534 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE. 
[Aue. 8, 
great measure exempt from the disease, have this year | 
suffered most; and this ave seen myself. Last 
week several patches of bog Potatoes had their stalks 
completely withered up, more so, indeed, than the Po- 
tatoes in the molands. Within the last eight days I 
have been in more than 2 hundred Potato gardens, and 
not one patch, however small, put displayed more or 
less the plague-spot in stalk or leaf; and 1 naye had ae 
ports to a considerably greater extent, which all agre 
that no land of any description has escaped, nor Pota- 
toes of any kind. In addition to this I find; and I 
believe it is general, that there isa disposition in the 
lant to form roots and not tubers ; one, two, three, or 
four Potatoes, of small size for the time of year, under 
each stalk, and very seldom any, or at least very much 
fewer than usual at this season of those small young 
Potatoes that ave foundon the stalk, and useless from their 
size. It was thought by some that we might avoid the 
disease by planting sprouts ; this I believe is not so. Mine, 
planted without the set from a bed, are fully as much 
diseased as others, and the second shoots from the same 
sets are in the same stage of disease as the first ones. 
It is useless now, however, to talk of the disease, the 
cause is too general in its effects to be either within our 
control, or even perhaps attainable to our knowledge. In 
this we have a key for the absurdities that have been 
set forth, What we have now to attend to is to pro- 
vide some things as substitutes, and to press the adop- 
tion of them to meet the pressure as soon as possible, 
or we in Ireland will send you no corn, no pigs ; the 
landlords will be without rent, the manufacturers with- 
out a market, and the Government without a revenue. 
I am trying to urge on in Ireland the saving of early 
Cabbage seed as the first step, the season for so doing 
taken to England as Norway deals, to the Mediterranean 
as Bois du Nord. The Pinus sylvestris of the best quality 
grows on granite rocks, where there seems usually to 
be no soil at all, the roots getting down into fissures, 
and in these situations the trees sometimes attain a very 
large size, though their growth is of course exceedingly 
slow. Further east again, as in this neighbourhood, 
the soil becomes much richer, though still of the same 
nature. The crops in the plains and hollows are very 
fine, 2nd a good deal of Wheat is cultivated, but the 
timber is or quicker growth and not so good. In the 
south of Sweden, in Sunonen (or Scania) the country is 
said to assume the appearance vi Sealand, and the crops 
all to be very fine this year. Haymaking has been 
going on everywhere where we have been ; it 1$ not 
near all in in this neighbourhood and at Upsala. The 
crops are in some places heavy, and the weather uncer- 
tain ; but to facilitate the drying, I have seen in several 
places the hay hung,as it were, over horizontal poles, 
placed two or three one over the other in long rows, a 
new method said to answer very well in changeable 
weather wken the hay is long. I see very few artifi- 
cial Grasses cultivated, except Clover, nor any roots 
scarcely but Potatoes. A good deal of the Clover is 
Trifolium hybridum, a species very common here, wild, 
and when cultivated it grows tall like the common red 
Clover, with the flower more like that of the white creep- 
ing Clover. The smell of a field in flower is delicious. 
The taste for gardening is much on the increase in 
Sweden ; and the gardens are improving, notwithstand- 
ing the drawbacks occasioned as well by the climate as 
by the want of communication and difficulty in pro- 
curing novelties, which they can scarcely obtain but 
from Booth’s, of Flottbeck. In the neighbourhood of 
G br 
being now at hand, but am generally met by 
objections from those who will not attempt to provide 
a bsti and are unprepared with any expedient. 
I do not know, but I think Walcheren Broccoli might 
be sown now to come in in May, I, with you, foresaw 
the continuance of the disease, and urged as far as I 
could on the public press measures to meet it, but none 
have been adopted. Among others, were Beans and grain 
crops at intervals among fallow crops of Parsnips, 
Turnips, &c., and Broccoli for the ensuing spring. 
I have about two or three thousand of the Wileove and 
Legg's Late White either planted or pricked out, and I 
have nota doubt I am the only man in Ireland who 
has planted one extra plant this year. I am sowing 
Seed for early Cabbages, so as to give me 30,000 or 
40,000 plants, and I hold in Granard but one Irish 
aereofland. I would say to every gentleman and man 
of intelligence in Ireland, go and do likewise in propor- 
tion to your means. Oats should be sown before wia- 
ter ; and if we could depend upon a mild winter, in warm 
and sheltered places, Barley. I reaped to get it out of 
my way, a little sown in my garden last autumn, three 
weeks ago, quite green, but which has ripened since. I 
send a grain, which you will see is pretty full, the rest 
I shall sow shortly with a view of obtaining a hard, 
gh several tly-kept and pretty gardens, 
especially at the pretty village of Oergriider, are among 
the many indications of the i ing prosperity of the 
town; and the space covered by the soil taken from a 
new canal making in the town has been laid out in 
public promenades with clumps of flowering shrubs, 
On our way here, and in the éxeursions we have made, 
many of the country seats we have passed appeared to 
have gardens of some extent, often with green and hot- 
houses, and generally with gravel walks made in the 
woods. Many of these seats or chateaux, in which the 
upper classes in Sweden generally spend their summer, 
are beautifully situated, and the variety of forms 
assumed by the low-wooded granite rocks, and the great 
abundance of lakes of all sizes and shapes, give great 
scope for laying out picturesque grounds ; although to 
a traveller, after seeing hundreds of miles of the granite 
rocks and Pine woods, the country has rather too much 
of sameness. At Upsala we saw the house and 
garden where Linneeus lived and grew the plants 
marked in his herbarium as H. U., or Hortus Up- 
salensis, but it no longer belongs to the family; the 
old greenhouses, stone buildings with large windows, 
are converted to other purposes, and the only relies of 
Linnzeus there consist of some trees, especially a black 
variety ; it is the Chevalier. Beans: the Mazagan 
might be also sown in autumn. Lettuces: although I 
hardly dare mention them in Ireland, yet the country 
children are very fond of them, and bother me for 
them. Since writing the above, I have discovered a 
curious phenomenon, a fresh and vigorous growth in 
the decaying stalks, not only below but above the part 
affected, and this even in some of the worst cases, where 
the stalk is discoloured and brittle in many places, and 
where the whole plant appeared diseased in almost every 
part ; I di 1 the fresh vegetation, also, in a dis- 
eased stalk which had been pulled some days, and ap- 
peared withered throughout. It is not in only a few 
stalks that I discover this fresh vegetation, but in every 
stalk in $ of an Irish aere of ground. In some the 
brown bloteh is in a continued length of 6 inches, and 
even in some cases a foot. Am I too sanguine in the 
hope that this affords us a prospect of a possibility of 
the Potato rallying?—J. W. M. Goodiff, Granard. 
[We fear that no consolation is to be derived from this 
Foreign Correspondence. 
Stockholm, July 21, 1846.—From Copenhagen we 
crossed over to Gottenburgh. Wecame from thence 
here by the canal, and have been up to Upsala, so that 
all we have seen of Sweden belongs to the region of low 
granite ridges, or rather irregularly projecting rocks, 
interspersed with little plains rather than valleys, and 
numerous lakes of the most irregular shapes full of 
rocky islands. These rocks about burgl 
Poplar known to have been planted by his own hands. 
The present Botanie Garden, surrounding the Museum 
of Natural History at the back of the governor's 
palace, just out of the town, was laid out shortly after 
the younger Linnzus's death. The outer garden is 
pretty well kept, and is laid out as an ornamental prome- 
nade, with thick shaded walks, flowering shrubs, &e. 
The great vigour of vegetation shows the richness of 
the soil, although neither that nor the climate are said 
to be near so good as on the other side of Upsala. 
The tall Larkspur (Delphinium elatum, I believe, or 
exaltatum) looks more like a bush than a herbaceous 
plant, and forms tufts 7 or 8 feet high, with at least 20 
to 30 of its handsome spikes in flower at once. Gail- 
lardias were much finer than with us. Tagetes sinuata 
(Bartl.), a plant not cultivated I believe in England, is 
a pretty species, and amongst the shrubs there is a 
good deal of thé Caragana forming very thick tufts or 
hedges now out of flower, but from the very great 
quantity of seed pods must have been very full, and 
they say it is then very handsome. It is a much neater 
growing shrub than our Colutea. The botanical part 
of the garden, properly so called, disappointed me at 
first, There is a considerable extent of glass, old 
greenhouses, pits of various sizes, and more modern 
and light span-roof houses, but.looking untidy and 
out of repair, and the garden at'first appeared to 
have more’ weeds than anything’ else, but upon going 
through it the collection of plants appeared to be really 
considerable. Amongst those in flower, Goodenia 
g are 
mostly nearly bare, and the crops in the intervening 
arable land appear very poor after those of Sealand ; | 
they are said, however, to have suffered much this year 
from a drought of several weeks, and the rains have 
nowcome too late to do much good, at least tothe Rye, | 
which is there still the Anar crop; the Barley and | 
Oats were still young enough to benefit bythe wet. As 
we got further inland towards the Wenern lake the | 
rocks are clothed with thick forests of Pine and Fir, and | 
the vegetation of the hollows is much finer, though the | 
soil still appears rather poor. Here we come into the | 
country which supplies, to a great extent, the so-called 
Norway deals. The best in Sweden come from the pro- | 
vince of Wermland and other large tracts of country | 
on the northern shores of the Wenern. From Gotten- | 
burgh to the Wenern, and even to the Wettern, we met 
a great number of vessels loaded with planks, and rafts 
of larger timber, going down the Gotha canal to Gotten- | 
burgh, where they are shipped on board Norwegian | 
vessels, which come there chiefly in spring, and are | 
which I do not recollect in our collections, 
was very handsome. 
In the neighbourhood of Stockholm, the grounds at- 
tached to the Royal Academy are several of them very 
fine, and all Jaid open to the public, and places of much 
resort on Sundays and holidays. Those I have seen 
are Drottningsholm, the largest, about 5 or 6 miles from 
the town ; and, in the immediate vicinity, Rosendal, 
Haga, Carlsberg, now the Military Academy ; and 
Uriesdal, now the Invalid Hospital. All have the ad- 
vantage of lake scenery, and the drive round them, 
winding amongst wooded rocks, rich corn-fields and 
meadows, country seats and gardens, is one of the most 
enjoyable I know. In making this tour, we visited the 
horticultural establishments here, and, first, the garden 
of the Horticultural Society, situated partly within the 
town, in the northern suburb. It contains 8 or 10 
acres, and is under the management of Mr. Miiller, the 
head gardener, now absent. There is a considerable 
collection here, but many of the things rather too bota- 
nical, and from the way in which it is kept, it does not 
well attended, and where medals 
as prizes, and, what is not very horticultural, the gar- 
den is used occasionally on summer evenings for those 
out-of-door concerts which the Swedes as well as the 
Germans are so fond of. A much better kept and more 
interesting garden is that of the Bergian Gardener’s 
School, as it is called, under the management of Mr. 
Lundström, and the superintendence of the Academy 
of Sciences. This establishment was founded originally 
by the botanist and traveller Bergius, and attached to 
the Academy of Sciences as a school of instruction for 
gard The g t now made is that the 
academy lets the ground (for a considerable rent) to 
Mr. Lundström, who is allowed to cultivate it as a nur- 
sery garden under certain restrictions and supervision 
as to variety of cultivation, order, and neatness, &e., 
and who undertakes to instruet in praetical gardening 
a certain number of pupils (usually about a dozen), to 
whom the academy has lectures delivered in a building 
erected for the purpose, containing also a residence for 
the lecturer. Mr. Lundström, as gardener, has also a 
very agreeable residence in the garden. The present 
lecturer and superintendent on the part of the academy, 
is Professor Wikstróm. Mr. Lundstrüm is the great 
nursery and seedsman of Stockholm ; has realised a 
considerable fortune ; is a knight of the order of Wasa, 
and possessor of a landed estate and country seat. The 
garden (that is to say the part cultivated as a nursery) 
contains about 7 donners, a measure, I believe, larger 
than our acre, and is in excellent cultivation, contain- 
ing a great variety of trees, shrubs, ornamental as well 
as economical, and kitchen-garden plants all in very 
neat beds or rows, and alllabelled. The establishment: 
is said to turn out very good gardeners, 
The Agricultural Academy’s experimental garden is 
also within a couple of miles of Stockholm, and appears 
to be very well conducted under the immediate 
management of the gardener, Mr. Stinberg, and the 
peri d and inspection of Professor Wahlberg, 
who, unfortunately for me, is now absent on an 
excursion in Seania. A considerable variety of corn, 
as well as of Grasses, and other forage roots, &c., are 
here cultivated in larger or smaller patches, according 
to the particular object in view. By repeated experi- 
ments, and comparative cultivation, the gardener finds 
the Festuca arundinacea, Schreb. (F. littorea, Wahlenb. 
the best of all Grasses, at least for all Swedish soils, 
and certainly a field of it in this garden looked remark- 
ably well—tall-growing, but with a great deal of foliage, 
and the whole field was very regular and thick, and 
cattle are said to be very fond of it. 
I have, as usual, made inquiries here about Potatoes, 
which are very much cultivated in Sweden. 
disease last year made considerable ravages in Scania, 
where it was as bad as in Denmark, but northward 
it was much less prevalent, and in this neighbourhood I 
am assured that there was no damage done of any con- 
sequence. About Upsala, Professor Fries observed it, 
and has written a pamphlet on the subject. He, though 
a mycologist, is entirely on the side of those who con- 
sider the fungus as a result, not the cause of the dis- 
ease. Nothing has as yet appeared of the disease this 
year in any part of Sweden, as far as I can learn. 
On the subject of vegetables, an excellent one much 
eaten here, but which we never get in England, is the 
Pois sabre, or Pois sans parchemin, of which the young 
pods are eaten stewed. They are very sweet, and 
entirely without any stringiness, even when raw. 
Societies. 
ROYAL PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY OF GAR- 
DENERS. 
July 29.—Mr. Roninson in the chair. The following 
productions were exhibited, viz., some of Shaw’s early 
Potato, showing the presence of the disease of last year; 
also some seedling Dahlias, by Mx. Pope, gr. to Thos. 
Cubit, Esq. Mr, Wyness, gr. to Her Majesty, sent a 
number of seedling Dahlias, one a very promising light 
flower, of fine form, and perfectly distinct; likewise 
several seedling Fuchsias; Mr. Robinson, gr. to J. 
Simpson, Esq., a stand of 24 Verbenas, and a stand of 
12 Dahlia blooms ; Mr, Burgess, some double Primula 
sinensis, and new Fuchsias; Mr. Jones, gr. to Dr. 
Sutherland, Dahlias and French Marigolds; and Mr. 
F. Moore, gr. to Lord Auckland, seedling Alstroemerias, 
and a fine cut specimen of Catalpa syringzefolia, &. 
Several short di i ensued, principaily on the 
merits of the productions present, the advantages to be 
derived from such Associations, &e. It may be men- 
tioned that the Society has received the additional 
patronage of the Duchess of Cambridge.—W. Kemp, 
Hon, Sec. 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Aug. 4.—In consequence of the glass lantern of the 
meeting room having been destroyed by the hail-storm 
of Saturday, no meeting took place, as was duly adver- 
tised in the daily papers ; nevertheless several things. 
well deserving of notice, having been sent from the 
country, we give the following account of some of the 
most remarkable among them. From Messrs. Veitch 
and Son, of Exeter, was a cut specimen of a new Les- 
chenaultia, which has been named L. splendens ; but 
which is, perhaps, L. laricina. From the same nurser; 
wasalso Pleromaelegans, a very fine deep purple-flowere 
| 
