21—1846.] THE 
AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
347 
per thousand; and the digging, placing, and filling in, 
at 6d. per rod of 54 yards. I hope we shall hear no 
more of filling drains with stones, bushes, or other 
costly or useless matters. I have practically proved 
the past year, on 33 aeres, that they are not required, 
and that inch pipes at the depth and distance mentioned 
are in every respect sufficient to carry off the water. 
In fact, my drainage has proved itself cheap and per- 
fect, nor do I see any room for improvement—unless 
some machine could be invented to supersede hand 
labour in the lower cuttings ; this I have reason to be- 
lieve will soon be accomplished. As I have said before, 
doubters on deep drainage are quite at liberty to in- 
spect my farm, and satisfy their minds at any and 
all times.—J. J. Mechi, Tiptree-hail, near Kelvedon, 
Essex, May 9, 1846. 
Gas Lime.—* G, M.” has just purchased a quantity 
of lime which has been used in purifying gas, and also 
of ashes from the furnace of the gas works, the latter 
having been saturated with the ammoniacal water. He 
is desirous of information as to the best method of ap. 
plying these substances to the Turnip erop, and wishes 
to know if the lime in its present state will injure the 
manuring properties of coal ashes and night soil pro- 
eured from a neighbouring town, when mixed in the 
proportion of one ecart-load of the lime to six of coal 
ashes and night-soil, and if this mixture would injure 
bones or guano, the latter being sown separately in the 
bottom of the Turnip drill. * G. M." takes this oppor- 
tunity of mentioning the singular effect which sulphate 
of copper had upon some common Oats when used as a 
steep for the prevention of smut, as was recommended 
in the Calendar of Operations in the Agricultural 
Gazette, of March 14th, 1846. The seed, which was 
steeped, came through the ground about the same time 
as the unsteeped, but soon had a very bad appearance, 
owing to the plants not having any roots. After some 
days roots appeared a little way up the shoots, and now 
the roots, which should at first have come out in the 
opposite direction to the shoots, have turned and are 
bursting out at the side of the husks, anywhere but in 
the right direction. The crop has a better appearance 
than at first, but still looks very inferior to the part 
that was not steeped. “G. M." would be glad to know 
if any others have experienced similar injurious effects 
from the use of this steep. [With regard to the gas 
lime, if it has been perfectly saturated at the gas 
works it will not injure any ammoniacal manure, but if 
it still contains caustic lime unsaturated it will drive off 
ammonia wherever and in whatever form it may meet 
it. You may apply it without fear of injury in a mix- 
ture with coal ashes. The best plan to prepare it for 
Use is to mix it in a compost with some loose vegetable 
Material which shall keep it open and free to the action 
of the air ; and it should also be turned frequently. It 
4s a hydrosulphuret of lime, and by the absorption of 
the oxygen of the air it becomes a sulphate of lime or 
Sypsum. You may apply a couple of cart-loads per 
acre, after this exposure to the air, broadeast, before 
iling the land up for Turnips. We shall be glad to 
hear the further history of your Oats.] 
Feeding Horses—In reply to the inquiry of «A 
Young Farmer,” at Newcastle, Mr. Ramsay begs to 
say, the subject of the feeding of horses was introduced 
by Mr. Bates at the Newcastle Farmers’ Club, he 
(Mr. R.) being chairman, made the few remarks alluded 
to; the subject was not considered sufficiently eluci- d 
dated, and it is intended to re-introduce it, in order 
that the information required by“ A Young Farmer" 
may be furnished. In the mean time, if * A Young 
Farmer,” thirsting for knowledge, will add his yearly 
mite of 10s. 6d. to the club, he will gain much of the 
information he requires, and Mr. R. will also be happy 
to show him the process of cutting hay, &e., and feed- 
ing horses, or anything else on his establishment.— 
+ H. R. 
Wind Power for Threshing.—Inoticed in your Paper 
of 2d inst., an enquiry respecting the cost of wind power 
to a thrashing machine. I take the liberty of writing, 
to say that if the enquirer has a pretty good barn, and 
d 
in, | T. B. Browne, Esq.; H. Burr, Esq.; G. Darby, Esq.; 
C. Eyre, Esq.; Dr. Fownes; A.E. Fuller, Esq., M.P. ; 
J. B. Glegg, Esq. ; H. Hudson, jun., Esq. ; E. Hussey, 
Esq. ; Rev. C. E. Keene ; H. Price; J. Roddam, Esq.; 
S. Solly, Esq.; T. R. Tweed, Esq.; D. C. Webb, 
Esq.; J. Wood, Esq. ; and Francis Woodward, Esq. 
The following new members were elected :— 
Wright, William, Gresford Bank, Chester. 
Bryan, Frederick Thomas, Knossington, Oakham, Rutland. 
Lowndes, Robert, Tattenhall, Chester, 
Gibson, Wm., d-street, N stl Tyne. 
Dew, Tomkins, Whitney Court, Hereford. 
Stubbs, Frederick, Wetmoor, Ludlow, Salop. 
Domville, Rev. William, Winfortin, Hereford. 
utler, Thomas, Walwick, Hexham, Northumberland, 
Stable, George Waugh, Neweastle-upon-Tyne. 
Bagot, Lord, Blithfield, Rugely X 
attord e, 
Loraine, John Lambton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
their duty to discourage every attempt to introduce: v. 
gd 
theories, especially when it has been found by ex- 
perience that much steady progress may be made in 
the improvement of agriculture, by the obvious means 
of applying to one locality that system of management 
which has been proved to be successful in another 
similar locality. 
* In order to obtain a knowledge of the most ap- 
proved systems of husbandry, practised in different 
localities, the Society not only holds its Country 
Meetings, from year to year, in various districts, but 
incites and remunerates by its prizes for County Re- 
ports, and Essays on distinct topics of inquiry, that 
communication of practical experience which, by pub- 
lication in the ‘Journal, becomes accessible to the 
agricultural community. 
Russell, George Greenwell, Willington, 
Drewry, George, Holker-house, Cartmell, Lancashire. 
Grace, Edward, Walls’ End, Neweastle-upon-Tyne, 
Patterson, John, Holbec hir 
James, John, Pilgrim-s 
Neweastle-upon-Tyne. 
am, Surrey. 
Jackson, John Somerville, Eastham, Chester 
The names of 41 candidates for election at the next 
meeting were then read. 
On the motion of the Duke of Richmond, seconded 
by Sir Robert Price, Bt, M.P., the thanks of the 
Council were voted to the Railway Companies who had 
granted a reduction on their usual charges in favour of 
exhibitors at the Newcastle meeting of the Society. 
Communieations were received from Mr. Chrisp, of 
Neweastle, accepting the office of one of the auctioneers 
atthe ensuing Country Meeting of the Society, under 
theregulations preseribed by the Couneil; from M: 
Dickson, presenting a copy of his work on Flax ; from 
Mr. Glover, Sec. to the Newcastle Local Committee, 
on the subject of Prizes for Poultry and Black-faced 
Sheep ; from Mr. Curtis, R.N., on a manure composed 
of fishy matter and lire ; from Mr. Milward, a present 
of a work on Keeping Farming Accounts from Mr. 
Parkinson, of Leyfield ; from Mr. Purchas, on results 
in the employment of Acid and Bones as a Manure ; 
and from Prof, Sewell, « znecimen of Salts which having 
been sold as “ Glauber's Salts,” had poisoned three 
cows, the salts proving to be not Glauber's Salts (sul- 
vhate of soda) but the nitrate of soda. Interesting 
discussions and statements of facts, followed the reading 
and presentation of these several communieations, the 
Couneil adjourned to Wednesday, the 3d of June. 
A Sprcran Counc was then held, the Rt. Hon. 
Lord Portman in the chair, for the purpose of agreeing 
to a report of the Council to the General Meeting. 
Tar Genera May Muerine was held Yesterday at 
the Society’s House in Hanover Square, the Right Hon. 
ord Portman, President, in the chair. 
On the motion of Lord Camoys, seconded by Colonel 
Challoner, the Earl of Egmont was unanimously elected 
President of the Society for the year ensuing the rising 
of the Neweastle Meeting, on the 18th of July next. 
On the motion of R. A. Slaney, Esq., seconded by 
J. Dean, Esq., the Vice-Presidents, and on that of 
J. Berens, Esq., seconded by T. Raymond Barker, Esq., 
he Trustees of the Society, were unanimously re- 
elected. 
E. A. Sanford, Esq., James Dean, Esq., and Thomas 
Knight, Esq., having been nominated Serutineers for 
the election of 25 members of Council, the House List 
was unanimously adopted by the meeting ; 18 of the 
members who went out this year by rotation being 
re-elected, and the following new members of Couneil 
elected, for the ensuing two years, namely, John Bell 
Crompton, Esq., of Duffield Hall, near Derby ; Samuel 
Druce, Esq., of Ensham, near Oxford; Lord South- 
ampton, Whittlebury Lodge, near Towcester, North- 
amptonshire; Riehard Garrett, Esq., of Leiston, near 
S dk uffolk ; William Shaw, jun., Esq., of 
Well situated for wind, I would humbly 
: a 
ind of horizontal sail which I have contrived, but 
information, and at the same time let me state that I 
have no further interest in the matter than that of 
being useful to my brother farmers.— John Nowgate, 
ay Park, Knaresbro’, Yorkshire. 
Hocteties. 
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY or ENG LAND. 
A WzxzxrY CouNcr was heldon Wednesday, the 20th 
AS present, the Rt, Hon. Lord Porrman, President, in 
8 ^ 1. J. Carnegie ; 
Ir M. W. Ridley, Bt. ; Sir Robert Price, Bt., M.P. 
P.; W. R. Browne, 
Kinder, Esq. ; Col. MacDouall ; W. Miles, Esq., M.P.; 
* Milwood, Esq.; E. S. Chandos Pole, Esq. ; P. Pusey, 
Sq. M.P.; F. Pym, Esq. ; E. A. Sanford, Esq. ; Pro. 
Ee Sewell; R. A. Slaney, Esq.; W. R. C. Stansfield, 
50, M.P. ; W. B. Wingate, Esq.; B. Almack, Esq. ; 
Far-Cotton, near Northampton ; Robert Smith, Esq., 
of Burley, Rutlandshire ; and Thomas Umbers, Esq., 
of Wappenbury, Warwickshire, 
The Secretary, by direction of the President, then 
read the following Report from the Council : 
* The economy of remunerative farming is one 
of the great objects of the Royal Agricultural 
Society of England, and at the same time one of the 
principal means through which that science included 
ige of local ll acquired on the spot, 
is repaid the exhibition of whatever has been 
found most desirable in breed of stock, or economical 
in the construction of implements ; and that mutual 
interchange of opinion amongst farmers themselves 
which tends to establish a good understanding among 
all parties connected with agricultural pursuits, and to 
remove those local prejudices which have so long re- 
tarded its progress. 
“Since the last General Meeting in December, the 
Council have had under their consideration the details 
connected with the following general subjects :— 
1. The FrNANCES of the Society. 
2. The ANNUAL COUNTRY MEETINGS; and 
3. The Prizss for Reports and Essays for 1846 and 1847. 
* Finances.—The Finance Committee have prepared, 
agreeably with the order of the Council, the first return 
of a quarterly statement of the receipts and payments, 
estimated income and liabilities of the Society, which 
will in future be made at the end of every three months. 
They have also submitted to the Council their Report 
on the funded property of the Society, and the arrears. 
of subseription, as well as their final balance-sheet of the 
Shrewsbury Meeting account. 
* The Finance Committee reported, at their last 
monthly meeting, that the invested capital of the 
Society consisted of 70007. stock, and that the current 
eash-balance in the hands of the bankers amounted to 
1482/. ; and that the arrears of subscription on the 31st. 
of December stood as follows :— 
3 Governors at 5l.each.. — ..  .. £ 15 
isi { 321 Me precios v ODE aste OH 
f 4Governorsat 5l n aoo s 20 
1842 1 617 Membe: aita iadi ruat 
ve i E 50 
11091 Members at Š n 
ov 
Total m oe .. os, £6726 
en discharged from the arrear account be- 
ast general meeting on the 3d of December, 
and the end of that month ; and a further reduction of 
336/. has been effected during the present year. Accord- 
ing to the bye-laws all subscriptions for the current year 
remaining unpaid on the Ist of June become in arrear, 
and no member whose subscription is so in arrear, is 
allowed to enjoy any of the privileges of the Society. 
“ Since the last General Meeting in December, 243 
new members have been elected, 30 have died, and 81 
have been struck off the list, and the Society now con- 
sists of— 
Life Governors .. o ef esr 
Annual Governors = ma T. OL 
Life Members — .. c E +: 55E 
Annual Members .. - ee .. 6105 
Honorary Members Niger 
Total .. .. .. 6971 
* The Auditors of Accounts on the part of the Society 
have presented, through the Finance Committee, their- 
report of the Society’s accounts to the end of the last 
half-year, which will be read to you by the Chairman 
of the Committee, 
* Country Mzrrines.—The Council have decided that, 
the Annual Country Meeting of the Society to be held 
this year at Newrastle-on-Tyne, shall take place in the 
week commencing the 13th of July ; Thursday, the 16th 
of that month, being the principal day of the show, and 
the day of the Pavilion dinner; and in order to increase 
the interest and usefulness of the occasion, they have 
been led by the success of their weekly Council’ Meet- 
ings in London, at which d an i 
tions of important matters have so frequently occurred, 
to give up the Council dinner on the Wednesday, for the 
purpose of adopting in its place discussion and inter- 
in the terms of their motto is to be derived and regu- 
ated; the observation of well established facts, and | 
the results of actual experiments, being the only | 
ground-work on which they admit that improvements 
in i can be ll d; while a clear 
knowledge of cause and effect under given circum- 
stances, and a detail of the particular cases to which 
such knowledge is applicable, is, in their opinion, the 
only safe seience to be recommended to their members. 
The theories of chemical agency, physical forces, and 
diti of local 
change of opin ion, having reference to agricultural topies 
of practical interest, on a more extended scale, and under 
distinct regulations for insuring to the members present 
the opportunity of both acquiring and communicating 
information. The Council have accordingly arranged 
that on (the evening of Tuesday the 14th of July, at 
5 o'clock, Prof. Jouwsrow, of Durham, one of the 
honorary members of the Society, will read a paper *On 
the Chemical Principles involved in the Preparation of 
Manures, and their Action upon Crops; with chemical 
organic action, under the varying 
circumstance or the control of vital influence, are 
in themselves important objects of inquiry for the 
philosopher; but it is only when the practical ap- 
plieation of their results becomes apparent, that 
they assume a form in which they cau be submitted to 
the test of trial, or be rationally expected to lend any 
id in p ing the imp of practical agri- 
culture, Accordingly, whilst calling in the aid of sci- 
ence to agricultural practice, the Council have felt it 
trations :? and on the following evening, at the 
same hour, Mr. Parkes, the consulting engineer of the 
Society, will read a paper on the subject of Draining ;” 
each of these papers being intended to form only prelimi- 
nary introductions to the practical diseussions which it is 
hoped will follow their perusal, under such regulations 
as the President may at the time decide to adopt. The 
Judges’ award of prizes will be read at the close of the 
discussion on Mr. Parkes’s paper. 
“In addition to the Society’s Prizes for ‘Sheep best 
