THE AGRICULTURAL 
GAZETTE. 
mature to the one which is destroying the Potato haulm 
I can now point out.— D. Moore, Royal Dublin Society's 
Botanic Garden, July 26,1846, in“ the Irish Farmers’ 
Journal.” 
From this profit there will be to deduct rent. 
take the tenants’ own be ee and suppose ‘that for | 
the first year he paid only 5s. rent for the unimproved | 2 
| moorland, but that the landlord, seeing the improvement | ; 
ET 
Now, | 
Cost and Returns of Improving Moorland. — Whilst | and produce obtained, immediately raised the rent. | 
at Belvoir I obtained a calculation, which was derived Now, a fourth of the produce is a fair rent (see on this 
from the tenantry themselves, as te the cost of improv- subject more fully, the evidence of the Earl of Mount- 
ing an aere of moorland, and thoroughly draining it with eashel before the Land Commissioners, Appendix, 
30-inch drains at twenty-one feet apart, and cultivating Part IIL, p. 148); therefore this improved land 
it for four successive years in the manner in which the would bear to pay 14. rent. 
But suppose the landlord 
tenantry according to the best of their knowledge cul- | was, in every aapea a hard landlord, and he raised 
tivate it, with Potatoes the two first years and Oats the the rent from 5s. the acre to 30s. for the improved land, 
two following, 
the price of labour and for every expense, and estimat- 
ing the produce at a low rate. The country around 
Belvoir is generally thin poor moorland. My object 
in obtaining this valuation was to show the folly of the 
excuse for apathy and want of exertion on the part of 
the tenants, which I again heard here as elsewhere,— 
that the rent would be raised if they improved their 
land, and they would be no better off. I wished also 
to take their own valuation and estimate of both cost 
and produee, and their own mode of cultivation n 
every agriculturist will see at once is not the best), i 
order to prove, on their own showing, the recedes 
apathy of not improving, and the absurdity of their 
excuse. In the following estimate the price of labour 
is charged at the full rate ; spread over a little time, 
the tenant and his family would be able to accomplish 
this labour, so that it would cost them nothing, and would 
in fact leave nothing but the cost of lime and seed to 
pay for. The outside rent of the moorland unimproved is, 
say 5s. the Irish acre ; and the tenants agreed that they 
could barely get this value out of it for rough grazing. 
I will now show what they agreed it would cost to improve 
it, and what the produce would be, according to the 
general crops. First year.—Draining, trenching, and 
bringing in the land, and sowing it de Potatoes :— 
Paring and burning, 30 men or days, at £1 5 0 
Digging and spreading ashes, 24 ditio, m TM 100 
Seed, 180 stone, at 21d. pe . m 113 9 
Cutting and sticking, i weis at6d. e 57530 
Trenching, &c., 18 men, at 10d. m b 015 0 
Digging the Potatoes, 36 men, at iod. -. ate 110 0 
Picking ditto, 6 women, a: 6a. . E ^ 03 0 
Lime, 1o barrels, atl0d. .. E E ^ 118.4 
Drains, 160 perches, at 6d. "A "E Ns 400 
Ist year— Total expense of improving and cultivating 12 7 1 
Produce of Ist year: 
12 barrels (of 96 stone) of Potatoes, at 18s. .. ..1016 0 
Loss first year An I. D ~~ s wc PEF Hs 
Most of the labour 
the tenant ic do himself, as much of his time is 
unoccupied, and then the eps would only þe for 
, leaving him a profit on 
his first year's crop, to pay "him for his labour, of 
71. As. lld. 
2d year. Mee sate: 
Re-digging, 12men, at 10d; per ve. . 
Seed, 160 stone, at 21d. per das 
Cutting, & 
Digging, 40 men, at 10d. per m jt 
Picking, 8 women, at 6d. per dni oe 
2 weedings, 8 women, at 6d. Der woman : 
Total expense m os 2:60-8. 9 
Produce of 2d year— ji 
18 barrels of Potatoes, at 18s. per barrel m ys kB 405 [0 
Profit2d year .. 0 
3d year. Sowing with Nea 
Seed, 12 stone, at 9a. per stone .. e 0 
Trenchin; , 12 men, at 10d. per man ¥ & 0 
Cutting, 12 men, at 107. per man S ie 0 
Binding, 6 aamen at êd. per woman .. =) 0 
Stacking, &e., 4 men, at 10d. per man ; vi 4 
Threshing, 8 men, at 10d, per ma: 8 
Cleansing, &c. m oe os iu 0 
Total expense m m . 2 
Produce of 3d year— v Ks 
120 stone of ots at Td. ag Pec ve a +» 310 0 
Straw . I T .. +. 210 0 
6 0 0 
Deduct expense - oo 2 4*0 
pedi of 3d. year Hs ^ 316 0 
Oat: 
E tra expense over 3a5 year veg diggings Pici: 
or Clover and Grass 
Totalexpense v E 
Produce of 4th year— 
144 stones of Dats, at SE perstone 
Straw 
Deduct expense .. 
Profit of 4th year 
EXPENSE. 
First year . 
Total 
Pro: a 
First year » iom " 
Second year ^ 
Third yea; Dorv. 
Tourhreme 2, 3" 
Total 
P is gain for four year: 1610 
41, 28. T]d. average profit Por Acre each year. 
, together with the produce which, accord- | which is here a very high rent for such land, in fact, 
ing to their “estimation, would be yielded, charging for | not dies then the result would be— 
First ye nt E m m e £0 5 
three following years PE 308. 410 
ounty-cess, poor-rates, and tithe renta “charge, 
“mated at 4s. per year 0 16 
511 
The aecount will pice stand— 
Total profit for four yea Pe TETE 
Deduct landlord’s ine: deh A ‘vent and charges ` oe. S11 
Leaving clear profit to tenant in four years .. .. £10 19 
Or 27. 14s. 10$d, each year per improved acre, besides 
paying him "m. his labour, and this under the most un- 
favourable circumstances that the tenant ean suppose— 
namely, that the landlord will put upon him an ex- 
orbitant rent as soon as he has improved. With 
proper cultivation and rotation of crops a much 
greater profit than this might be obtained.— Times 
Commissioner. 
rrespondenis, 
th addition to the 
ces to Co; 
BEANS—A Sufferer—See p. 110. 
mentioned, Winter 
pearance may be sown about October. 
barrow used in many parts for sowing after the plough. 
Booxs—B W, Wells—Ridgway, Piccadi 
Hors—Landed Proprietor—We will endeavour to supply the 
deficienc: 
ITALIAN Rye Grass— Young Farmer—We shall sow as soon as 
the Wheat stubbles are cleared and scarified. 
LUCERNE—. tis imposerble to say without seeing it what 
itis worth, and then it would be necessary to ascertain how 
such a crop sells with y: You must inquire of some farmer 
in your neighbourhood ; P that i is what we must have done to 
have assiste! 
PoTATOES—A Yo ae Farmer—The best way of storing Potatoes 
is to ridge them in dry earth, so that oo shall not be ex- 
posed to air, and at the same red against wet. 
It is certa; inly better to keep them eed thus in solid 
ve Me nto a auch to be trodden dés, and 
the cattlehave had E mecs to eat if they would, and were 
not injured ; but they did not eat much.—The autumn sown 
ot (Oe HD dr otherwise; but the corn crop is 
from Grass, and thus harvested more safely, 
Prorrrs or Fanmina—7 M Yand WK Cowley—Y our letters re- 
quiring consideration, the answer is deferred for a week. 
Snrrr—Henry—The returns (not profits) on sheep depend on 
what you give them. Those to which you allude gi 
i g 
r are not oe all 
times needed on the Grass farm, but they RE at harve: 
Sr. Joun’s gar Rys-T C M—Messrs. Gibbs, Haitmoonn usu 
Piecadilly, London 
| asso cu AU Farmer—Y ou must inquire in districts where 
it is grown, for the Winter Tare. You may manure your 
Oat stubble with common farm manure ; plough it in am 
gow iuiBeptimbler nearly tnwoteber thet ares, 
otherwise, atthe rate of 4 bi 
feed, ou may fee them off in Mex E. opi in time, as we 
consider it, 
TURNIP-SEED—Alkali asks, Whatis an atre crop of Swedish 
or Yellow Turnip-seed? We nezer grow them, Transplant 
into light land, not over rich, change that is beneficial, 
is change of climate, not of soil, AEA the north is gene- 
rally to be preferred. 
EEDS— Tizy—The Moon- flower, like any other weed, will 
yield to perseverance in pulling the plant up any time ‘when 
the ground is moist before the seed is formed.—— € W- 
Loin temulentum (Darnel). 
Yovice—The Red Wheat Spee the common 
old Red Lammas : we do not know the other.——4? 6 T has 
ent us some ears of Wheat, grown in Wales, 600 feet above 
the sea, and he says he considers them fine enough to satisfy 
x correspondent “ Homo.” We do so too, 
eels will search and inform you next week, 
ey Seah page 522, ihe A eMe in lines 42, 41 we. 
from the boim should "be 
Tee 
SMITHFIELD, MONDAY, Aug. 1 
Boot Seote, Herefords, es 31010460 
Best Short Hor 86 88 
Second ualiey Bees. 870 4 
40 46 
Bort emet Halfbred: '— 
tto (shorn) Pies 
pem 3408; Sheep and LAGE UND 
—Per d of 81bs, 
Best Long-woo - 
ir price, but second- 
* quite so plentiful, and there is mon 
Everything is cheerfully disposed of at onr quota- 
8 w instances they have been exceeded. Lamb tra 
ll Calves are rather more in demand — Pork trado ca anua too y. 
14. 
The supply of Beasts is shorter. and. the weather being very favourable for 
slaughtering, trade is Considerably botter. The best Sto oe, ho, Cum aking 
d, and Short-horns 858d t The supply of 
Sheep isalso short, and ready sale ar tones 2p 
quotations. — Lamb trade de mi 2 heavy, the demas 
emain the same as on Mon, 
owing to ‘he cold won her 
^, 808; Sheep and Lambs, 12,400; Calves, gu 
Pigs, 350, 
s Went Smithfield. 
HAY .—Per Load of 36 Tea 
(THFIELD, 13. 
Prime Méad.Hay 751 to a Hay. bbe —sto — 
Aaka owani moe Oir. crete UNDIA evo cm 
Jonn Coran, Salesman. 
CUMBERLAND MARKET, ug. 13. 
devut Mead. ss 80s to oi Old Clover 105s to 1128 
Inferior 55 Inferi lordas 90 [Straw 33:086» 
w Hay Clove: = 
0sHUA Baxxr, Hay Salesman. 
Warrncnaren, Andi. un 
Fine OldiHay - — 70sto 80s O14 Clover AL 
Taferie Breq prawo 288) tolBes 
$0 — molNew Cv. di m 
COVENT GARDEN, AucusT "9 — The. supply of Vege- 
gabian is still somewhat limited; and Fruit in general is 
ot plentiful, although there is sufficient for the demand. 
Pine-apples, of English growth, are very abundant, and there 
want of Foreign ones of tolerably good quality. Goo 
Black Hamburgh and other Grapes may be obtained at 
| moderate prices; and a few Portugals Jue made their 
appearance in the market, Peaches and Nectarines are 
abundant. cots are small in size. Plums, both English 
and Po are abundant, Cherries are ru iA a a sea- 
son, except los, which fetch from 1s, t . per Ib. 
Dutch Currants are plentiful ; and pou and ears à are lower 
price and more abundant, Apples chiefly consist] of 
[Basti endebg) Kerry YE and Ribston; the 
latter are, howeyer, hardly ripe. The supply of 
considering the season, is good; and Nu a 
s the demand, erts Eom very plen: 
lheaper. English Yr may be ufum at from 3s, to 6s, 
es and some good foreign ones are also in the market, 
Vegetables, Cabbages, On owens, &c., are good, but the latter 
hardly sufficient for the demand, Carrots and Turnips have 
altered but little in price since last week. are rather 
scarce, and good young samples fetch high prices, chem 
nearly the same as Celery is quality. 
D. are nearly all affected by the’ prevailing eee of 
last season ; so much so, that some are quite unsaleable. Let- 
race fe other Salading are good and plentiful. Cut Flowers 
ly consist Jasmines, Calceolarias, Pinks, 
QUE IO Pelargoniums, Tuberoses, Gardenias, Moss and 
other Roses. 
FRUITS, 
Lemons, per dozen, ls to3s 
per 100, 7s to 167 
Currants, red, porhf sv. pto 
fing Apple goribw Beto be 
Grapes, Hothouse, per Ib. 8s to da 
— Portugal, per lb., 1s to 1a 0d 
Apples, Desa, » per bush., ôs to whhe, do. tte p 
— Kitchen, 8s to 6s Raspberries, per potile 
deve, 4a to 10s Cherries, Morello, per Thy te o 26 6d 
Almonds, 
'r dozen, 2s to 2s 6d — Spanish, 14s 
Walnuts, per bushel, 5s: o 6s 
'EGETABLES. 
arlic, perlb., 8 
vette, Cos, a acore to 2: 6d 
iet, 91 sep ined 
Me 
Gabbages, per doz., Gd to 1r fd. 
Cauliflowers, per 
rtichokes, per doz., 
French Beans, per hes 2 pie (61034 | En 
Peas, por sieve, 3» 6d. 
Sorrel, perhf.- žieve, 9d 2 1s 
Potatoos, per ewe, bot 
bush hel, 2 6d to 6s 
Kidney, per ‘bushel, yas to 6r 
unipe per bunch, 4 [^ 
d Best, por doz 
Rai peso uat sofa 
Gicumbers, each, 4d to ls 
dos tdeo 1e 6d 
ni - bunches, 23 tobe 
Shallots, per 1b., 6d € 
The supply ot duin Wheat from. Essex, xe ent, and Suffolk, 
was again small this m 
new crop; the who 
money as on ia 
jeans, 
P eas, was too small n allow of any alteration ebur quoted in 
their value,— 
H, PER IMPERIAL QUARTER, | 8, 8. $$ 
Wheat, Eerex, Kent, and. Suffolk White 48 50 Red . 44 48 
— ‘Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire 40 46 White 40 50 
Barley, ita ene distilling 28s to80s Chevalier 30 33 Grind. 25 39 
Oats, Lincolnsh and Yorkshire .  . Polands 25 98 ‘ead 24 
Shumbetland nx Scotch . . Feed 93 96 Potato 27 80 
— + Feed 20 94 Potato 24 97 
a e quld cipue cr 
ertford and hu renes. quet e 
E . 80 32 
Beans, Nia agan, old and new. 82 10 86 — Tick 24 36 Harrow 36. 93 
Pigoony | heligi oland . 38to42 Winds — — imma = 
Pana, White + 88 to 42 na 38 36 gy 5 
doen Aug. 1 
On Wednesday there was an active FORE for free Foreign 
Wheat, and sales t were Pis Eog with at the 
norm on the same eriat, 
Men per qr. business is restricted, The inquiry qui bordel d to 
ort to France and Belgium duces us our late quotations, 
watch in some cases are exceeded.— Beans, and Peas, 
are unaltered in value,—The Oat aden x du and prices must 
be noted 6d, to 1s. per qr. higher. 
IMPERIAL AVERAGES. 
(When Baier Ota. | Rye. ) Beano.) Bese, 
July 4 per Quarter, 5304 981 8d| Bà: 3d| 38s 5d| 85r b 
EM a C 7 7| s 5| adu | s711 | a5 3 
"IR T] +} 820 2710| 95 o| 36 5| 88 4| 36 5 
— ee | 4911 | 97 9| 28 5| 29 9| as 9| 3610 
Aug. .1 . . ., 4 5| í611 | sa 5| 98 2| 30 8 | 857! 
Lud 8 . DO lis Le 6 9 $94 0 29 8j 89 8 85 
S weeks Aggreg.Aver.| 49 0| 97 4| 93 8| s110| a8 9| 8510 
Duties on Foreign Grain 8 ol 4 0| 1 6| 4 0| 4 0| 42 
Diagram showing tho Auctuations In the price of Corn on the average of th? 
nding Saturi August 8. 
“Paton, | Jury 4 T Vue n | Jone D 1 Jum 35) Auai 
5283104 m 
~ 9 r4 
— 8 . 
m: R E 
— 0 e) 
51 5 . 
auis tup d 
50 10, . 
49 11 
47 5 
45 3 
SEEDS, Aug. 14, 
Om Meca perar sisto LI B te seno D 
Carawi per ewt 40 Mn Maie poer 
Clover, Kea, English - = 
ab i ea Bro at 
- White, Ew - dope =| Rapeseed, [e E i 
Corlander . . di P 
Hemproed - porge $5 iner “winter » bu 
Tinseed e. . "ye qr 45. 48|  — For 
TS oi antl 4 NIU un oration 
— Cakes Ens.perctónp yo: V Hemp tero vido n eee BAT. 
