412 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE. 
seeing that the whole ding region is geologi 
p with Kerguelen's Land itself. The 
only plausible theory is that of a new creation or de- 
velopment—a gradation it may be of some humbler and 
marine form into that of the terrestrial Pringlea. A 
development of higher forms from marine vegetation 
has been hinted by several botanists ; and considering 
the adaptability of vegetable life, there is nothing to 
forbid the hypothesis that the Kerguelen Cabbage may 
have sprung from such a source. Be this as it may, 
the existence of tie plant is a curiosity in the history of 
vegetation, and all the more striking that its properties 
aresoeminently useful.— Chambers" Edinburgh Journal. 
Calendar of Operations. 
(For the ensuing Week.) 
Ripening the Wood. — Those who understand 
fully the immense importance of a thorough 
ripening of the wood in all wall-trees, or tender espa- 
liers, will of course pay some attention in the early 
summer to thorough thinning and early training. Who 
can expect Peaches to perfect this process when the 
young wood is dangling from the wall until August ? 
Pears at this period should have as much attention as 
Peaches ; my practice is to cut out a few of the watery 
and luxuriant shoots, in the way of a slight thinning, in 
order to equalise the light ; then to tie down on the old 
Stems, or to nail down, a regular sprinkling of the 
brownest, shortest-jointed, an liest wood ; 
and finally to stop the points of all the remainder left in 
the character of breast-wood. The latter, if totally 
disbudded now, would cause the embryo fruit-buds for 
the next year to burst ; whereas, if stopped, they will 
cease to obstruet the light in an unnecessary degree, and 
will operate as safety-valves for a period. In the early 
part of August these foreright shoots should all be cut 
back with the shears or knife, to about six inches or 
less in length. From that period all the sunlight pos- 
sible will be wanted to perfect both fruit and blossom- 
buds for the ensuing year. 
CONSERVATORIES, STOVE, &c. 
The rvatory being th ghly relieved of all 
superfluous stock, nothing remains but to carry out a 
cleanly system of cultivation, and to introduce fine 
specimens from other houses or pits. All available 
surfaces should be moistened with water morning and 
evening, thorough ventilation obtained, and a thin 
canvas screen kept on during bright sunshine. Stove. 
—A very free use of the syringe, with abundance of 
air night and day, should be persisted in, the main busi- 
ness being to produce sturdy plants with short-jointed 
wood. Liquid manure, composed of cowhouse drain- 
age, guano, and soot-water, should be constantly 
in use, taking eare to use it in no other way than clear 
and weak. Orchids, Give air most liberally, syringing 
them freely early in the morning, and shutting up much 
solar heat, together with wet floors, walls, &c. &e. 
Mixed Greenhouse.—Pursue the directions given for 
the conservatory. Use abundance of water morning 
and evening, with a particularly free circulation of air. 
Continue to make cuttings of gay things for a late 
autumn display. Camellia stocks may now be grafted, 
choosing the young wood which has the leaves perfectly 
developed, and which is of a ripening brown colour at 
the base. I use the bottle plan, and find it to answer well, 
if the plants receive close or cutting treatment for a 
month afterwards, A slight hotbed, with a bottom- 
heat from fresh fermenting matter (to yield much 
steam), of 80°, will do well, placing a foot deep of cinder 
ashes over it, to keep down the worms. 
KITCHEN GARDEN FORCING. 
Pines.—Use the syringe in earnest to all the stock, 
shutting up much solar heat, and giving abundance of 
air to the young and growing stock. Be sure to shade 
slightly the fruiters, in order to ensure a greater amount 
of atmospheric moisture, which of course is dissipated 
by much ventilation... Vineries.—The early houses will 
now be cut, or in eutting, in many places. Do not 
hurry the plants into a resting state; nothing will be 
gained in point of earliness next year by such a course ; 
rather endeavour to keep the leaf well fed, as long as 
the vital forces.are at work, and to this end allow 
laterals to ramble awhile, if so inclined. Late Vineries, 
—Ventilate freely by six or seven o'elock in the morn- 
ing, and a little all night, if the thermometer can be 
maintained at 65° without the aid of fire heat. Keep 
floors and all surfaces wet, in preference to much 
syringing, if a fine bloom is desired. Peach-house.— 
Give plenty of air day and night, and syringe heavily 
morning and evening, except those ripening. Per- 
sist in stopping robbers. Frames, Pits, &c.—1f your 
early Cucumbers are exhausted with much bearing, and 
infested with thrips or spider, prune them freely, and 
shut up and shade every morning by 10 o'clock, after a 
free circulation of air. Let them be syringed before 
shutting up. The thermometer, with careful shading, 
may be allowed to rise to 95° ; this course persisted in 
for a little while will kill or drive away the enemy, and 
throw the plants into a new growth. 
FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 
All newly bedded out things will, during this hot 
weather, require daily waterings. The benefits of little 
basins round each:plant will now be readily seen. Let 
the young shoots on all old Fuchsia stools be thinned 
out to five or six. Attend diligently to Standard Roses; 
constant disbudding is necessary at this period ; also 
keeping down suckers. Let every attention be paid to 
propagating a reserve stock to fill gaps, and let those 
already rooted, or the remains of store pots, have kind]: 
themselves, and should receive free waterings 
FLORISTS’ FLOWERS. 
The intensely hot weather has had the effect of short- 
ening the duration of both Pink and Ranunculus blooms, 
and the season of each is rapidly coming to a close. 
Great attention must be paid to Ranunculuses, for should 
they remain in the ground too long, they would imme- 
diately make fresh roots, therefore they must be taken 
up as they arrive at maturity, which is evidenced b 
the Grass or foliage becoming yellow. Semi-double 
seedlings of good properties as to form and smoothness 
of petal should be carefully preserved for the purpose 
of fertilization. It will be a good time now to ferti- 
lize Pinks, selecting those on both sides which have 
smooth, rose-leaved petals; by attending more minutely 
to this, I hope to see the serrated leaved and confused 
flowers done away with in a few years. Pipings may 
also be taken, cutting through the shoot immediately 
below a joint ; these, inserted in light sandy soil, under 
a handglass,will with common attention take root freely, 
Pansies require regularly watering and shading, or 
they are liable to be attacked with pus and the 
They should be kept in a shady border entirely by 
season is far from being prop j 
which are suffering by the continued drought. Carna- 
tions and Picotees, —The buds may be reduced now, 
according to the strength of the plants, but to ensure 
large flowers not more than three ought to be retained 
on eaeh ; remove all laterals as they appear, and attend 
to the destruction of green fly, which is more than 
usually troublesome, 
IARD. 
and eonstant supply of 
k é 
S, 
COTTAGERS' GARDENS. 
As the Early Potatoes are used, the ground should 
be instantly cropped with useful Winter Greens, &c. 
If, however, the weather continue sunny, it will be 
prudent to wait for rain, although it be a week or 
two. The Savoy,the Brussels Sprout, and, above all, 
the Green Kale, are amongst the foremost to claim the 
cottager’s attention. If he keep a cow, I would ear- 
nestly recommend the Thousand-headed Cabbage; a 
little of the Early Potato ground should be sown down 
with Turnips forthwith. Celery and Leek ground should 
be got ready to wait rain. The Leek isa most useful thing 
in the cottager’s family, more especially if grown large 
and earthed up. If his Onions are “ grubbed,” it will 
supply their place tolerably well, and is moreover a de- 
lightful dish to unpampered palates when well stewed 
and eaten like Seakale. Where the Late Potatoes have 
failed, their places should be filled, when rain comes, by 
transplanted Swedes. ‘These, too, are delightful food 
when well boiled, and if the Potato disease should revisit 
us, these matters attended to in due time will soften its 
rigour in regard to the cottager. 
FORESTING; 
If a leisure time, take extra pains with young hedges, 
and try the preventive system of pruning, by finger 
and thumb, on the young forest trees of two or three 
years' planting. 
m 
State of the Weather near London, for the week ending June 18, 1846, as 
obser vedat the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick. 
BAROMETER. | "Pu 
June Bri d i 3 
: Mean. 
Frid, ig 67.5 
Sat. 69.0 
Sun. 14 68.0 
on. 15 71.5 
Tues. 16 68.5 
Wed, 17 70. 
Thurs. 18. 71.0 
A verag 69.1 -00 
June 12- Very fine; dry air; 
E clear 
13—Exceedingly fine; hot and dry, with gentle breeze; clear at night 
14—Hot and dry throughout 
15—Hot and dry air; cloudless; clear at night 
os, with slight dry air 
17—Continued heat and drought 
18—Hot and dry throughout. 
an temperature of the week 7 deg. above the average. 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 20 years, for the 
ensutng Week ending June 97, 1846. 
5 rex] No, of | q, (TE ALLL 
June |Higheet Lowest Mean Youre in| quantity cal] ili Lal | 
Te Temp.| | Rained, | Of Rain. iz Pg p 
Sun. 21| 740 | 524 | 632 9 0.68 1n. | 1| 2| 2, 1| 1| 9| 4|— 
Mon. 22| 720 8.9 | 60.4 10 0.54 12 1—|2/8/5| 1 
Tues. 23| 70.5 46.2 | 58. ? 0.40 1| 1| 2| 1) 8| 7| 4| 1 
e 73.0 49.7 | 61.4 0.49 — 2| 8| 1| 2| 6| 5| 1 
Thur.25| 71.2 | 500 | 60.6) 1 9.72 al 1j 5j 1| 2f 5| 3| 2 
Fri, 96| 71.9 49.9 | 60.9 8 1.00 1| 2| 4.—| 1| 6] 6) 1 
Sat. 27| 69.0 | 48.4 | 58.7 10 0.30 3) 3| 1| 2| 8| 4| 6/— 
1834, and 33d, 1844—therm. 912 : 
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cultivation forthwith, in order to be ready to fill blanks, 
"The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 21st, 
and the lowest on the 22d, 1830—therm. 39°, 
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bees’ nest in the Ivy and old masonry. R. 
Lawns—A Silbscriber—Had you employed soot by itself, your 
i i enuty, and most 
could have sustained no injury. Any gardener who. 
understands his business knows that pure soot is one of the 
best of all winter top dressings for lawns ; but you have used. 
fresh wood ashes, the caustic quality of which has killed the 
Grass, and what is more, has ruined the soot by driving off 
all its carbonate of ammonia, We scarcely know how to ad- 
vise you now, but perhaps your best course would be to water 
the lawn when rain begins to fall with sulphate of ammonia, 
largely diluted with water, and applied at the rate of two or 
three cwt. an acre. f you ean induce the fine Grasses to 
row again, the coarse intruders may possibly be smothered 
if kept under by the scythe. It is, however, very difficult to 
ive you the best advice without seeing the land, which is 
P H—Guano in fermented cow’s urine and water 
is a good artificial manure for Cucumbers ; but in applyiu 
it care must be taken not to let it touch the leaves or it will 
burn them.}—H B—Your mixture is gypsum. If there is 
any free sulphuric acid in it, add gas-water until it ceases to 
effervesce, then mix it with three times the quantity of soil, 
and you will have a good compost.———£ .Price—We cannot 
undertake to analyse guano; but yours appears good, and 
certainly contains noloam. Mix it with water, in the pro- 
portion of a handful to two gallons. When the water is 
clear, pour it off and use it as liquid manure, The residue 
may be added ad toa t-I ; the person 
who condemned it could know nothing about guano. 
Names or PnANTS—/ H—Ornus europma—the flowering Ash. 
—1 and 6, Poa pratensis; 2, P. trivialis ; 3, Holeus 
—T G. 
lanatus; 4, Avena flavescens ; 5, Aira exspitosa; 7, 8, and 
9, Festuca rubra; 10, Anthoxanthum odoratum; 11, 
herum avenaceum ; 12, Bromus asper.j——JM/c— 
Claytonia alsinoides, an outcast from gardens. The Balsam 
eis Momordica balsamina; it should be grown like a 
Cucumber,— A Subscriber—It is impossible to determine the 
names of plants when they are shrivelled up eat. —— 
Enquirer—1 is Holcus lanatus ; 2, apparently Poa pratensis ; 
3, Lotus corniculatus, lis a worthless Grass; 2 and 3 are 
useful pasture plants, but convey no particular indications. 
Rosrs—Lord A—Your Roses belong to the fine old double 
yellow sórt, but they are in a very deformed condition, Itis 
not known how to make this Rose flower with certainty. 
Dry, gravelly, windy situations, not exposed to the fierce sun, 
appear to suit it best; and it has been found to thrive when 
watered with dirty soap-suds. A good deal of information 
about it was collected and published in our vol. for 1841, 
pages 811 and 813. 
WATERING—F H M—If you can loosen the surface of the ground 
much benefited, but a slight sprinkling is of little service ; 
Misc—F M € R— 
with your Pony ; perhaps the situation is too cold, perhaps 
it grows in shade.—George—Teal, gulls, s 
summer ducks. — Cefn Ila Uske—Much obliged; the sub- 
ject of the nuthatch was explained by other correspondents, 
whose letters were in type before your communication was 
ived. —— H W—Two o our ants, namel, lea 
SEEDLING FLOWERS. 
ANTIRRHINUMS—Z Z Z—There appears to be no improvement 
upon the common garden varieties among your seedlings ; 
they are not equal to many of the finer sorts now cultivated, 
either in size or colour.*. 
increases their beauty and brilliancy. 
ÜALCEOLARIAS—G R— 
the spotting curious and distinct."—— W H—Your s 
ndsome, particularly those having white 
or delicate buff grounds spotted with maroon. 5, 11, 12, a 
4, are fine examples; 6 and 8 are also very fine. They are 
the largest in this way we have seen.* ; 
PELARGONIUMS—A Subscriber—Y our variety is of no use; itis 
deficient in substance, and inferior to the present race of 
flowers,"—G R—No. 1 i 
J'—The seedlings you have sent are ex- 
tremely pretty and fine in form. The light-edged varieties 
e consider the best, for instance, Zebina, Brunette, Moun- 
tain Sylph, John Waterston, Elizabeth Lyon, Wm. Teahar, 
and Richard Dixon, These are clean grounds and beauti- 
fully edged. Fair Acadian, Lochinvar, and in one or two 
others, the ground appears stained by the colour running 
too far down the petals : they are fine varieties. 
RosEs—H S—Your Rose, though a good one, is not a first-rate 
flower ; itis very double, but the edges of the petals are not 
even, and have the appearanoe of being crumpled or scorched. 
Tt is delicate in colour, very sweet-scented, and will make an. 
agreeable border variety.* 
VERBENA—W M—Your seedling, a bright blue purple, is the 
best of its colour out, and will make a desirable addition to 
this family.* 
Notices to Corresponden: 
its. 
The Fourth Reprint of Mr. PAXTON’S COTTAGERS' CALEN- 
DAR is now ready, price 3d. each copy. An index has been 
: 4 1 
*,* As usual, many communications have been received too late, 
PE t ilr 
yen 
can be made. We must also beg for the indulgence of those 
numerous correspondents, the insertion of whose interesting 
contributions is still delayed, 
| 
——————— 
