i 
e 
488 
£ SCISCO 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
| Jury 18, 
Tt will be observed from the foregoing Table that the 
improvement made by C and F is below an average ; 
this, however, would have been anticipated by any per- 
son having the least experi in the g t 
sheep, from the peculiar manner it was necessary to 
confine them, for the purpose of ascertaining the value 
of the cake as a manure upon the future crop. Indeed, 
]togeth il l 
the g was 
to sheep ; but as each division laboured under the same 
disad ge, the g es not therefore de- 
tract in the least from the value of the experiment, It 
will be noticed also that the improvement made by A 
and D on the home-cake, and B and E on the foreign, is 
exactly reversed in the different fields, a circumstance 
which cannot in any way be accounted for, 
The last part of this experiment now falls to be con- 
sidered, viz., the value of Linseed-cake as a manure, 
when consumed upon the ground by sheep—the pro- 
duce of one field only being given, though the effect 
produeed upon the two cake divisions in the other, pre- 
sented an equally marked and favourable appearance. 
Early in March the land was sown with Wheat, 
reaped by the 20th of September, and thrashed on the 
21st December, when the produce of the different 
divisions was found to be as follows, the grain being all 
properly eleaned of refuse, but not separated into first 
and second quality :— 
Tabular View of the Produce of the different Lots 
g E E 
E "dote ug g |y ee 
ea | & |25| 38.1 2 | 22s | 523 
8 | 2 rx | eee! 54 
L| B8 | $ |$3 $23 3 | S22) 288 
am Lum ma ssec SS ma 
a $E [a | S 3a, |F 8 
e E | E " 
Tbs. | Ibs: | Ibs. Ibs. | Ibs. 
A 1.041 | 2248 6l 288 817 1182 
B 1.041 | 2223 614 263 3506 600 1182 
c 1.041 | 1960 624 is 2906 * E 
77* Tn addition to the above return, a further allowance ought 
to be made for unexhausted manure, 
Experiment II.—This was an experiment carried on 
during the latter part of 1844, for the purpose of ascer- 
taining the relative value of the following articles in the 
fattening of sheep, viz., Linseed, Linseed-cake, Poppy- 
cake, Beans, and a mixture of Beans and Linseed. 
The sheep selected for this purpose consisted of 
95 Cheviot ewes taken from a flock of 250, which 
had reared their lambs during the summer, and were of 
fair quality when the experiment commenced, but from 
the greater part of them wanting teeth, and conse- 
quently unable to break the Turnips, they were supplied 
instead with a full allowance of Turnip-tops (except for 
a few days afterwards specified), in addition to the dif- 
ferent articles used, a circumstance which tends to en- 
hance the value of the experiment, as from the worth- 
less nature of Turnip-tops in fattening, any improvement 
made by the animals must be almost entirely attributed 
to the qualities of the foreign substances used. 
The different lots, which consisted of four of 20, and 
one of 15, sheep, may be classed as A, B, C, D, and E. 
Lot A, containing the 15, were put upon the Linseed, 
having reduced the number as much as was consistent} 
; queis 
with accuracy for the exp from an app 
that Linseed would not tend to improve the animals, on 
account of the large quantity of oil it contains* acting 
too powerfully upon their systems; a fear, however, 
which had no foundation, as they kept throughout in as 
healthy and natural a state as if feeding upon Grass. 
Lot B was put upon the Linseed-cake, and received the 
same quantity as D upon the Beans ; C was put upon a 
mixture of Beans and Linseed for the first three 
weeks, and afterwards upon the Poppy-cake, and E 
upon a mixture of Beans and Linseed. All the several 
lots being inclosed upon small portions of Grass land 
equally sheltered, had as impartial justice done them 
inthe management as it was possible to effect. The 
quantity given at first of the different articles, was 
smaller than indieated by the average consumption, and 
was gradually increased to as much as each division 
would freely consume. The time, also, when this ex- 
periment was carried on, was limited to what was con- 
sidered the most proper for getting the greatest return 
from the articles used. The results are as follow :— 
made after it was completed, to ascertain the loss at- 
tending its use in a whole state—by supplying a lot of 
the sheep with unground seed, confining them to clean 
spots of ground—earefully collecting their droppings,— 
subjecting it to a series of washings,—evaporating the 
residue to dryness, and then weighing it, when the loss 
was found to be under one per cent. 
The following figures will represent the quality of the 
Linseed-cake used, assuming the number 8 as the 
average quality of that made at Hull :—, 
HomeusedinNo.1 . . . . 8 
Foreign in ditto 4 . . . it 
Ditto in No. . . TR 
Poppy-cake of good quality, 
Experiment III.— The following experiment was 
carried on during the progress of that of No. II. The 
Turnip tops upon the farm having been all consumed 
by the 15th November previous to commencing storing 
the Swedish Turnips, the opportunity was taken for 
making a trial to ascertain the saving effected by the 
use of the different articles—an important considera- 
tion with the farmer. For this purpose 20 additional 
ewes were taken from the same flock, and 'inclosed se- 
parately for eight days; during which time the six 
divisions were supplied with a full allowance of white 
Turnips, which were duly weighed (without roots and 
tops) and eut upon the Grass; the refuse was after- 
wards carefully collected, re-weighed, and deducted, so 
that the actual consumption is only given. The results 
of this trial are thus shown :— i 
EM Consumption of each le, .|* 
2A sheep per day. eles 
Be Consumption of EEIE 
55] foreigh keep. EER 
EE be Bald g 
SIS E E Foreign Keep. 8 
Div. |Ibs.| Ibs. lbs. Me E lbs. 
A. |1782| 52 Linseed. ünseed, 
e|. |. 3 Beans. 14 4 Beans. } 859/182% 
B [1781/200 Li d-cak 114| 20 Li d e, |1741| 49} 
€ |2402/280 Poppy-eake. | 15 | 28 Poppy-cake. |1120| 312 
D 23122200 Beans. 143] 20 Beans. 1210| 344 
E 2699100 Beans. 163| 10 Beans. 823| 234 
s. | +» | 60 Linseed. 6 Linseed. 
F |3522 m lt 22 m . DET 
It will be observed from this Table that the saving of 
Turnips effected in division B is great, and seems a 
larger proportion for the 20 ounces of Linseed-cake, 
than Experiment I. gave in its quantities; but much, 
no doubt, will depend upon the size and condition of the 
sheep, as the lower the condition the greater will be 
the quantity of food consumed. It may be held asa 
safe calculation, that 16 ounces of good Linseed-cake 
per day to sheep of 9 stone weight, will effect a saving 
in the consumption of Turnips equal to 33 per cent., 
and at the sametime so far improve the health of the 
animals as to diminish the number of deaths by upwards 
of 50 per cent. 
Experiment 1V.—In order to ascertain if the use of 
the different articles in Experiment II. produced any 
difference as to tallow, five average ewes were selected 
from each division and weighed ; two days afterwards 
they were killed and weighed under the inspection of 
the reporter, having been driven, in the interval, 
Home Correspondence. i 
Farming Profits.—In your Paper of June 27, * W. S., 
Woodford,” gives his balance sheet from Michaelmas, 
1844, to Michaelmas, 1845, and desires correspondents 
to give him inf ion for its i a differ- 
ent management, jit struck me in glancing my eyes 
over it, that he gives no data by which any one can 
judge of his management, unless it be this, that he has 
not a perfect system of book-keeping, A balance is 
valuable only when it shows the real state of a man’s 
affairs. Now, this balance shows a defaleation of 18l, 
but it is stated immediately before, as a redeeming fea- 
ture, that the stock in 1845 was 538/. better than in 
1844 ; now, if this means any thing, it means that the 
5207. which the gentleman has made, has been expended 
in stock. The money is surely thus better employed 
than lying in his banker's hands. "There is no arrange- 
ment in the items at all by which any one can judge of 
the sources of either loss or profit. The poultry alone 
has an appearance of distinctness, but it is only an ap- 
pearance, ‘They are put down as having cost 9/. and . 
sold at 24/., but here even no one can tell whether there 
is a loss or a profit. Ifa tradesman in difficulty were 
to put in such a balance sheet, no creditor could šus- 
tain it. The first improvement “ W. S." can and ought 
to make, is the adoption of a set of simple books for 
keeping his accounts in an intelligible manner ; and if 
he is indisposed for keeping them himself, let him hire 
a young man as clerk, and he will very soon see what 
pays him and what does not, and then he knows how to 
act. It would be out of place just now to say what 
books he might advantageously use, but almost any 
plain systems will do to show what a given product has 
really cost. A small farmer may “lump” things 
together, and from deficiency of education be excused, 
but certainly an “amateur” with 600 acres, and a float- 
ing capital of 40007. or 50007., is surely inexcusable. 
An hour at the books every morning, with a proper sys- 
tem, will show a much more satisfactory balance without 
doubt.—D. W., Aberdeen, July 1. 
Mangold Wurzel and Salt.—On looking over the 
Volume of the Agricultural Gazette for 1845, I read 
an account of a very large crop of Mangold Wurzel 
which was manured with salt (page 123.) The para- 
graph says, “I ordered common salt to be strewed over 
the Groundsel and between the drills, following the hoes 
which were at work upon this weed. The result was 
their total destruction.” Am I to understand that the 
Groundsel was undisturbed by the hoes and removed 
by the salt being applied upon it, or that the Groundsel 
was detached by the hoes, and the salt then applied, 
which turned this weed into a manure. With respect 
to salt, would your ipondent advise an applicati 
of it to Mangold Wurzel where 8 cwt. of guano per 
Irish aere has been used broadcast before forming the 
drills. With guano my Mangold Wurzel grows very well 
till the latter part of the season, when it seems to stop 
short, and I would be glad to know whether salt from a 
bacon store would tend to increase its growth, and if so 
at what time and in what manner could it be best ap- 
plied. Iam now just hand weeding and thinning the 
rows of my earliest erop, which is 4 or 5 inches high. 
My principal crop is about 2 to 3 inches high, and has 
had nothing done to it as yet, so that I shall be anxious 
to have his opinion.—.4 Subscriber. 
Rooks.—I see in your Gazette of June 27th, a com- 
ication ab iblishing a rookery. I have often 
23 miles, _ The following Table exhibits the results :— 
ive |Weight of| Weight | Weight 
Lots. Weight, | Carcass, f of 
ec. 23. | Dec. 25. | Tallow. | Skins. 
Ibs. Ibs. Ibs. lbs. 
A 666 344 55 52 
B 647 335 57 51 
e 654 338 57 57 
D 641 327 49 52 
E 688 347 6l 50 
These experiments having been conducted with a view 
to personal information, a strict regard to accuracy was 
observed in every detail, and though conducted upon 
rather a limited scale, they clearly establish the fact, 
that mutton can be produced ata lower rate per lb., 
upon a liberal use of foreign keep along with Turnips, 
than upon Turnips alone, taking of course the increased 
Seles] oles] s ATO 
esas! 3|z3| 8 improve- 4 ; 
E [^ 2 3| 2 | Average consumption by | ment of | Cost of production, per 1b.| Total Consumption, 
ERIS | 5 |9m| S | each sheep, per week. eac] 
mI-SIA Zaj & sheep, per 
week, 
Ë| 1bs.| Ibs.| Ibs.| Ibs. Ibs.| oz. oz. oz, Ibs. 
a 
A |183 ++ |2008) 169| 563 Linseed. 20 464 Linseed.* 477 Linseed. 
EM --|.. | 4i Beans. us SANE z 36 Beans. 
B 113} Linseed cake. 18 101 Linseed cake, 1275 Linseed cake, 
€ 2 954 Beans and Linseed. 25% 59 Beans and Linseed, { 310 Beans. 
epe M rir y . m . . A ives oe) .. 48 Linseed, 
Es] o 20! 571 Poppy-cake. 231 oppy-cake. 1180 Poppy-cake, 
p a | .. 12557| 153 1131 Beans 134 1331 Beans. 1275 Beans. 
E247 2736! 819 i i ( 102 Beans, 
| al ae | ee |2 | 319| 100 Beans and Linseed. 28} 564 Beans and Linseed. { 422 Linseed. 
The Linseed used in the experiment was ground, but 
from the great, difficulty in doing so, several trials were 
hi Linseed of fine quality, weighing 52 Ibs. per bushel, such as 
yas used jin this experiment, readily yields from 11 to 12 gal- 
lons of oil per quarter, weighing 9 lbs. per gallon, or about 25 
Per cent, of its weight, inis n 
value of the manure into account ; and that of the dif- 
ferent articles used in Experiment II., Linseed is the 
most valuable, and Beans the least so, but that a mix- 
ture of both forms a useful and nutritious article of food. 
— Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural 
Society of Scotland, 
about 
heard it suggested, though I never knew it tried, that 
by placing the eggs of the rook in the nest of the car- 
rion crow, a rookery might be established. As the 
young rooks would be bred and fed in a more natural 
way than that tioned our pondent, M 
Carr, I take the liberty to mention it, as it may possibly 
suit the fancy of some of your readers to try the expe- 
riment. I reside where there are thousands, and am 
their sincere friend.— Craven Grazier. 
How the Labourer Lives.—I have somewhere read 
of a master manufacturer who had a very clever man 
employed in his works, who in fact for his skill was 
more valuable than any of his brother workmen ; but 
he was a sad drunkard. As a matter of course this 
man’s cottage was always in disorder ; his wife a poor 
hard working creature, and his children always in rags 
and almost starving ; and this notwithstanding the mat 
had very good wages and was in constant employment- 
In vain his master pointed out to him the evils of bis 
conduct, lectured and threatened him. The man pro- 
mised fair; and though for a short time he might go 
on pretty soberly, he soon relapsed into his old habits, 
and was just as bad and miserable as ever. At last bis 
master wearied out with his constant mal-practices, de- 
tegmined to try one more chance ere he discharged him 
from his service. He therefore told him he had deter- 
mined, as his warnings had been disregarded, that he 
would keep him only on one condition, which was, that | 
* he should no longer pay him his wages in money, bu 
that he should weekly lay them out in such necessaries 
as the family required, and lay the surplus by for rent 
and to put in the savings’ bank.” The man after some 
hestation agreed to this, as dismissal was the alterna- 
tive. The story proceeds to state how the master lai 
out the wages every week, enumerating each article as 
to quantity and price ; for bacon, tea, sugar, shoes, &e. 
&c., and at the end of the year, the man being com- 
pelled to abstain from drinking, from being without 
money, adds soberness to his industry, becomes fore- 
man of the works, and himself and his neat comfortable 
home and family become the models for the factory. 
Now, sir, the upshot of this long story is to Say tha 
you would confer, I believe, a very great benefit upon 
Te 
