520 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE. 
take place, both in wall-fruits and espaliers ; it may, in 
the main, be accomplished by pinching off the extreme 
points. This’is particularly necessary where'it is de- 
sirable to carry out a dwarfing system. With regard 
to other fruits, however, there can exist no reason for 
suffering over-excited trees to continue producing wood, 
which can never be perfectly ripened, and which must 
be pruned away in the ensuing winter. The necessary 
consequences of this process is—Ist, a greater concen- 
tration of sap in the neighbourhood of the fruit ; 2dly, 
an inducement to the axillary buds to prepare for de- 
velopment ; and 3dly, a powerful incftement to equalisa- 
tion of the sap, thereby i greater uniformity 
of growth. In performing the operation, with reference 
to the latter principle, the grossest of the shoots only 
should be stopped, leaving all the lower parts of the 
tree growing until the end of the season. 
CONSERVATORIES, STOVE, &c. 
Conservatory.—Although flowers of all kinds are, at 
this period, most abundant out of doors, yet some large 
and well-grown specimens of choice things will always 
furnish interest in this structure. To accomplish this, 
large shifts must be had recourse to, accompanied by 
improved modes of potting ; viz., extra drainage, toge- 
ther with a greater reliance on turfy soils in a lumpy 
state, than upon complex composts. The climbers 
must at all times receive much attention in this 
house. Stopping gross wood is by far too much ne- 
glected. Above all, secure a thorough freedom from 
insects, together with a most cleanly system ; all this 
presupposes plenty of labour, directed with judgment. 
Stoves.—The business here is mere routine at this pe- 
riod. Propagation matters having been secured, toge- 
ther with high cultivation, little remains but to pay 
every attention to perfecting the wood already made. 
This must be accomplished by a freer circulation 
of air, and by a somewhat less amount of atmospheric 
moisture. Orchids.—As in last Calendar. If any of the 
very early-growing kinds are disposed to sink into 
& state of rest, remove them to a comfortable shelf 
in a moderately warm house. Mixed Greenhouse.— 
Follow the directions in last Calendar. Above all, look 
well after stock intended to enliven the shelves of this 
structure in the dead of winter. To accomplish this, 
many things now deemed of little import, amongst the 
blaze of beauty of this season, will then be most ac- 
ceptable. The common Anemone, potted three or 
four in a pot, and placed in a comfortable frame, with 
the Neapolitan or Russian Violet, in September, may 
be introduced to blossom on the shelves of this house 
through November and December. The common single 
Blood Wallflower also, if sown in March, their leading 
shoots pinched out in June, and potted three in a mode- 
rate sized pot, generally produces a good bloom through 
the dead of winter. Many more things of the kind 
might also be enumerated. 
KITCHEN GARDEN FORCING. 
Pines.—lf any plants require shifting, let it be per- 
formed without delay. For my own part, however, I 
Boursault as a stock for Perpetuals, more especially for 
early work. The reason is obvious; it isa Rose of 
easy excitability, and must of course have a very early 
action of root. Let biennials be transplanted, and look 
sharply after the propagation ground. The success of 
next year's masses will depend in no small degree on 
the vigilance of the next three weeks. The Mule Pink 
is an invaluable old flower ; cuttings should be made, 
or what is preferable, let the plants be layered, Con- 
tinue to fill blanks, to stake carefully, and to maintain 
the utmost degree of neatness, 
ORISTS’ FLOWERS, 
Carnations and Picotees.—Care must be taken that 
all the decayed and withered petals are removed from 
those calices where the seed-pod is formed. This may 
be ascertained by subjecting each to a gentle pressure 
of the thumb and finger. 1t will also be advisable to 
carefully split the calyx, in order to prevent the lodge- 
ment of water, which is apt to take place when this is 
neglected. Proceed with all possible dispatch in layer- 
ing, &e. &e., and prepare some good sound loam and 
leaf-mould, well mixed, for potting off the early-rooted 
layers, for when sufficiently rooted they are better 
away from the parent root ; it gives them a check and 
prevents spindling. Pinks.—The old stools will have 
now made considerable growth, and thrown up much 
Grass ; this will afford a second erop of pipings, where 
a large stock is required. If the plants have been 
grown in pots, they may be turned out in the open 
border the first showery or suitable weather. I always 
preserve some old stodls of new or scarce sorts, for, if 
am totally of opinion that under the old system no 
sized pot whatever is required between the 6-inch pot 
and the final shift to the fruiter. All the rest is super- 
fluous labour. Vines.—See that ripening Grapes have 
abundance of air; not, however, chilling winds. Look 
well after wasps and the depredations of mice. The 
latter will deface whole bunches for the sake of the 
seed alone. Peaches.—Take care of the early forced 
trees. Do not let them be starved into a state of rest 3, 
this may promote early excitability, but it will be at the 
expense of constitutional vigour. If, however, an 
watery wood starts late, disbud it immediately, and stop 
all the superior shoots in the late houses as soon as the 
last swelling commences, Above all things, keep them 
all free of insects. Melons.—As the weather changes 
let your tacties change also, Starvation must not be 
permitted, whether in July or in February. The finest 
of Melons may be rendered useless in one week bya 
sudden depression of temperature. Cucumbers.—Look 
out for layers or seedlings to renew the boxes in the 
Pine stove. None can exceed the Sion House for 
utility in this situation. 
KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 
Let a good sowing of h Cos Lettuce be! 
made directly. This will stand all the autumn, 
and on well prepared ground, produce fine Lettuces ; 
some of the later plantings from this sowing may be 
covered up with inverted garden-pots after tying up. 
ave preserved fine large Lettuces by such means, up 
to the early part of the winter. Continue planting good 
beds of Endive, increasing the elevation of the bed as 
the season gets later. Follow up Broccolies and Greens 
of all kinds. If the Potato disease proceeds, all will 
be wanted. I would respectfully direct attention to 
Some remarks of this kind at the conclusion of the | 
Leader of last weel's number, The plan there re- 
commended may yet answer to a great extent. Much, 
owever, will depend on the manner its per- 
formance. Orchard.—Attend well to fruit trees of all 
kinds. Little superfluous wood, should, if possible, be 
formed on tender fruit-trees, after the middle of 
August. Not only the fruit, but the wood for the 
ensuing year, must be ripened. Even Apples, Pears, 
Plums, Cherries, &e., are amenable to this law in 
some degree. 
FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 
Litte can be added here at present. I need searcely 
say attend to “high dress.” Those who can command 
the means will surely ‘do so. Follow up Rose-bud- 
ding ; those planted last winter, if they have not 
Started well, must have a little more time. I believe 
that some of our Rose growers are still partial to the 
well grown, they are often more steady in the produc- 
tion of well-laced flowers than younger plants; and 
they are also useful for obtaining seed from. Ranun- 
culuses.—The beds from which the roots have bee: 
taken up should now be dug over and ridged up, in 
order to sweeten the soil by exposure to sun and air. 
The soil, also, for planting Tulips in, should be 
carefully turned over, and all grubs and wire-worms 
destroyed. Dahlias.—Entrap by all possible means 
earwigs, which are the cultivator’s bane ; and remove 
all misshapen buds as they appear. 
t OTTAGERS’ GARDENS. 
Now is an exċellent time to sow a sloping bank, or a 
highly raised bed, with the prickly Spinach, for the 
winter. This easily cultivated vegetable is under-rated 
by the cottager. It is nevertheless a most useful thing, 
if only for furnishing a slight change occasionally. Pigs 
will at all times eat it greedily ; and where a cow is kept, 
it is one of the most wholesome things for her with which 
I amacquainted: used when running to seed in March 
what plants you propose to grow. For co 
plants they are needless, 
men. Slate shelves are better than wood, because they are 
Impressions or LEAVES—J S 
very old, and if well-managed answers perfectly; but your 
a 
little practice. We cannot answer inquiries privately. 
that the caterpillar 
pillars, Cooper’s and Geometra. R,——P A—It is the cater- 
pil 
E A S—The parenchyma of 
a minute maggot, 
best means of arresting the 
mischief. I, ——J R W— Your beautiful large caterpillar will 
th, next summer, called Sphinx (Acherontia) 
Atropos, the death's-head moth. The caterpillar will bury 
itself in the earth to change to a chrysalis, and if it be dis- 
turbed it will in all probability die. You will find its history, 
and figures of the insect, in Curtis’s “ Brit. Entomology,” 
fol. and pl. 147. R.——JR—Y our fine Caterpillar will bury 
itself in the earth to become a chrysalis, and next summer it 
will produce the Death’s-head Moth, called Sphinx (Acheron- 
tia) Atropos, figured in Curtis's Brit. Ent.” pl. 147. I. —— 
Abutilon striatwm—Until you can send us some of the animals, 
it will not be possible to say what is injuring your plant. 2. 
Lizres—% C—Your monster is a very common state of the 
White Lily. It loses its power of producing flowers in their 
usual form, and in their stead clothes the flowering branch 
with coloured bracts. es. cannot answer your 
quiry about Ferns; an advertisement will procure the in- 
formation, 
MaNunE—A B—Your question is one of those which cannot be 
answered betterthan by advising you to make the solution 
very weak, and to apply it often. A handfal to a common 
watering-pot of water is enough for one dose. There are no 
such books as you desire. Better directions on the cultiva- 
tion of Pelargoniums than are to be found in our volume 
for 1841, cannot be given. They are full, and founded on 
the best known principles and practice, 
MELONS—A Lady— 
Names or Puanrs—S E N—The variety of Filago montana, 
called minima. — 7 A—Hpidendrum fucatum.— Denis 
Murray—Y our plant from a dry bank, by the side of a ruin, 
three miles in the North Liberties from Cork, is Salvia napi- 
folia, a plant not known to be British or Irish E—1, a 
Cissus of some sort ; 
Pyracantha ? ; 3, Calyptranthes Suzygiu 
Castilleia coccinea, a beautiful little 
vate well.—S Warnfor 
ornithopodioides ; 3, Frankenia levis, —. 
maritima is a Senecio, There is a yellow Prony ; it is called 
Witmanniana. Scarlets run to yellows, and vice versa. Some 
i Eltham—Next k; but we must not be 
plenium 
and April, ilking stock are at that period 
supplied rather liberally with Swedes or Mangold 
Wurzel ; these followed up are apt to produce too much 
internal heat in the animal. I have found, that by 
withholding the Wurzel for a few days, and substitu’. 
ing the “run” Spinach, the animal has at once been 
restored to a most healthy tone. Let the cottager per- 
sist in getting out greens in every spare plot. Let the 
Kidney, or other early Potatoes, be taken up much 
earlier than usual, for a double reason ; better plant 
unripe seed than diseased: the ground will, moreover, 
be available for Cabbages, to supply the place of lost 
Potatoes, 
FORESTING. 
This part of my duty is almost reduced to a sine- 
cure; little can be said at present, Let all gross weeds 
be eleared away once more about fresh plantations. 
Continue to make preparations for forest planting in the 
autumn. Have an eye occasionally to water. ; 
aud if at leisure, regulate the growth of young plantations 
by reducing the points of rival leaders. 
2 
29.975 
| 20.958 
ne ; rain; densely overcast at night 
our; clear ac night 
ht 
š; slig 
; white clouds and clear intervals? 
Sultry; very kot and dry; clear and fine at night. 
Mean temperature of the week 4j deg. above the average. 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 20 years, for the 
ensuing Week ending Aug 8, 1246. 
Prevailing W 
nde. 
| 
Aver. | Aver. | No of | Grentesc|- z 
Aug. |Highost| Lowest | Mean] Years in | quantity aE 
" 2 T ain. Y 
| Temp. | hehe p Rain zh Rain. z 
Sons osi as | eo 10 3| 1 
Mon. 3 74. 63.8 n J 
Tues 4 | 7: 64.0 10 i 
Wed. 5| 78. | 63.4 9 a 8 
Thur. 6| 72 | 62.8 10 . 1 
Fri 7 72.8 | 62.2 T 7 ga 
Sat. 8| 754 62.1 5 | - 
| 
The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the fd, 
1810—therm.87? ; and the lowest on the 6th, 1823—therm. 269. 
Notices to Correspondents, 
Booxs—Cinchonad—Porter’s ** Tropical Agriculturist.” 
DrisEASES—A—We suspect that wet and unripened wood are the 
cause of the affection, Is your ground well drained, and do 
the plants ever see the sun ? E 
FRUIT-TREE Borpers—J H and others—We shall take up this 
matter ourselves on Saturday next, d. v. 
Foucusras— C—No; it is a variety unknown to us.* 
GREENHOUSES—AÀ. Sub—Certainly, a span roof is much better 
than alean-to, The latter should be 12 feet high at back, if 
you have so much room. is removed as easily as 
another, Whether end-pipes are necessary, depends upon 
xt weel 
overtaxed.—— A S—Clethra arborea.—— Ina—Cymbidium 
aloifolium, 
Rosrs—D—Your plants are blighted. Nothing is to be done 
except to syringe them with clean lime-water, and to have 
patience. itis said that smelling salts answer the same pur- 
pose, but we have no experience, Syringe in the evening. 
Ruvsars WiNE— Ooi. (course the Rhubarb leaves must be 
` y e used when they become just too fibry 
for the purposes of the cook, 
SrowTANEoUS CownusrION—C M—We cannot account for the 
phenomenon ; unless the tree was set fire to by lightning or 
in mischief, which last is probable, 
Mısc—A B—You cannot have the volume for 1845. The Pub- 
lisher, however, can let you have that for 1844, as he has two 
copies left, ——4dam-—We.have no unanswered letters what- 
ever. If you have no ly, your question has not 
a ed,——Anon—Try zinc labels, and write on them with 
Burrows and Thoms’ chemical ink. You can buy the zinc of 
any tinman.— Borealis—Excuse us. We cannot settle the 
order of precedency in the servants’ hall. Apply 
master, ——5 R—A monthis but a s i 
to lie in the ground without germinating. You had better 
examine them, and see if they a i 
frame is a proper place for them. 
nt papers on Winter Flower: 
=) 
A 
= 
e 
We would refer you to 
s, published in the 
s year.——.A Gardener—Prices are often 
varying ; that which was worth 1s. 3d. in the spring may now 
be had for 6d. We donot think you have cause for complaint. 
——M P—Your double Chinese Primula may be increased by 
cuttings of the rather slender side shoots. Insert them in 
silver sand, not too deeply (for they are apt to damp off), and. 
place them in a slight bottom heat.[—— OC B. ; — Spring is 
perhaps the best time to graft Cacti. Nothing more than 
merely confining the parts grafted with bast is required.] —— 
V.P T—If you wi ind enough to refer to p. 116, 1845, 
you will find a plan of a pit that may po e 
purpose.I——4' E C—@lass tiles have been advertised at 
p. 388.}—— Full price will be given for No. 2, 1846. 
SEEDLING FLOWER 
ANTIRRHINUM—A Young Florist—Your seedlings want novelty ; 
we recognise in them the common garden varieties only,* 
CALCEOLARIAS—P— The seedlings you have sent we consider 
superior to your striped varieties of last season—the stripes 
are cleaner, stronger in colour, and better carried through 
flower—they form a most pleasing variety to the spotted 
kinds, are yery desirable additions to this class of 
flowe: 
Fucnstas—G@ B—Your seedling is a large and showy flower, 
but not superior to others in the same way."——D B— 
No. 1 is your best flower; then No.3. The corolla of ? is 
short, and too little seen. The remainder are commoner 
sorts, and none of them are equal to the best varieties in 
cultivation.*—A B—Of your flowers we préfer No. 2, the 
tinge of vermilion in the tube and sepals makes it showy. 
The corolla of No. 1 wants substance and compactness, and 
the sepals are toolong. J S—Your seedlings want novelty 
ur; No, 1 is the best, on account of the size of the 
PELARGONIUMS—J F—Your seedling scarlet forms a fine and 
compact truss ; in the specimens sent buds and flowers ae 
bering between 70 and 80 on each truss. The scarlet is 0! 
the most brilliant character.*— F L S—Y our seedling scarl 
is a deep rich-coloured variety, but not superior to the sorts 
already in cultivation.* 
E The wet moss had entirely obliterated 
os. upon your flowers, This is, in the present case, of liti 
IAS—A M— 
variety among your seedlings ; the dark state of the flower 
is very rich and fine in colour. E Fy 
and delicate; No. 75 is too crumpled, and Richard Cobden is 
a coarse and ill-formed variety."——— 
superba is very pretty, but too small.* 
