20—1846.] 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE. 
321 
mit it for insertion in the hope that it may tend to 
direct attention to the subject :—* The canker, as it is 
called, in fruit-trees I have invariably observed to be 
occasioned by external injuries, either from insects or 
Otherwise, causing stoppages in the flow of the sap, and 
thus creating ruptures or cracking in the bark ; and not 
y anything in the sap itself, proceeding from roots 
Yeaching the subsoil, as is most generaily supposed. 
The insect I find to be generally the cause of the disease 
is equally destructive wherever I have seen it gain ad- 
Mittance to the bark—Pears, Apples, Cherries, and 
Geans, all suffering alike from its ravages. I have 
Never yet been able to detect the insect in the winged 
State, although the caterpillar is easily found at all 
Seasons. It is, I may remark, evidently distinct from 
the caterpillar which commonly infests the leaves of 
fruit-trees, and when picked out of the holes or burrows 
which it makes in the inner bark of the tree, it allows 
itself to fall gently down by means of its fine silk thread, 
as is the manner of most small caterpillars. have 
found the following cure successful in exterminating 
this pest. With a sharp knife scrape off all the dead 
Part of the bark of the diseased parts of the tree in 
the wood, leaving the mouth of the wound clean and 
Neat all round ; if this is done it will immediately begin 
to close round about, and heal. Another mode of cure 
I have found also very successful is as follows :—Over 
a gentle fire mix the following ingredients in the quan- 
tities given: viz. tobacco water, 4 pints; train oil, 
7 gills ; soft soap, 1 lb. ; turpentine, 1 gill; nux vomica, 
l ounce ; flower of sulphur, 1 lb. When this has be- 
come like thin paint, brush it well into the insect-bur- 
rows in the bark, and it will assuredly kill all the small 
insects it may meet. In large trees, however, it is 
Sometimes scarcely possible to anoint the tree so well 
ut that some will escape to appear in the following 
Spring (which circumstance causes many persons to con- 
Sider such applications of no use); but by applying the 
mixture carefully in the spring or the fall of the year, 
when there is no foliage on the tree (for it must be 
borne in mind it is hurtful to the foliage), the numbers 
will be greatly diminished, and this is the end in view 
50 far gained. The brown scale is another enemy of 
the orchard, its attacks being not confined to the green- 
ouse and hothouse, but extending to the Apple, Pear, 
lum, Peach, and Apricot trees out of doors. Eradi- 
cation of this pest is peculiarly difficult ; for the female 
insect, after having deposited her eggs, forms an almost 
impenetrable shield to them by her own body. Scarcely 
anything short of sefaping the bark will remove it. 
Where, however, this is inconvenient, or the disease too 
far extended to allow of scraping being done with safety 
to the tree, there are various remedies resorted to, such 
as washing with tobacco water, Soft soap and water, 
lime water, &c., all destructive of insect life. Vegetable 
Solutions will seldom be found injurious to trees; but 
Mineral washes are generally much so, and often dan- 
Serous ; lime water is, however, an exception. I have 
tried it often and found it harmless to vegetables if 
administered sparingly, although most destructive to 
insects. It is, however, not an easy matter to get an, 
application to bear upon this pest, from the circumstance 
ave already stated, of the female covering the eggs 
closely with her own body after being deposited. If 
applied in spring, however, when the young begin to be 
locomotive, the lime water will generally be found to be 
Successful. I may remark that in the spring the insect 
May be seen by the aid of a pocket microscope moving 
along the branches. A second application may be made 
after the leaves have expanded ; this may destroy such 
individuals as may have escaped the first anointment, 
and thus prevent them injuring the young wood. The 
lime water will not hurt the leaves if carefully applied." 
—George Lawso’ Hawk. Dundee. 
hil 
8, 
Societies 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
Tur first of the ANNUAL Seres of Exarsrrions in 
the Chiswick Gardens took place on Saturday last. The 
Weather was most propitious, and the exhibition per- 
haps the best that has ever graced the gardens, It was 
Inspected by H. R. H. Prince Albert at an early hour, and 
4844 Fellows and their friends passed through the gates. 
is pe general features, however, of this wonderful 
dispi ay appear in a Leading Article in another column, 
We proceed at once to describe the scene in detail, com- 
Mencing with the large collections of 40 Srove and 
REENHOUSE Prants, Here the competitors were Mr. 
Obertson, gr. to Mrs, Lawrence, of Ealing Park, and 
" Barnes, gr. to G. W. Norman, Esq., of Bromley. 
The Large Gold Medal on this occasion was awarded 
to Mr, Robertson. The collection was composed of 
arge and al her fii peci o ltivation. A 
the back stood a beautiful plant of the purple Azalea 
Phænicea, and supporting it were Epacris grandiflora, 
3 feet in height, and nearly as much in diameter ; 
Eriostemon myoporoides, about 5 feet in height and 
feet in diameter ; two immense bushes of Chorozema 
varium ; a Hardenbergia macrophylla, closely covering 
an upright cylindrical trellis, about 6 feet in height ; 
two fine specimens of the showy Pimelea spectabilis ; 
and a luxuriant Statice macrophylla, producing three 
flowering spikes not quite in beauty, Associated 
With these were Eriostemon buxifolium, about 2 feet 
in height and as much through, thickly studded with 
ittle white stars ; immense bushes of Pimelea decussata; 
and P. hypericifolia; the latter covered with little tufts of 
White blossoms; a very! iant Clerodendron Kz 
mpferi 
M p T yen: 
and a Gnidia pinifolia, about 2 feet in height, and 3 feet | Eutaxia myrtifolia.—Of 12 
1n diameter, perhaps the finest plant of the kind ever 
i 
exhibited. The group contained, moreover, a tall 
Eriostemon cuspidatum, Zichya inophylla floribunda, 
trained over a circular trellis; a somewhat naked, but 
well bloomed plant of Leschenaultia Baxteri ; a hand- 
some L. formosa; a small, but neat Hovea Celsi, in 
Mr. Green, gr. to Sir E. Antrobus, Bart., was the best” 
It contained a blue Leschenaultia, and a pretty L. for" 
mosa, Pimelea Hendersoni, a ve ne large Azalea 
Gledstanesii, a pretty plant of the Heath-leaved Dill- 
wynia, Hovea Celsi in lovely condition, an Ixora cocci- 
fine bloom; and the curious yell d A 
littorea, with a splendid Boronia pinnata, covered with 
ltitudes of pink st d flowers. In front were 
Acrophyllum venosum, a pretty little plant with nume- 
rous whorls of yellowish-white flowers; Chorozema 
Hendersoni, trained over a wire trellis ; Podolobium 
staurophyllum, a mass of bloom ; Gastrolobium spino- 
sum. a fine plant covered with multitudes of Ch 
nea, asp grown Aphelexis humilis in fine bloom, 
and a pretty Boronia serrulata. Along with these 
were, moreover, Eriostemon buxifolium, not sufficiently 
in bloom, the yellow-flowered Gompholobi lendens, 
and Epiphyllum rubrum czeruleum, the latter quite a 
mass of flowers. The next group in point of merit was 
produced by Mr. Ayres, gr. to J. Cook, Esq., of Brook- 
lands, Blackheath. In this collection we remarked a 
like flowers ; a neat well-bloomed Daviesia Fraseri; and 
a luxuriant growing plant of the scarlet-flowered Sipho- 
campylus coccineus. Of Azaleas, in addition to the 
centre one, the collection contained a finely-grown, but 
thinly-bloomed specimen of lateritia, a lovely variegata, 
about 2 feet in diameter, and the same in height; a fine 
plant of the yellow-blossomed sinensis ; and a large 
indica alba. Of the genus Erica, we remarked a 
large intermedia, well bloomed; a good Cavendishii, 
not quite in perfection; two fine specimens of 
persoluta alba, about 5 feet in height, literally masses 
of white blossom; and a good vestita alba, richly 
ornamented with whorls of white flowers.—Mr. 
Barnes’s collection consisted too much of Azaleas 
and Heaths ; but in addition to these it also contained 
other plants remarkable for fine cultivation. In the 
centre, at the back of the stage, stood a noble white 
Indian Azalea, and supporting it were Epacris grandi- 
flora, a large plant in fine health ; an immense speci- 
men, 3 feet in height and 4 in diameter, of Pheenocoma 
prolifera, and a famous Aphelexis vestita. Other re- 
markable plants were Eriostemon buxifolium, hardly 
sufficiently in bloom ; Polygala oppositifolia, 4 feet in 
height, and a mass of blossom ; an excellent Podolobium 
staurophyllum, covered with flowers ; a pretty Pimelea 
Hendersoni, 2 feet in height and the same in diameter; 
Daviesia latifolia, trained on a wire trellis, with the 
lateral branches hanging gracefully, and loaded with 
owers ; a neat plant of Acrophyllum venosum, with 
flower spikes 4 inehes in length ; and a famous plant, 
well bloomed, of the larger flowered Aphelexis purpu- 
rea, Inthe same group were Leschenaultia formosa, 
in capital condition as regards health, but insufficiently 
in bloom ; a fine bush of Boronia denticulata, 3 feet in 
height, and as much in diameter ; Dillwynia clavata, 
trained hemispherically, and a good Polygala cordifolia. 
Of Azaleas, the collection contained two finely bloomed 
plants of Smith’s coccinea, a beautiful plant of splen- 
dens variegata, 5 feet across and 3 feet in height, studded 
with bloom ; a good specimen of the double red, trium- 
phans, loaded with brilliant rosy pink blossoms of large 
size ; a low spreading bush of Gledstanesii, macrantha 
purpurea, a mass of bluish-purple flowers, a large va- 
riegata studded with blossoms, and two fine plants of 
the brilliant red-flowered lateritia, together with a fine 
specimen of A. sinensis. The group comprised from the 
genus Erica, a fine plant of grandinosa, 4 feet in height 
and 3 in diameter ; a Hartnelli of similar dimensions, 
and finely in bloom ; a large and fine intermedia ; Thun- 
bergia, 3 feet in height and as much across, covered 
with small orange flowers ; two pretty plants of Caven- 
dishii, and one of vestita alba; a large ventricosa tri- 
color, not sufficiently in bloom ; a good favoides ele- 
gans, and a small but well grown depressa. 
Collections of 20 Srovz and GREENHOUSE PLANTS were 
contributed by Messrs. Fraser, of Lea Bridge-road, and 
y Mr. Hunt, gr. to Miss Traill, of Bromley. In the 
former group were some very remarkable examples of 
first-rate cultivation. Of these may be mentioned an 
immense bush of Pimelea linifolia, 4 feet in height, and 
upwards of 5 feet in diameter ; a large P. lanata, and a 
remarkably well-grown P, spectabilis, the latter hardly 
sufficiently in blossom ; along with these were Eutaxia 
pungens, a tall and fine Daviesia latifolia, a small Erica 
suaveolens, covered with whorls of lilac blossoms; a 
large but thinly-bloomed purple Azalea ; Franciscea 
Hopeana, loaded with white and blue flowers ; anda 
beautiful Aphelexis humilis, In the same group were 
also Zichya villosa, 5 feet in height; an admirably 
r ti hyll fin d 
] 
good Pimelea decussata, a famous Leschenaultia for- 
mosa, Erica Hartnelli in fine condition, a large finely 
grown Pentas carnea, and admirably managed plants of 
Ixora croeata and coccinea. In addition to these were, 
moreover, the excellent Stephanotis floribunda, noticed 
on a former occasion, a pretty little Boronia serrulata ; 
a fine plant of the large flowered variety of Aphelexis 
spectabilis ; large well grown plants of Polygala oppo- 
sitifolia and Begonia coccinea, and a most beautiful 
dwarf compact Azalea, composed of 3 varieties, late- 
ritia, Gledstanesii, and variegata, inarched on one stock, 
the various coloured flowers with which it was studded 
contrasting finely with one another. A third group 
came from Mr. Bruce, gr. to B. Miller, Esq., of Colliers 
Wood, Lower Tooting, who contributed an admirable 
Aphelexis sesamoides, beautiful plants of the red 
nd blue-flowered ] i ood Ch 
varium, Stephanotis floribunda, in lovely condi- 
tion ; a famous Erica propendens, covered with little 
pink bells ; and a fine plant of Chorozema varium, In 
the same group were also a small Boronia pinnata, 
Gompholobium polymorphum, trained over a wiretrellis; 
an Epiphyllum, and a splendid plant of Aphelexis 
humilis, and another of Adenandra speciosa, the latter 
forming a complete ball of flowers, nearly 3ft. in 
diameter.—Mr, Slowe, gr. to W. R. Baker, Esq., of Bay- 
fordbury, sent a large spreading white Azalea, a good 
Vinea rosea, Pimelea spectabilis, a good plant, but badly 
coloured ; a pretty Lescl ltia formosa, Ch 
ovatum, an Aphelexis humilis, Polygala oppositi- 
folia, and a small but good Boronia serrulata. Other 
collections of nearly equal merit came from Mr. Epps, 
of Maidstone, and Mr. Pamplin, of Walthamstow. . In 
Mr. Epps'ss group we remarked a small but pretty 
Aphelexis spectabilis grandiflora, a small Siphocam- 
pylus coccineus, a largé Begonia coccinea, two small 
plants of the red Ixora, Erica Hartnelli, large plants of 
horozema varium, and Pimelea decussata, the latter 
bare at the bottom; a very fine Tropzolum tricolor, 
trained over a circular trellis ; Eutaxia myrtifolia, and 
a small Boronia serrulata. Mr. Pamplin's group con- 
tained a large Coleonema gracilis, the beautiful purple- 
flowered Crotolaria elegans, a plant well deserving of 
more extensive cultivation ; à good Correa ven- 
tricosa, a’ famous plant of Prostranthera violacea, 
Epacris grandifi a good Ad dra speciosa, a 
small Chorozema Dicksoni, an Azalea, and a somewhat 
bare Pimelea linifolia.—Of 6 Srove and GREENHOUSE 
Prants, there were no fewer than 11 collections, all of 
them highly creditab! the ik The group 
to which the first prize was awarded was from the gar- 
den of W. Block, Esq., Muswell-hill ; it contained a 
good Aphelexis humilis, an Ixora coccinea, a large Tro- 
pæolum tricolor, a Genista, Boronia serrulata, and a 
good Chorozema varium. Mr. Catleugh, of Chelsea, 
produced a well-grown Lantana mutabilis ; Euphorbia 
splendens, in fine condition ; a capital Statice arborea ; 
a small, but good, Pimelea spectabilis ; a pretty Choro- 
zema varium, and a well grown Gardenia radicans. 
Other six plantsfrom Mr. Carson, gr.to W.F. G. Farmer, 
Esq., of Nonsuch-park, Cheam, wére a large Epacris 
grandiflora; Hardenbergia monophylla ; a large Pime- 
lea decussata ; a standard Azalea Gledstanesii ; a good 
Polygala oppositifolia ; and a pretty Tropzeolum tricolor. 
In addition to those, Mr. Malyon, gr. to J. Brandram, 
Esq., Blackheath, sent a small, but well bloomed 
Epacris pulcheila, Azalea Woodsii, a good Leschenaultia 
formosa, and a pretty Erica ventricosa pragnans. 
Mr. Cooper, at Mr. Pawley’s, Bromley, produced Erica 
m P 
Pp 
grown Dio phyllum, a f 
Azalea lateritia, and an excellent Chorozema Hench- 
manni, 4 feet in height, and 3 feet in diameter. The 
collection, moreover, contained Polygala acuminata, a 
splendid specimen of the yellow-blossomed Erica cam- 
panulata, a pretty Boronia pinnata, an immense bush 
of Epaeris grandiflora, and two Azaleas. In Mr. Hunt's 
group was a famous Gompholobium polymorphum 
just coming into bloom, covering beautifully a shield- 
formed trellis of large dimensions ; a pretty little plant 
t| of the best variety of Erica aristata,a good Boronia 
serrulata, a large and fine Pimelea decussata ; Azalea 
variegata, 2 feet in height and 3 feet in width, literally 
a mass of flowers ; Erica Hartnelli, 4 feet in height and 
the same in width; a white Indian Azalea, a small Lesche- 
naultia formosa, and a very fine Erica perspicua nana, 
covering the pot, together with a tall Ixora coccinea, hav- 
ing 14 heads of bloom, and a very fine Azalea lateritia, 
measuring 4 ft. in height and about 3 ft. in width. Along 
with these were a small Pimelea hispida, an immense 
spectabilis, at least 5 feet in diameter, hardly enough 
advanced in bloom ; Zichya villosa, covering a wire 
trellis ; a small but fine Aphelexis humilis, anda lovely 
Tropzeolum difl The collecti moreover, 
contained an exceedingly fine Azalea splendens ; 
pretty Hovea Celsi, Dillwynia. epee and a large 
G 
2 
a tall Coleonema pulehra, good plants of 
Euphorbia splendens and Pimelea spectabilis, and a 
fine Tropseolum tricolor. From Mr. Taylor, gr. to 
J. Costar, Esq., of Streatham, were a white Azalea, 
Boronia serrulata, a pretty Erica propendens, a beauti- 
ful Azalea lateritia, and a good Aphelexis humilis. 
Mr. Jack, gr. to R. G. Loraine, Esq., of Wallington 
Lodge, Surrey, sent a famous Chorozema Dicksonii, a 
small but neat Gnidia pinifolia, Aphelexis humilis, a 
capital Achimenes picta, the yellow-blossomed Erica 
sulphurea, and a well managed Polygala cordata. 
Another group of six plan's eame from Mr. Stanly, gr. 
to erens, Esq., of Sideup, Kent. These were 
Zichya inophylla, the beautiful Aphelexis sesamoides, 
the large-flowered variety of Tropzolum tricolor, a 
somewhat bare plant of Gompholobium polymorphum, 
and a Boronia serrulata, with the branches trained 
d . Other collections inferior to the above in 
point of merit were produced by Mr. Poole, of Leyton, 
Essex, by Mr. May, of Woodford, in the same county, 
and by Mr, Hill, gr. to P. Davies, Esq., of East Acton. 
In these groups were good plants of Leschenaultia 
Baxteri, the pretty purple flowered Crotalaria elegans, 
not often seen in collections; a fine Hardenbergia 
monophylla, Pimelea decussata in fine condition, and a 
well.grown Epaeris awe 
hi llecti o 
SrovE an 
; that 
Prawrs, there were six 
m 1 by 
Ronips though numerous, were 
scarcely so rich in large and fine plants as we have 
