, Brown, per bile, 9a to 12 2| Salatty, dog 1y to le ae OAS \ 
— White, &d to 24 Onions, per bushel, 1s 6d to 5s 
— Spanish, per doz, 6s 
French Beans, per 100, 1s 6d t028 6d | Shallot, per 1b. od te Bade l 
Garlic, per lb., 6d te 
Endive, per score, 64 to 
> a 
~ deville, per 100, Gs to 16s 
— per dozen, 9s to 9s 6d 
H 
4 to 9 Lettuce, per score, Cab., 4d to 6d 
s to 4a 6d. =~ _ 08, to 2s 
^ Radishes, per 12 hands, 4d to 1s 
Mushrooms, per portla, 0d tp ly | 
"P Small Salads, per punnet, 8d to 8d | 
2d to 8d 
» 28 to Savory, per bunch, Ad to 6d 
undle, 1« 6d to 6r | Thyme, per bunch. 4d | 
2s to 4s atercress, p. 12 sm. bun. 6d to 8d | 
Parsley, per bunch, 1d toad 
pa loots, per bundle, ls | 
x of che week, at our last 
quotations, but as the «lose there was a general improvement in the demand. 
for the best s mples of Reds at advances prices, York Reds, 
140s per ton; ditto Regents, 40s to 90s per ton; Sha 
Scotch Reds, 75s to 85e per ton; inferior lots, 40s to 50s per ton. There 
are some fresh cargoes of Perthshire Keds opened this morning, for which 
90a per ton in asked. 
SMITHFIELD, Monpay, April 20.—Per Stone of 81bs. 
Best Scots, Heretords, &o. sa 0to4s 4| Best Long-wools -= = 4:10 to 58 
Best Short Horns | - 310 4 0 Ditto (shorn). 4 4 
Second quality Beasts - 8 0 3 4| Ewesand second quality 
v D { 
"alves = a a 4 4 itto (shorn) 
Best Downs & Half-breds 5 0 5 4| Lambs - -< "n 
tto (shorn) 
asta, Bi 
iut T 2027. 2r ael RU cH 
» 8863; Sheep and Lambs, 18,020; Calves, 61; Pigs, 313. 
We have to-day a large supply of Beasts of excellent quality, the demand 
s also j the very do not suffer much reduction 
in price, but several of the second-rate» remain unsold.— Although the num- 
r inci 
however, is still making 5s 4d.— Lamb is not so much in request, t [her 
Being ooldi-xPoti trad b " a ap 
MARK-LANE, Monpay. 
The supply of English Wheat by lan 
rning was moderate, and fine qualities bein 
commanded an advance of 1s. per qr. ; free foreign meets a re- 
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Peas support their former value.—The Oat trade improves, | 
which enables factors to realise 6d, to 1s, per qr. more than on 
this day se'nnight, 
ISH, PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. $. 8. $. 8. 
Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Suffolk, White 58 65 61 
—— Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire T 50 68 Whi o | 
Barley, Malting and distilling 290 togls Chevalier 30 34 Grind, 23 95 I 
Oats, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire . — . TE | 
'umberland and Scote! 
— Iris i ANET 
Malt, pale, ship guile 
— Hertford and Essex . 
Harrow-31 48 
Winds — — Longpod— — 
+ 3410 58 Maple 29 38 Grey, 4,28 [9l 
; FRIDAY, April 24, 
The arrivals of all Grain during the week have been mode- 
ve o TOM Id EDO d 1. 86 
Beans, Mazagan, old and new 97 to 40 Tick $9 46 
—— ' Pigeon, Heligoland . 84 to 03 
Peas, White wo TW 
prevents sales to any extent, | 
MPERIAL AVERAGES, 
j Wheat. Barley.| Oats e . 
Mar. 14 per Quarter.) 54s dd} 29s y ane. j P 
at oar cee OS 
- 28 . . 55 5 
t, 4 . B 55 9 \ 
Ape: 1k, €. 49 $i 88 
STEP qr ef SEO i 
6 weeks' Aggreg. Aver. | 55 5 
Du on Forelgn Grain! 17 0 
Diagram showing the fluctuations in the price of Corn on the average of tb € 
six weeksending Saturday, April 18. 
edi pera secs el d stai AE TRE E 
Pricam, j| Mar. 14 | Mar, 21 | Man 28) Aram 4 |-ARI11 | Aram 18 
56s 2d 
— 1 
— 0 
55 10 
—9 
— 5 
—1 
54 10 
— 9 
— 8. | 
— 6 
— $— m 
Seis ie tes 
Krwosronp;ANp Lax f 
