26—1846.] 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE. 
427 
IS GRACE the DUK 
~~ PRESIDENT of the HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, has 
Kindly directed the grounds of Chiswick-house to be opened for 
the reception of the visitors to the Society's garden at the next. 
exhibition on the 11th Jul i i 
of Fellows of the Society ONLY at this office, price 5s., or ai 
the garden in the afternoon of the 11th July, at 7s. 6d. each, 
but then also ONLY TO ORDERS SIGNED BY FELLOWS OF THE. 
Socrery.—N.B. No tickets will be issued in Regent-street on 
the day of exhibition, —21, Regent-street. 
Ee UM Ne S PRUNUS a SA N eee 
ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, REGENT’S-PARK. 
—Th 
e». L 
TLOWERS, and FRUIT 
In the course 
of the day the Three Military Bands will join and perform the 
i FRA DIAVOLO,” by ; “EG 
Subscribers to the Society are admitted free. 
Visitors are admitted by Tickets to be obtained at the 
‘Gardens only by orders from Subscribers 5 price, until the day; 
i 75. 6 
may enter conveniently at the: Gate facing the road from 
Chester-terrace, J. De C. SowERBY, Secretary. 
ECK'S SEEDLING PELARGONIUMS. — A 
descriptive Catalogue of these, with directions for their 
cultivation, blooming, &c., will be ready by July 11th, in 
ostage stamps. 
Worton Cottage, Isleworth, June 30. 
The Gavdences’ Chronicle, 
SATURDAY, JUNE 27, 1846. 
MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 
Wrownspay, July i—Royal Botanic Gardens .  . 9 Pa 
Tomway, ° — 7—Horticultural, . . 1 . gram 
Sarurpay, — 11—Horsicultural Gardens €. Tran 
COUNTRY SHOW. 
Waonespay, July 8- Craven Horticultural. 
Wuerner viewed as possibly. affecting the yet 
“Obscure question of the Poraro DiskAsz, or merely 
as the result of a physiological experiment, the 
knowledge of which may prove useful, the following 
will doubtless be considered interesting. 
r. Kwicur states, “ Hort. Transactions,” v. 4, 
P- 448, that “it has been contended there is much 
Waste in planting large sets ; because the old tuber 
18 often found to have lost little in weight, when an 
early crop is taken up in an immature state ; and it 
has thence been inferred that a very small part only 
ofthe matter of the old tubers enters into the com- 
Position. of the new. But I believe a false infer- 
ence has in this case been drawn, and that under 
Ordinary circumstances a very large portion of the 
Soluble matter of the old tubers- is employed in the 
formation of the new ; for Ihave proved by experi- 
ments purposely made, that the vital union and 
community of circulating fluid between. the old 
tuber and the plant which has sprung from it is not 
80 soon dissolved. Some Potatoes of rather large 
Size and early habit were placed in such situations 
that the fibrous roots only of the plants entered into, 
9r were in contact with, the soil. Thus circum. 
stanced, an abundant blossom appeared, and seeds 
Would have been produced in the manner I have 
described in the « Horticultural Transactions,” v. Ly 
p. 38; but both the blossoms. and the runners, 
Which would have formed young tubers, were alike 
Temoved. The old tubers, though fully exposed to 
the Sun and air, still retained life, and were obviously 
Supplied with moisture by the stems which had 
Sprung from them; and the result was ultimately 
x What I had anticipated. "The plants, after many 
Ustrated efforts to produce blossoms and tubers 
don every part of their branches, at last threw 
eir sap back into the old tubers; and a numer- 
NE crop of young tubers was Suspended from.the 
aude or eyes of the old. This did not occur till 
autumn; and therefore the. vital union. must have 
übsisteq through the whole summer; and I-enter- 
we but very little doubt that such an union. sub- 
aan under ordinary circumstances, till almost the 
b Ole of the soluble and organizable matter has 
een absorbed by the new [plant]? 
a Twenty-five years have elapsed since the above 
as Written by Mr. Kxraur ; and we now witness 
in the same way as last season, though, as yet, not 
so universally. 
Such being the case, if anything can be done 
there is not a moment to lose. The tops are as yet 
to all appearance in healthy vegetation, with the 
exception of that of the very early varieties, which 
are of course approaching their natural period of 
decay. But the main crops ought to grow for 
many weeks, if they had only roots to support them ; 
they are young enough to make fresh roots above 
the present useless underground portion, if a FRESH 
EARTHING UP IS IMMEDIATELY COMMENCED. What 
may be the result of such a proceeding no one can 
now tell; but-the time was when the Potato-plant 
endured earthing up to any extent during the whole 
summer, and continued making successions of fresh 
roots and tubers with which hills.a yard wide were 
filled, as was.observed in the course of some experi- 
ments made in the garden of the Hort. Society. 
We would, therefore, earnestly advise that the 
crop..be. examined, and. that wherever the stem is 
found affected under ground, the operation of 
earthing-up be immediately put in practice. Be- 
cause this, and this alone, appears to offer a chance 
of saving many crops. Not that we pretend to say 
that it will certainly be a successful operation ; but 
it can do no harm, and may perchance do much 
good.—|| 
Isthese days of Warmine and VENTILATION, and 
particularly.in reference to exotic gardening, it may 
be-useful to. inquire. into the means employed by 
Nature, with a view to the better imitation of her 
effects. For this purpose our readers are invited to 
a meteorological speculation which is believed to be 
new, if not true; and which may, perchance, elicit 
from our contributors something both new and true. 
The peculiar coldness of the east wind is pretty 
generally admitted. The poet. Bunss, indeed, 
speaks of the “wintry west," though he to some 
extent neutralises this by talking elsewhere of 
“biting Boreas” and the “stormy north.” 
Suaxsreare is equally heretical. King John ex- 
claims— 
ae **Intreat the north, 
To make his bleak winds kiss my parched lips 
And comfort me with cold.” 
Later poets, however (unless these matters have 
changed), do.the elements more justice. They 
“tax not with unkindness,” the north, but assail the 
east. Sir WALTER Scorr, in a letter to Sourney, 
upbraids certain “abominable easterly afternoons,” 
and Moonz illustrates some theological point thus : 
—“ as in the same quarter of the heavens arises the 
sunbeam which gives life to the flower and the 
withering gale that blasts it.” 
This pretty simile serves to bring home the 
subject to the pursuits of Horticulture ; and though 
the fact doubtless is, as Moore states it, that the 
east is the withering wind,the east wind does not per- 
haps arise precisely in the same quarter as the sun, 
and this leads to the views about to be put forth. 
The admitted coldness of the east wind is gene- 
rally ascribed in this country to its supposed pass- 
age over the Continents of Europe and Asia, and 
to its consequent dryness ; but this is negatived by 
the fact that the East is equally a cold wind on the 
pismenfable change in the vegetation of the Potato 
SEDE The absorption. of the. decaying substance 
x le old tuber goes on as formerly; but at. the 
AS time a brown tinge, resembling that of the 
ds tying set, is communicated to the under-ground 
the ton of the stem, whilst yet in connexion with 
Ce Set; the bark decays, and, in consequence, | 
45 Dot receive the returning sap from the foliage 
Tabet? a supply of roots ; for want of fresh nou- 
die ent the stem and leaves become. diseased, and 
Prematurely, 
FS uring the late excessively hot dry. weather, 
ore, Quarters planted with various kinds of Potatoes 
He rapidly ; and up to the present time, June 24, 
im, Pants exhibit the most healthy appearance 
But on pulling up some stems the 
any are quite dead, and can be 
eastern shores of America and Australia, whither 
it arrives fresh from the surface of the Ocean. 
The truth seems) to be this: that inasmuch as 
there is a constant current westward, to some, dis- 
tance on.both sides of the equator, the atmosphere 
north and south-of these currents must of necessity 
be thrown into a series of whirls, just as. a wide 
piece, of water, through which runs a stream, has 
its margins filled. with circling eddies. On this 
supposition the greater part of the variable winds 
are, in. fact, whirlwinds, precisely similar in kind, 
though inferior in violence, to the tropical hurri- 
canes, which are, now nearly decided to have this 
character. 
The dotted lines and arrows within the annexed 
circle, fig, 1, are intended to explain this idea ; and if 
v it be granted 
fyt- that such 
whirls — will 
upon us. 
Jig. 2. To an observer at 
the point N, for in- 
stance, the air is moy- 
ing from west to east; 
it is therefore called 
by him a. west wind, 
and as it has rotated 
altogether in lati- 
tude south of the ob- 
server, it is of course 
relatively warm. 
To an observer at 
the point S, all the 
diions are r 
versed; his portion of the whirl strikes him.from 
the east; it hae previously traversed a region 
wholly to the north of him, where its superfluous 
water had been condensed ; its appetite for moisture 
is revived by the higher temperature of the latitude 
at which it has now arrived; and at S it is clearly 
a dry cast wind, though forming part of the very 
same revolving current, which impinging in a satus 
rated state on the observer at N, had been called by 
him a moist west wind. 
In like manner. an observer at W would call the 
wind south; and one at E would call it north ; 
though they are similarly situated in reference to 
the latitude of the space in which the revolution 
occurs; but one receives-it immediately from the 
north and the other from the south. 
The extreme points of such a whirl are those 
which occur just after the current has been most 
rapidly changing its latitude, such as X where the 
wind is 
“ A dripping south-west ;" 
and Z, where it is 
** a north-east, 
Good neither for man nor beast.” 
A, 
Ir appears from a paragraph which has been 
going the round of the newspapers, that one Jouw 
Diesy, a Norfolk peasant, has discovered some 
Wonperrur Brnny in the hedgerows of his neigh- 
bourhood, which * will grow the finest Potatoes in 
quality that ever were grown. One quart of these 
berries will produce as much as one bushel of our 
common Potato.” And the gentleman further re- 
ports that although the said berries must go through 
“some regular processin the course of the winter,” 
yet that “it is attended. with: searcely any trouble 
and no expence.” 
Is it possible that people - can» be simple enough 
to believe this story? It would seem so, from letters 
that have'reached' us.. We really cannot waste 
time in speculating upon the true meaning of this 
absurd announcement. The man has, perhaps, 
probably be 
created with- 
DU ee cee in and be- 
¥ Vecne Y yond the 
temperate 
zones by the 
continuous 
currents of 
figure, which 
represents 
one of these 
whirls from 
e northern 
th 
"They are affected | hemisphere on a larger scale, will shew the real 
found out that the roots of what the Norfolk ees 
call. Lords and Ladies (Arum. maculatum). are 
eatable.; if so, we lament the destitution. which has 
led to.such.a diet, for it says little for the condition 
of the Norfolk peasant. The starch of the Arum is 
very good, no doubt, when: properly mixed with 
sugar and wine; but the roots themselves are 
only to be classed with Pignuts, Acorns, and Beech- 
mast, which might have suited Gurrn and WAMBA, 
ut are not exactly what we should recommend as 
the diet of the 19th century. 
[e eee e 
THE. INCENSE, OR, FRANKINCENSE OF 
CRIPTURE. 
Tue word * Lebonah" occurs in numerous places in the 
Old Testament, in all of which it is translated. Incense 
or Frankincense in the authorised version. In the 
New Testament the word /ibanos is considered to indi. 
eate the same thing, and is likewise translated Frankin. 
cense. Matthew ii, 11: “and when they (i. e. the wise 
men from the east) were come into the house, and when 
they had opened their treasures, they presented each 
their gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh,” 
in Revelations xviii. 13, incense is enumerated among 
» 165; v. 115 vi, 
15; xxiv, 7: Numbers v.15: 1 Chron. ix. 29: Nehem, 
, Inallof which it is mentioned as one of the 
ingredients of the offerings. directed to be burnt upon 
the altars. The other ingredients were fine flour, ears 
of corn, Barley meal, with oil, and in some cases sweet 
spices, In Other places it is used in a figurative 
sense, as in Cantieles iii. 6: * Who is this. that cometh 
out of the wilderness like pillars of smoke, perfumed 
with myrrh and frankincense 3” iv. 65 i 
to the mountain of myrrh, and to the. hill of frankins 
cense ;” Isaiah xliii. 23.:: «I have not caused thee to 
also, lxvi. 3. 
“To what ptfrpose cometh there to 
From all these passages, we 
