418 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
LJUNE 20, 
in it. Other evils may breed out of it; and, yet to 
allow it to be eaten off the ground is a very serious 
thing. An intelligent old farmer, who pointed it out 
to me this morning, declared it would,be much worse 
than the Potato disease. I shall endeavour to enclose 
you a specimen, and shall be glad to give any informa- 
tion that I can collect. We have seen no notice of it 
in the papers. If it be only partial at present, at some 
future time, even in the present year, and at least in 
subsequent years, it may again shew itself. I must con- 
fess I feel considerable alarm at present ; I hope time 
wil! bring rain, and a change for the better.— William 
Simpson, Doleross Parsonage, near Manchester. [The 
specimen sent is covered with the aphis]. 
————S—S 
Socteties. 
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY or ENGLAND. 
A Waexty Councit was held at the Society’s House, 
in Hanover-square, on Wednesday last, the 17th of 
June ; present, the Right Hon, Lord Portman, president, 
im the chair; Earl Spencer; Earl of Lovelace; Sir 
Francis Lawley, Bart.; Sir Matthew White Ridley, 
Bart. ; Sir John V. B. Johnstone, Bart., M.P.; Colonel 
Austen, M.P.; T. Raymond Barker; Rev. T. Cator ; 
Colonel Challoner ; F. C. Cherry, Esq. ; E. D. Daven- 
port, Esq.; W. Fisher Hobbs, Esq.; W. H. Hyett, 
.; J. Kinder, Esq.; Colonel Ms Douall; E. S. 
ym, Esq.; E. A. Sanford, 
Esq. ; Prof. Sewell, W. R. C. Stansfield, Esq., M.P. ; 
«5 W, Cuthbertson, Esq.; T. Dunne, jun., Esq. ; 
C. Eyre, Esq.; A. Glendinning, Esq.; H, Lewis, Esq. ; 
A. Majendie, Esq. ; S. Solly, Esq. ; T. Turner, Esq. ; 
and T. R. Tweed, 
Kendal, Westmoreland. 
Potter, Addison, jun., Heaton Hall, Newcastle-upon-T yne. 
Lowes, John, Allen's-Green, 
President stated, his willingness to try a portion of the 
seed at the present time, and also, as the season was 
now late for the purpose, to reserve a portion of it for 
trial next year at the proper time, on some of his chalk 
lands in Dorsetshire, which he had found remarkably 
good for Sainfoin. He thought it very desirable not to 
let sheep go into it too soon. He recommended the 
members who tried this seed to report to the Council 
their results. Mr. Raymond Baker stated that he had 
mowed Sainfoin twice in the same season on his farm 
in Buekinghamshire. Mr. Beale Browne had also land 
of an oolitie character, on which he would try the seed 
in question. On the motion of Mr. Raymond Barker, 
seconded by Mr, Pym, the best thanks of the Couneil 
were given to Mr. Majendie for the favour of this 
present. 
5. Mr. Futter, M P., communicated the progress of his 
trial of a portion of the Wheat and Barley sent to the 
Society from Australia, on the stiff soils of. Sussex, for 
which the Couneil expressed their thanks. The Pre- 
sident at the same time remarked, that however inte- 
resting it might be to learn at different dates the pro- 
gress of any trial of cultivation, the object of the 
Council was to gain a sound practical result in every 
possible case, on which they might carefully and securely 
proceed in their further enquiries : that it was to the 
result at harvest time, and at the threshing and selling 
of the produce, that practical men looked for satisfac- 
tory conclusions. 
6. From Mr. Henry Drummonp, of Albury Park, 
Surrey, a copy of the Lecture. delivered by him as Pre- 
sident of the Guildford Institute, on Chemistry applied 
to the Arts: intended to show in ordinary language, 
andiwith as few scientific terms as possible, the appli- 
cation of Chemistry to Agriculture ; to give the mean- 
ing of the terms employed as they occur ; to illustrate 
its principles by experiments in the. power of every one 
to repeat with great ease ; and, in conclusion, to explain 
the reasons, according to such principles, why some 
practices in the farming of that part of Surrey were 
bad while others on the contrary were ood. Mr. 
Drummond also called the. attention of the Couneil to 
Thos. Atkinson, Police-station, Manors, New- 
Wheldon, Stephen, Pelton, Chester-le-Street, Durham. 
mb, Joseph, Axwell-Park, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
Lowman, Robert, 
Geldard, John, South Benwell House, N. tl Tyne. 
the ges which would. result from an examina- 
tion of some of the richest pastures in England, such, 
for example, as those on the borders of Northampton- 
shire and Leicestershire, with a view to ascertain ex- 
actly what Grasses are found on a given space, and in 
what relative proportion to each other ; whether the 
hay from meadows in which the Grass is most nutritive 
when eaten green, is also the best; if not, what the 
Grasses are in those fields where the hay is best. Mr. 
Drummond doubted whether a considerable quantity of 
the hay made from natural meadows, so far as the Grass 
S 
William, Gateshead, 
irmston, John, € a 
mith, John, Lady-Kirk, Northumberland. 
ruce, Rev. Jonn Collingwood, Newoastle-upon-T yne. ' 
roves, Joseph, Radipole, Weymouth, Dorset. 
The names of 30 candidates for election at the next 
meeting were then read. 
The following communications were received : 
1. Letters from the S tàri the Ni 
Literary and Philosophical Society and the Neweastle 
Farmers’ Club, announcing resolutions of their re- 
spective committees that the rooms and library of the 
former establishment, and the elub-room of the latter 
association would be thrown open to the free access of 
members of the Royal Agricultural Society during their 
hing session in N tle ; for which favours, 
Tyne. 
tl 
on the motion of Colonel Challoner, seconded by Mr. |- 
Fisher Hobbs, the best thanks of the Council were 
voted. 
2. Communications from Sir Ropertcx MURCHISON, 
K.S.P., one of the honorary members of the 
Society, explaining the objeet of M. Gripenberg’s visit 
J, is worth making; any [goodness in such 
hay being, in his opinion, generated in the rick,—Mr. 
Pym thought that Sinclair, in his work on Grasses, had. 
instituted those enquiries to which the attention of the 
Council had been drawn by Mr. Drummond.—Colonel 
Challoner was well acquainted with Mr. Drummond, 
and having had an opportunity of learning his views on 
this subject, he explained them to the Council.—The 
President thought it a great point to ascertain the pre- 
cise time when the seed of each particular Grass was in 
the best state for being collected for future use.— Mr, 
Hobbs expressed his opinion of the advantages of inocu- 
lation in the improvement of pastures, and explained 
to the Council the mode in which the turf for that pur- 
pose is easily obtained by means of a ploughshare with 
a wing turned up.—The best thanks of the Council 
were then ordered to be transmitted to Mr. Drummond 
for the favour of his communication. 
7. From Mr. Tween, of Bowater Crescent, Woolwich, 
a statement of the results of his experiments on the 
rate at whiehjwater, enters and again, passes out of a 
cylindrie pipe draining tile. He stated that having as a 
practical man had the most decided doubts concerning 
the ia made by Mr. Parkes in reference to the 
to England, in bringing from his estate in Finland a 
sowing machine of practical excellence, which had been 
entered by Mr. Pusey, M.P., on the part of its inventor, 
for exhibition at the Newcastle meeting, and had already 
reached this country in charge of M. Gripenberg ; and 
from M. Torrig, the Swedish Consul, announcing that 
M. Nathhorst, the Seeretary of the Royal Agricultural 
Society of Sweden, was on the point of leaving Stock- 
holm, by direction of that body, for the purpose of being 
pe e the Neweastle meeting. The Council gave 
instructions respectin i i 
Veen patty g the due attention to be paid to 
3. Printed proof of the Prog for the N. l 
Meeting, having been read by the President, was 
amended and approved. j 
4. From Mr. Masennir, of Hedingham Castle, Essex, 
a supply of foreign Sainfoin seed for distribution : 
mode in which water finds its way into pipe-tiles, he 
determined to remove them by actual experiment; and 
having procured at a draining-tile manufactory a pipe 
4 feet long and 14 inch in diameter, open only at ohe 
end, he soon found by placing such tube in water with 
its closed end downwards, that the water per- 
meated through the substance of the pipe, and formed 
within it a column of water inereasing in height at the 
average rate of l3 inch per hour, which, on the re- 
moval of the pipe from the water, and. its vertieal sus- 
pension in the alr, again permeated back again through 
the pores of the tile, at the average rate of a 4 of an 
inch per hour. Mr. Tweed exhibited to the Council 
one of the pipes he had employed in these experiments, 
and, in conclusion, stated that however sceptical he had 
previously been on this subject, he was now perfectly 
the Members, for trial of its qualities jendie 
informed the Council that pe ena baean 
cultivated in the oolite district surrounding the city of 
Caen in Normandy, which is usually called the “plain 
of Caen:” one of these varieties being termed the grande 
graine, or graine à deux coupes Sainfoin, the fother the 
petite „graine Sainfoin. The former, or Large-seeded 
Sainfoin, is sown on land of superior quality, and gives 
two crops of hay : the latter, or small-seeded variety, is 
sown on inferior land, and gives only one erop, whieh 
however, is by some persons considered to be of a more 
delicate. quality. The supply of seed presented by Mr. 
Majendie consisted of the larger variety, in the hope 
that it might have its merits tested on calcareous soils 
in this country. He had himself grown both varieties. 
and found a difference in the size of the leaf. The 
d, along with several eminent military en- 
gineers, who bad been equally sceptical with himself, that 
Mr. Parkes was perfectly correct in his statement that 
it was more easy to explain how the water got into the 
pipes, than to devise means how it was to be kept out.— 
A very interesting discussion then ensued, in the course 
of which Sir Francis Lawley stated his experience for 
two years in strong elay, and that of Mr. Harvey, of 
Epping, for 27 years, of the satisfactory result attend- 
ing the use of pipe-tiles.— Colonel Challoner ‘mentioned 
the success with which he had luted collars to the pipe- 
tiles with well-worked raw clay, in draining the running 
sands on his estate ; with reference to the diameter of 
the pipe-tile for draining generally, he understood 
that sewerage companies had already begun to reduce 
the size of their drains for the purpose of their being 
current which such contraction oceasioned.—Mr. 
Chandos Pole related cases in the early use of pipe-tiles 
without collars in sandy soil, in which artificial springs 
were occasioned in the field by the blowing up of the 
drains, arising from the displacement of the tiles.—Sir 
Matthew Ridley cited the experiments. of Dr. Buck- 
land, in Buekingbamshire.—M». Fisher Hobbs ex- 
pressed his doubts whether so ready a permeation of 
water through the pores of tiles would take place in the 
finer material of blue clay of which the white bricks 
and tiles were made. Mr. Sanford conceived that ab- 
sorption would prove to be the criterion of permeation, 
and that if a brick or tile acquired weight by immersion 
in water, such material would to a certain extent, and 
under favourable circumstances, allow water to pass 
through a pipe or tile composed of it. The President 
reminded the Council that it was always important 
to bear in mind the given cire d diti 
of an experiment, and to avoid being misled by an 
illogical or undue generalisation; that in the present 
case Mr. Tweed had made an experiment, and accord- 
ing to the care and exactness bestowed upon it, that 
experiment gave true results under the given circum- 
stances of its particular case, as affected by the material 
used, and the pressure of water employed ; that in 
the repetition of any experiment an exactly similar re- 
‘sult could only be expected under exactly similar cir- 
e exp nt proviug or showing just 
so much and no more.—Mr. Sanford took that oppor- 
tunity of giving to the Council an interesting account 
of draining running sands by means of poles or thin- 
nings of Larch, and stated the accidental circumstances 
which had led to his operati and the satisfactory re- 
sults with which they had been attended ; ground per- 
fectly drained, and on which sheep were now feeding, 
aving three years ago been a floating bog, on which a 
stone could not be placed without being buried. The 
President, Sir F. Lawley, Sir M. Ridley, Mr. Chandos 
Pole, and Mr, Fisher Hobbs, then detailed the advan- 
tages or disadvantages they had found to attend the use 
of particular kinds of wood, as that of Alder, Willow, 
Thorn, Seoteh Firs, &c.--The Council then gave their 
best thanks to Mr. Tweed for the favour of his com- 
munication. 
8. From Mr. Mronr, of Tiptree Hall, near Kelvedon, 
an invitation to the members to pay a visit to his farm in 
Essex, for the purpose of inspecting the comparative 
effects of thick and thin sowing, of dibbling by New- 
berry's machine, of dropping by Bentall’s dropper, of 
consolidation by Crosskill's roller, of the extensive use 
Garrett’s horse-hoe, and of deep and shallow draining 
generally, The best thanks of the Council were ordered 
to Mr. Mechi for the favour of this invitation. 
9. From Messrs. WALKER, of Gospel-Oak Works, Tip- 
ton, Staffordshire, a collection of various articles as 
specimens of the facility and extensive employment of 
iron coated galvanically with tin, for the purpose of 
protecting it for a long period from the corrosive action 
arising from exposure to the weather, and of obviating 
the necessity of repeated paintings being applied to sueh 
out-door work. These articles consisted of hurdles, pans, 
lattice, hooks, spouts, nails, screws, grates, chains, an 
hooped tubs ; all of which could be coated with tin by 
Messrs. Walker's process at an expence varying, ac- 
cording to the construction of the article, from 5s. to 15s. 
per ewt, The Council ordered their best thanks to be 
returned to Messrs. Walker for the favour of these 
presents, 
The Council then adjourned to their weekly meeting 
on Wednesday next, the 24th inst, 
We understand that His Royal Highness the Duke of 
CAMBRIDGE has accepted an invitation to Ravensworth 
Castle for the purpose of being present at the New- 
castle Meeting. 
p 
Farmers’ Clubs. 
Marnstonn.— The cultivation of Root Crops, May 1. 
—Mr. F. B. Envy : On dry soils, where only an average 
growth of Turnips is wanted, a previous crop of Rye 
It may be doubtful if 
this plan can be pursued where Swedes are wanted, 
plan succeeding ; for Mangold Wurzel, perhaps, it may 
not. Iam not, however, fond of that root, preferring 
the Swede Turnip, as more hardy and more nutritious. 
To carry on. this system, I admit not only must the 
land be kept clean, but highly manured. I do not feed 
off my Rye or Tares, but mow it for my cattle. To feed 
it off would give the land three coats of manure more 
than it ean require, without you mean to draw the 
Turnips. Let me state my own plan—men are ever 
fond of this, and generally think it the best ; by com- 
parison, however, the best is traced out, so good is de- 
rived out of vanity. Before Turnips, then, I E the 
land tolerabiy in the autumn, and sow Rye or 4 ares. 
As soon as either crop is off, I keep ploughing, harrow- 
ing, and rolling the land till it is fit to sow Turnips- 
As the land is not foul this is soon done, and ihen 
sow about 3 ewt. of guano, mixed with wood ashes. 
harrow itin well, and then sow the Turnips proad-cast, 
If the land wanted more cleansing, I should drill in the 
guano and ashes or bone-dust. Rape-dust has Tid 
found to answer well. Either of these manures will 9 
as a top-dressing. A top-dressing is wanted to gum" 
late the plant—the dung being well mixed in the lane, 
cleansed by the increased fulness and velocity of|and hardly acting quick enough. It is now generally 
