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` 289—1846; ] 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRO] 
[E 
CLE. 39d 
ORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.— 
Garden before Harr past Exaur o'clock, a.m., on the day of 
Exhibition. 5 
The gates will be open to Visitors at One, p.m. Tickets are 
issued to Fellows at this office, price 5s. each ; or at the @ar- 
den, in the afternoon of the days of Exhibition, at 7s. 6d. each ; 
but then only to Orders from Fellows of the Society. 
HIA Tickets will be issued in Regent-street on the day 
of Exhibition.—21, Regent-street. 
RIED PLANTS FROM CHINA.—A few sets of 
the VALUABLE DRIED PLANTS collected in China 
by Mr. Forrone, may still be procured by applying to R. 
Hiis Esq., Young-street, Kensington, ood on 
them are many new and rare species scarcely known to Euro- 
peans. 
The Gardeners Chronicle, 
SATURDAY, JUNE 6, 1846. 
Hann M 
MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS 
Wanensnay June 10 Migroscopical apakinti Bran 
o dco 
Society of Arte 
S^runpAY, — 13—Horticultural Gardens o. Dray 
‘Tunspay, (LS aaa RAE veo. de ee 
; COUNTRY SHOWS. 
Torspay, June 16 -Stamford Hill Horticultural, 
Wrowespay, — 17- Scottish Pansy Society. 
‘Tnurspay, — 18—Grayesend and Milton Hort, Society. 
ErsswnurnE will be found various receipts for the 
DESTRUCTION or THE ÁÀPHIDES which are swarming 
in our gardens. The efficacy of each receipt is 
vouched for by its advocate, and, we doubt not, in 
all cases truly. — "Tobacco-water, tobacco-dust, 
soap-suds, and gas-water, all have their admirers. 
We patronise smelling-salts. 
We doubt not, however, that complaints may 
and will come of the inutility of all these applica- 
tions. People fancy that it is enough to throw or 
trundle the fluid over the infested bushes, once for 
all, and the thing is done. They forget that no ap- 
plication whatever can reach the insects that lurk 
in the folds of the leaves; that others will be 
missed even on the surface; and that these crea- 
tures multiply at a rate somewhat greater than 
even the population of London. Thousands and 
tens of thousands may be destroyed to-night, and 
to-morrow others fall into the ranks and recruit 
the legions. 
One or two applications of any sort can be 
productive of little relief. They must be frequently 
Tepeated, and skilfully—by sharp and quick expul- 
Sions in small quantity from a fine-rosed syringe. 
Tf that is done, we guarantee the riddance of the 
Pest by means of carbonate of ammonia ; for we have 
removed it ourselves within the week. 
As to the proportion of carbonate of ammonia 
(smelling-salts) which it is expedient to use, that 
depends upon its quality. If bought fresh of the 
wholesale chemists, half an ounce to a quart of 
water is enough; but it is often much weaker. 
It has the great merit of being clean, and effec- 
tual ; besides which, it improves the health of the 
foliage very much. All the other washes, although 
they be as powerful, are dirty, and therefore objec- 
tionable in flower gardens. ' : 
Ix the document which has emanated from a 
Committee of the House of Lords, under the name 
of a “ Report from the Select Committee on the 
Burthens affecting Real Property,” is the following 
paragraph ; which, since it stands in the very front 
of the paper, was, we presume, regarded as one of 
importance :— 
.*The Committee have thought it expedient to 
divide the subject of their inquiry into two heads, 
viz.,— Restrictions upon cultivation and positive 
charges, both being imposed for the general advan- 
tage, and not for the special benefit of that class on 
which they exclusively or mainly fall. . Under the 
first head it appears to the Committee that they 
Should include the prohibition to grow Tosacco.” 
„We trust that the noble lords who have adopted 
this report will not be offended at our inquiring most 
respectfully what is meant by a “restriction upon 
Cultivation not imposed for the special benefit of 
the class restricted ;” or rather what restriction upon 
Cultivation ever was imposed for the special benefit 
ofthe class restricted. Plain people are greatly 
troubled by their incapacity to interpret such mys- 
terious sentences. € can understand that a law 
9 prohibit Tobaceo-smoking or felo de se would be 
a restriction for a man's own benefit; but we do 
not exactly see the analogy between such laws 
3nd the prohibition of Tobacco-erowing. 
€ are the more embarrassed. how to interpret 
the „Paragraph in question, because Tobacco is never 
ium touched upon in the Report. We resume, 
mes that the meaning of the committee must 
ied to be this: * that the prohibition to grow 
NES is a _burthen upon land, because the 
Acco-crop is profitable; and that it would be 
an advantage to a cultivator in this country if he 
were allowed to enter the field against the United 
States, the Levant, Brazil, Cuba, and Manilla.” In 
support of this view an argument might be con- 
structed thus: Tobacco is grown in France and 
Holland, therefore it may be grown in Great Britain 
and Ireland ; Tobacco is enormously dear, there- 
fore it must be profitable to grow it; whatever can 
be grown profitably ought to be permitted, or the 
interests of the cultivator are affected ; therefore 
as the growth of Tobacco is prohibited the land is 
burthened by the law. 
Such seems to us to be the meaning of the Lords’ 
report, and as this at least is the interpretation 
which other uninformed persons, as well as ourselves, 
will be apt to put uponit, we will take leave to 
point out some well ascertained facts connected 
with the cultivation of Tobacco, in order that no 
false expectations may be excited respecting its 
advantages. 
That Tobacco may be grown in this country we 
all know. It is commonly seen in gardens, and its 
cultivation as a garden plantis never interfered with. 
So also are many other things grown in gardens ; we 
believe indeed that any plant may be reduced 
beneath the dominion of the Horticulturist. But 
that is not the question. What it is necessary to 
determine is not whether a plant can be grown, but 
whether it can be grown profitably. If Tobacco is 
notin the last predicament we do not see how a pro- 
hibition to grow it can any more be regarded as an 
injury to a man than prohibiting him from growing 
Rice or any other hot country crop. 
Tobacco is found to require the very best descrip- 
tion of soil, in the very finest tilth. It must have 
a great abundance of manure, and a fine warm 
summer; besides which in a country like England 
it must originally be raised by artificial heat. In 
Flanders, where a good deal of it is grown, it is said 
to require an abundance of labour, manure, and 
money. Besides which, even on the Continent, 
where the summers are so much warmer and uniform 
than our own, it is regarded as a most precarious 
crop. 
The cost of manure alone fora Flemish acre, is 
stated by Van Aelbroeck to amount to 29/4. The 
average crop is found to consist of 2300 lbs. of 
leaves of the best quality ; 750 lbs. of an inferior 
description ; and 250 lbs. of those near the surface, 
which, being injured and mixed with sand, are of 
little worth. The commercial value of this pro- 
duce cannot be fixed with certainty ; but since the 
best English Tobacco, cured with all possible care, is 
of very inferior quality to any Virginian, we can 
arrive at a tolerable estimate. Foreign Tobacco of 
decidedly bad quality is not worth importing, in 
consequence of our enormous duty; what comes 
into the market ranges betwen 3d. and 6d. a lb. 
If we take the best English as being equal to the 
worst foreign, which it certainly is not, and diminish 
the value ofthe samples in the same proportion as 
Van Aelbroeck reduces those of Flanders, the ac- 
count will stand thus :— 
2300 tbs. of leaves (best) at 3d. 
750 E (seconds) at a) £35 10 0 
250 p refuse) at 4d. 
Deduct cost of manure .. `.. 29 00 
£6 10 0 
Thus it appears that after deducting the cost of 
the manure alone, 67. 10s. an acre remain, out of 
which to pay rent, taxes, tithes, labour, cost of dry- 
ing houses, fire, which in this country would be in- 
dispensable to complete the process, and the enor- 
mous risk attendant upon this kind of crop. We 
leave it to those who are skilled in such computa- 
tions to determine how much profit would remain 
for the grower in a climate much worse suited for 
Tobacco cultivation than Flanders itself. 
But it may be said, there is the duty of 35. 3d. a 
pound, which is forgotten in this calculation. We, 
owever, do not think it necessary to include the 
duty, for we cannot suppose that any Government 
would be found so unwise as to give a bonus for the 
application of land to the very worst description of 
garden farming. If the growth of Tobacco is to be 
Beyer the excise on the article must be taken 
o 
Tobacco is not, in reality, a possible northern crop, 
except where labour is almost valueless. The intelli- 
gent Flemish writer, from whom we have borrowed 
the foregoing details, states that there is no making 
out what the expense for labour really is, because the 
work is done by women and children, and the crop is 
confined to little farmers who employ their numerous 
families in such work for want of anything better. 
Rozrer tells us that even in France it could in his 
time be made to answer only by the Government 
fixing the price at twice the real value of the article. 
If, notwithstanding these remarks, the prohibition 
of Tobaeco cultivation should continue to be re- 
garded as a peculiar burthen upon land, we will 
earnestly beg its advocates to consider what is said 
of it by those who are witnesses to its results. 
*Itisacrop that speedily exhausts all but the 
very best land"— "its culture is productive of infinite 
retched ; those employed in it are in a state 
of continued exertion, beyond the powers of Nature 
to support, and little food of any kind is raised by 
them ; so that the men and animals on these farms 
are badly fed, and the earth is rapidly impover- 
ished "—( Jeffersons Notes on Virginia. ) 
We understand that Messrs. Harriry and Co., 
the eminent glass makers, of Sunderland, have un- 
dertaken to erect immediately, in the Ganpzw of 
the HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, a CONSERVATORY, 
which shall serve as a model from which ali others 
ofthe same proportions may be constructed at the 
same relative price. It is intended that other Con- 
servatories, upon the same plan, shall be ppt up 
in any part of the United Kingdom, at the same rate 
in proportion to the area that is covered, so that 
everyone may calculate beforehand exactly what 
his greenhouse will cost by measuring up the area 
of the floor. 
"This is a happy idea, and is sure to be popular. 
It is expected that the house will be ready before 
the meeting ofthe Society at the Garden in July. 
Tue Frencu IwsrrITUTE has just announced that 
the subject ofthe Great Prize IN PuysicaL SCIENCE 
for the ensuing year will be “ An examination of 
the reproductive bodies or spores of Zoosporous 
Algals, and of the bodies enclosed in the Antheridia 
of Cryptogamic plants, such as Charads, Mosses, 
Liverworts, and Seaweeds.” This isa most curious 
and interesting subject, and well worth the atten- 
tion of English botanists. A full account of the 
terms of the Prize will be found in the Comptes 
Rendus, and the. nature of the organs to be ex- 
amined is explained in the Vegetable Kingdom 
under the heads of Thallogens and Acrogens. 
VENTILATION, 
We are all so much interested upon this subject, as 
gardeners, that we gladly give the following extracts 
from evidence just taken before a Committee of the 
House of Lords, when Mr. GOLDSWORTHY GURNEY was 
called in, and examined:— 
If ventilation is attempted to be carried on with- 
out a quantity of force—a force sufficient to over- 
come the frietion of air passages, and also to over- 
come that arising from what is commonly called 
“throttling” or “ wire-drawing,"—the air will pass at 
random, partially through the most easy and direct 
courses, from its point of ingress to its egress, leavin 
some parts of the house unventilated, and producing 
excess and disagreeable currents in others. This want 
of power within also suffers ventilation to be influenced 
by slight disturbing forces without —external interfer- 
ences; such, for instance, as change of wind or change 
of pressure of the pl If the } rises or 
falls a few degrees there is a change in the weight of the 
atmosphere without, which will break the balance and in- 
terfere with the ventilating process going on within. 
Ventilation cannot be uniform unless there is a suffi- 
cient power to overbalance these forces, to command 
and. make it independent, practically, by strangulation 
or “ wire-drawing," as it is t ically called ; therefore, 
a certain amount of power is required, a power greater 
than can possibly be produced by the upeast shaft system 
of ventilation. The power which ean be produced by 
the upeast shaft system can never be greater than that 
produced by the difference in weight between the 
column of heated air in the chimney and an equal 
height of column without, which it will be found amounts 
to very little. If the shaft be 100 feet high, and the 
whole column of air in it at 60° shall be heated to 500° 
Fahrenheit, the difference in pressure will be only 6 Ibs, 
per foot ; this pressure will not be sufficient to over- 
come the ordinary friction of air moving through ad- 
missible ventilating passages, to say nothing of that 
inseparable from the condition which is absolutely 
essential to good il —the wi awing. 
5. You consider wire-drawing an important element in 
good ventilation ?—I think it is impossible to carry it 
out without. I do not see how it is possible that a 
general or equal diffusion of air ean be commanded 
without there is some minus or plus pressure operating 
on every opening in every part, and to precisely the 
same amount. If there is not wire-drawing, there is so 
free a passage for air through any course it chooses to 
take, that instead of your commanding it (if I may 
so speak) it commands itself, and all control, of its 
movement is destroyed. 
7. Will you explain to the Committee more in. detail 
what you mean. by wire-drawing 1— Wire-drawing is 
the obstruction produced by the reduction of the area 
of openings, so that air, water, or other liquids shall 
pass with a given amount of difficulty ; passing or meet- 
ing with difficulty through one opening it will naturally 
run through another, if there happens to be another 
within its range; but if without wire-drawing it ean 
pass very freely through the first opening it meets with, 
it will not pass through a second, Suppose a pond is 
fed by a stream of water diverging through two chan- 
nels ; let each channel be enlarged so that all the water 
