24—1846:] 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONI 
CLE. 391 3 
rating upon thei speedily spoiled their symmetry. The 
following prizes were awarded :—Tuirs: Feathered 
Bizarres: Ist, Magnum Bonum, Mr. Morris ; 2d, Fire- 
rand, Mr. Wilkinson; 3d, Trafalgar, Mr. Openshaw ; 
4th, Surpasse Catafalque, Mr. Rawsthorn; 5th, 
Goud Beurs, Mr. Morris. Flamed Bigarres: lst, In- 
Comparable Bizarre, Mr. Hardman ; 2d, Albion, Mr. 
Walsh ; 3d, Lustre de Beauty, Mr. Hardman; 4th, 
Black Prince, Mr. Turner; 5th, George IV., M 
alsh ; 3d, tricolor, 
r. D. Rawsthorn ; 4th, westphalingia, Mr. Openshaw; 
5th, Linnzooides superba, Mr. Rawsthorn ; 6th, suaveo- 
Pelargoniums : 1st, Thurtell’s Pluto, 
Mr, Walsh; 2d, Duke of Cornwall, Mr. Openshaw ; 3d, 
Mr. J. Walsh ; 2d, Lilium eximium, Mr. R. Mosley ; 
3d, Caleeolaria Lady Constable, Mr. J. Openshaw; 
4th, do. Standishii, Mr. T. Lever.— Hardy. Shrubs : 
Do Clematis azurea grandiflora, Mr. Lever; 2d, Rosa 
evoniensis, Mr. Walsh.—Honorary Prize: Cactus 
Jenkinsoni, B. Dobson, Esq. 
Leeds Open Tulip Show.—This long looked-for event 
took place on Whitsun-Monday, at the Bazaar. here 
Were a large quantity of flowers, and, considering the 
unpropitious season, they were of much finer quality 
than any that had previously been exhibited. The Ist 
prize was gained by Mr. W. Hepton, Brighouse, with a 
Pan containing the following seven flowers : Charles X., 
Polyphemus, Incomparable, Roi de Siam, Duchess of 
eweastle, Unique, and a Seedling breeder ; 2d, to Mr. J. 
Bramma, for Emperor Charles, Polyphemus, Bienfait, 
Beurene, Agalia (feathered), Agalia (flamed), and 
Mine d'Or (Self). The best flower of any class was 
Shown by Mv, Jolin Gibbens, of Derby—a most perfectly 
feathered Triomphe Royale. i 
New Garden Pl 
82, MuragpiUM MACRORHIZON, Large-rooted Mulgede. 
T Hardy Perennial. (Composites.*) Nepal. 
his, although its flowers are but those of Succory, is 
r in the open 
fleshy roots render it impatient of 
is frequently destroyed in winter by 
y dry 
enough to stand the wint 
"der; but its large 
Moisture, and it 
damp, 
sii 
le 
af 
b lí should not only be planted in a j 
Nation, bu eted either by a hand-glass or dry 
Aves, I 1 n 
1. t y seeds sown in pots and 
pee aa Li me. It flowers in September and 
Clober, and remains for a long while in perfection, 
trailin 
ones or rocks, and cover) 
carpet of lively blue. — Bolan ; 
33. Lank tA PARVIFLORA, Small-flowered Lan- 
"This e . shrub. (Acanthad:.*) Sierra Leone. 
Ros ne was named after Dr. Edwin Lankester, F RS, 
EN eman whose knowledge of botanical science re- 
Ma o eulogy ; it is sufficient to state that he is the 
hisa: rof the botanical articles in the latter volumes of 
EISE enny Cyclopeedia,” of various botanical eontribu- 
Naa ip sh is now engaged in 
duction rg tinto ong: m Rie dd nien A donem 
Sent, a netiy ME De S Tus non : the pre- 
Boon : nativ e of the west coast of Africa, whence it was 
Sager, ino, Mr. Whitfield ; and another, with more 
ne ranches, sharper pointed leaves, and larger 
ea whose tube is three times as long as the calyx. 
= drawing w nurs F Glendin- 
g them with a 
Botanical Regis 
E $ 
See Li ^ 
these uen P n explanation of 
ning, of Turnham-green, from whom we- have received 
the following memorandum concerning the habits of the 
plant :—“ The present subject does not, perhaps, equal 
in beauty some of the plants from Western Afriea, 
already published ; but, nevertheless, it is a pretty and 
useful winter-flowering species, with bright yellow 
flowers, contrasting well with that valuable old plant 
Eran hemum pulchellum, with blue flowers. On this 
account it is more especially desirable ; because in the 
beginning of winter, at which period it flowered in my 
stove, we have little really to adorn such places. lis 
cultivationis rather peculiar. I have found it succeed 
best when treated in the following manner: Shift it in 
March, but not into too large a pot, using sandy peat 
with a small portion of loam ; place it in a moist tem- 
perature in bottom-heat, so as it may grow away 
freely ; 75? will be sufficient for it. Towards summer 
it should be hardened by degrees to endure the tempe- 
rature of a greenhouse, and in autumn it should be 
placed ina rather cool stove, where it will continue 
flowering for some months. ‘I'he plant is, as yet, scarce 
in this country ; it is not, however, difficult to propa- 
gate, as it will strike readily by cuttings, in heat, under 
a hand-glass."— Botanical 
Garden Memoranda. 
Mr. Wood's Nursery, Norwood.—Those who-are 
lovers of hardy variegated plants would be gratified 
by paying a visit to this place ; for here there is a very 
interesting collection. Among others, we observed 
the common Laurel, having the foliage fringed with 
white; Lemon Thyme, with the leaves bound with 
narrow white edgings; the common English Elm 
(Ulmus pestris) finely iegated; the Cock’s-foot 
Grass (Dactylis glomerata) with the foliage striped 
with m'nute white streaks; Acorus gramineus; two 
species of variegated Irises ; a Honeysuckle, not very 
ru 
ked with white ; the 
saxatilis); Arabis variegata, 
fringed with yellow ; Ligustrum vulgare, having yellow 
and green leaves; Tussilago farfara, edged with yellow; 
CEuothera Fraseri ; the common Wormwood (Artemisia 
Absinthium) ; a variety of Rhododendron ponticum, 
with leaves broadly gined with bright yellow; 
Juniperus Sabini ; Symphoria glo: a; the common 
Germander Speedwell, Veronica edged 
with white ; Rosa centifolia ; Phic s; having 
yellow edged les ; Melissa of ; Euphorbia 
pilosa, an interesting plant, finely ve iegated ; Vinea 
minor; and the common English Yew (Taxus bac- 
cata), having the tops of the young branches o 
a pale bright yellow, Associated with these were 
Hemerocallis lutea, together with a Mint (Mentha 
rotundifolia), a very interesting plant, appearing, when 
viewed at a distance, as if the leaves were half enveloped 
in wool. Fankia lanceolata, with its white edged leaves, 
is also worthy of notice; so is Nepeta Glechoma, or 
Ground Ivy. Along with these were two Jasmines, one 
s striped with yellow, the other with foliage 
id with silvery markings; a plant of the common 
Rue, a Solanum, Yucea filamentosa, the white Lily 
(Lilium candidum), and Althæa frutex ; Acer campestre 
was a striking objeet, so was Syringa vulgaris, with pale 
yellow-edged leaves, and the common Spiræa ulmaria, 
which so strongly nts our meadows, beautifully 
In the same bed were Cra- 
slightly variegated 
Crown Imperial 
with its leave 
restinus ; and finally, a very finely variegated Battersea 
Cabbage. Most of the plants enumerated above are 
planted out ; but Mr. Wood has a number of the same 
kinds in pots, and these form, altogether, a tolerably 
arge aud interesting group, to which additions are still 
being made. Many of these variegated plants would 
answer well for, and would produce a pleasing effect 
judiciously arvanged on rockwork, more especially the 
above named Rubus xatilis, whose long trailing 
branches would be quite at home scrambling among 
stones. It is wortby of remark, that most of the 
plants preserve their variegated character well, 
even although growing luxuriantly, which is the more 
remarkable when we consider that variegation is gene- 
rally supposed to be caused by derangement of some 
of the organs essential to healihy function. Before 
closing these remarks, we wouid allude to the select 
collection of native Alpines which is here gathered 
together, for although these children of the hill-side 
are not generally showy plants, yet on close inspection 
many of them are found to be very beautiful, and we 
should like to see more general aitention paid to their 
cultivation. Among those in bloom we remarked Epi- 
lobium alpinum, Geranium Richardi, Campanula pulla, 
with little drooping violet bells, Silene alpestri and 
various others. The best of them were, however, out 
of bloom. 
Miscellaneous, 
Food of Plants.—That the inorganic substances con- 
tained in vegetables evidently come from the soil, was 
proved by Lassaigne. He grew seeds in flowers of| 
sulphur moistened with distilled water; the plant pro- 
duced contained neither more nor Jess saline and earthy 
matter than was originally present in the seed. The 
water absorbed by the roots becomes charged during 
its stay in the ground with the various soluble sub. 
stances they meet with there, and which generally con- 
tribute to its fertility. According to Boussingault, 
water charged with small quantities of the soluble sub- 
stances diffused through the soil, constitutes the ascend- 
ing sap. Perhaps, he continues, the organic matters 
dissolved in the fluid, undergoes important changes 
whilst traversing the spongioles of the roots, or else 
immediately after it has entered the plants. It in- 
creases in density during its ascent, and after being 
worked out in the green parts of the tree, takes a route 
the reverse of that which it followed at first, and 
the modified sap is then termed the descending sap. 
After the fruit of trees has ripened, a new process of 
vegetation commences. Their leaves remain in activity 
until the commencement of winter. All the carbonie 
acid which the plants now absorb is employed in the 
production of nutritive matter for the following year ; 
the wood does not ripen and its grewth is therefore 
very limited in the next year. From the accumulated 
starch, sugar and gum are produced in the succeeding 
spring, while from these the unnitrogenised consti- 
tuents of the leaves and young sprouts are in their turn 
formed. Annuals form and collect their future nourish- 
ment in their seeds as albumen, starch, and gum, which 
are used by the germs in the formation of their leaves 
and first radiele fibres.  (Liebiz.)—4. J. Bernays on 
the Application of Chemistry. 
Burnettized Linen.—Some coarse canvas which had 
been Burnettized, so as to be guarded from injury by 
damp, had been prepared as a shading of a hot-house; 
but in consequence of the heating apparatus in the 
house being insufficient, the shading was used as a cover- 
ing in winter as well as a shading in summer. Other 
shadings, which had not been Burnettized, were used at 
the same time for the same purpose. In 12 months the 
Burnettized canvas became so rotten as scarcely to 
bear its own weight when drawn up. As to durability 
no difference in this ease could be perceived between 
canvas which had been Burnettized and that which had 
not.—Journal of the Horticultural Society. 
Edible Bird-nests of China.—Of the great mass of 
edible bird-nests which are consumed in China, and now 
also in Europe, tbe Philippine Isles furnish a consider- 
able portion. Our attention, however, may be more 
partieularly directed to the eatable sea-weeds which are 
found on the coasts of the Philippines, of the Bashus, 
of the Japan islands, of the Malaceas, &e., and which 
serve for food to the inhabitants as well as for exporta- 
tion. In the markets of Maeao and Canton we have 
seen large boxes of such dried Tan which had been 
imported from Japan. The speci which con- 
stitutes this branch of commer the Spl 
cartilagineus, var. setaceus (Agardh), which, abound- 
ing as it does in the Indian Ocean, is the common food 
of the Salangane (Hirundo esculenta L.) and serves 
for the construction of its valuable nest. The Swallow 
devours the fresh Tangle, and after allowing it to mace- 
rate for some time in its stomach, ejects the mass con- 
verted to a pulp or jelly, with whieh it moulds its nest. 
The nests, which in the course of time become soiled 
with dirt and feathers, are brought in their rough state 
to China, when they are cleaned with particular instru. 
ments in large warehouses appropriated to the purpose, 
and then sold. These amed Indian bird-nests are 
therefore to be considered as little eise 
substance of the Spheerococeus ca 
dietetic qualities only thos j 
cooking them they are seasoned with a variety of fine 
spices, and deservedly hold the first rank among the 
delicacies of a Chinese table. ne Japanese had the 
sagacity to perceive t 
only composed of sea-weeds, 
substructure of them by artific 
which are found in great quantiti i 
gathered, and, after being dried and pounded, are boiled 
down to a thick jelly, which is drawn or poured out into 
long threads like Maccaroni, and then sent into com- 
f Gin-shan. The Dutch call 
me largely of it. 
natural and imita- 
tive, in the form of sances meats; but the 
Europeans resident in China prefer them in the shape 
of jelly, for which the Gin-shan is admirably adapted. 
A single boiling is sufficient to reduce it to a uniform 
gelatinous mass, to which wine or the juice of any fruit 
may be added, to give it an agre favour; or the 
dry Gin-shan may be broken into small pieces and 
thrown into broth as it is brought warm to the table. 
Ina minute's time it swe and appears like trans- 
parent vermicelli, In this state it forms a not un- 
pleasant sort of food, which, though highly nutritive, is 
easily digested. How great and general the consump- 
tion of these edible Tangles must be in Japan appears 
from the circumstance that in all the geographical or 
statistical works relating to that empire, wherever they 
are found, they are meu tioned as one of the remarkable 
produets of the country. We have been induced to 
enlarge on this matter the more particularly as much 
notiee has latterly been excited by the Carrageen 
Moss, which is notbing but the dried Sphzeroeoceus 
erispus, found in vast abundance on the western amc 
northern coasts of the British Isles. In its qualities it 
would seem to be perfectly analogous to the Spheero- 
coccus cartilagineus setaceus, yielding like it a rich and 
nutritive jelly.—Meyen, Heise um die Erde, p. 276—8. 
