E ————————— AEQ 
36—1846.] 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 597 
to the right show the amount of water and of protein 
which may be considered superfluous, as they are not 
employed in respirati m perfi ] 
and starch are not noticed. The three lowest lines are 
intended to carry on the inquiry to raw meat, flesh, and 
starch ; which, of course, admit of no superfluity of 
protein in either case. 
If I now go through (before you) the calculations by 
which only one or two of the results in this Table have 
been obtained, you will readily understand how easy it 
is to make these sort of speculations, whenever we have 
been furnished by chemists with good analyses of the 
different kinds of food to which we may wish to apply 
them, provided we are also acquainted with the for- 
mulæ rep ing the el y position of the 
Proximate ingredients (such as starch, sugar, gum, 
gluten, &c.) of which the food is stated to consist. Let 
us, then, examine the first line in Table B, which shows 
us the quantity of commissioners’ Potato required for 
Supplying 5 oz. (and three times 5 oz.) of carbon for 
Purposes of respiration alone ; on the supposition that 
the whole of the three solid ingredients (membrane, 
Starch, and gluten) are capable of being digested. Re- 
ferring to the first Table A, we see that 100 parts of 
Otato contain 11.6 parts of carbon: which is the 
Whole of this element that enters into the composition 
Of these three solid ingredients, We have, therefore, the 
following proportions, considering the parts to be 
unces : 
92.0. oz.c. oz. P. oz.P. lbs. oz. 
11.6 : 5.0::100 : 43.1 (i.e, 2 8 nearly) of Potato re- 
Quired to furnish 5 oz. of carbon from x. s. e. together. 
Three times this quantity will, of course, be required 
for the sapply of 15 oz. of carbon. Again, referring to 
e last line of Table B, and considering that 24 parts 
of starch (according to Table A) furnish 10.6 parts of 
Carbon (since it is evident that the membrane and 
Starch together furnish the same as a like amount of 
Starch alone), we have— 
Oz. c. oz. OZ. S 
10.6 
Kn :: 24,0 : 11 oz. (nearly) starch for furnishing the 
required of carbon. 
These illustrations, for we can hardly call them spe- 
culations, are not brought before you for the sake of 
any direct practical applications they might afford ; I 
name them as an exercise for directing your judgment 
how to test the accuracy of such speculations whenever 
they are offered by others. 
_ I will venture to carry them one step further, at the 
Yisk of tiring out your patience. The next Table, C, 
Shows you the quantities of food necessary for furnish- 
ing adequate supplies, both of carbon for respiration, 
and of protein for nutrition, upon a fresh supposition, 
Yiz., that a particular individual requires 8 oz. carbon 
daily for satisfying the demands of the former function, 
and also 5 oz. of protein for the latter. I find this to 
He the estimate assumed in Prof, Johnston’s * Elements 
F C emistry," though it seems to me probable that 
92. protein is hat high in ion with 8 oz. 
of carbon. 
Rept TABLE 0. 
Superfluous. 
Carbon Protein 
for 8 oz. 5 oz. Water. €. [U | Euj N 
1b. oz. lb. oz. 
2-14 Bread... .4 0 117| 58 |147 (1.8) * 
15 10 Potato .. ,.] Il 9 18.5 | 29.5 |3.5 | * 
Ti Meat . ..| 8 8 5 3.3 |1.3|2.9 
1 12 Bread .. } 0 id vi 8.9 Tola es 
EIONOSCS - Ment s 2 EP * s tit 
(To be continued.) 
Home Correspondence. 
Grafting Roses.—There has been a war of words this 
Summer in your columns about the budding of Roses. 
Ibudded some for the first time in my life last sum- 
ther, and this spring (end of March and beginning of 
April) I grafted some. Of the budded ones about half 
the number grew, but none have flowered. Of those 
Brafted this spring, the whole, except what were broken 
Off, have flowered. One of the grafts (a Ruga on a 
Boursault stock) has had 15 flowers. I have no expe- 
rience in these matters, but I think, if this is wonderful 
good luck, it beats budding hollow.—An Old Subscriber. 
The Season.—1 have a large Ruga Rose coming for 
the second time into bloom, in another week it will, I 
expect, have upwards of a hundred flowers on it. 
Another small standard Rose the same. A Laburnum 
ditto. My Pear trees have almost all blossomed twice. 
The first time they set no fruit at all ; the second time 
a few here and there on the young wood, some of which 
are ripening ; and one tree is at this moment for the 
third time in blossom. The Apples—a miserable crop 
all have the rot, like the Potatoes, Peas and Kidney 
Beans ditto, and Turnips beginning.—dAn Old Sub- 
Soriber, 
The Hamiltonian System of Pine-growing—At page 
579 Mr. Errington tells us that Mr. Hamilton has got 
2 Montserrat which has been planted out for several 
Years, and has produced four fruit in less than twelve 
Months, This is rather a startling announcement to 
any one inted with the Hamiltonian system, and 
also likely to make gentlemen dissatisfied with their 
gardeners, who may not be able to produce in a general 
Way more than one fruit from a plant in 18 months or 
pu years; for my own part I cannot think it possible 
for a Pine plant to produce more than one fruit during 
its whole lifetime, unless we admit the Hamiltonian 
Way of reckoning, which appears to be this, that after a 
ine has produced its fruit, all the suckers or young 
Plants which the old stool may produce, be they few or 
many it matters not, for so long as they remain attached | plants from a foot to 18 inches in height. A few 
to the old root they will still be considered the original | which did not take I have grafted again to try how 
plant, and it does not seem to alter the case if the | autumnal grafting will succeed, I did not tongue the 
suckers are earthed up and allowed to draw nourish- | grafts nor clay them, I merely tied the two cuts firml: 
ment from the soil which surrounds them, but in my | together, and left them to take care of themselves. 
opinion they are each a perfect Pine plant, as truly so | They have done well, but I am best pleased with the 
as if they were in separate re eset J m Mr. | budding system.—J«mes Duncan, Howick, Aug. 28. 
Hamilton had given us the age of each sucker that pro- i t 
duced the furit we should then be better able to | | Effect af. iR of Hak igre S ir PE E 
appreciate his achievement.—W. Stothard, Durdham de y En M AE E h i p R tinm) E Nani ind 
Down Nursery, Bristol, Sept. 2. denu el of its bar , that I think it may prove interest- 
i ing. The following are the facts I have been able to 
Budding Rhododendrons.—For stocks I layered the | collect. About the 7th or 8th of May, 1845, a severe 
lower branches of Rhododendron ponticum last year, | tempest passed over Glanville’s Wootton, between Sher- 
and they rooted beautifully, About six weeks ago | borne and Dorchester, at mid-day, which broke a win- 
I budded a number of them close to the soil, on | dow in the house, and the lightning struck a large pol- 
the two-year old wood, which I find to work best; | lard Ash in an adjoining field, as well as three tall Elms 
and searcely a bud failed. Early in spring I in-|in the hedge close by; these had a portion of bark 
tend to head the stocks down to within an inch | stripped off about the breadth of one's hand in an irre- 
of the bud. By next autumn the plants will be well 
rooted, and may be cut off from the parent stool 
and planted in beds or borders. Last March I 
planted 30 plants of Rhododendron ponticum for graft- 
ing, in a brick pit covered with glass; being kept 
close they were soon excited into growth, when I grafted 
them close to the surface of the soil with choice hybrid 
kinds ; as soon as I imagined the grafts had united to 
the stock, I cut the latter down close to the graft, and 
gular line, a very considerable length of the trunk, the 
fluid making a hole near the base of each trunk in the 
ditch. The Ash pollard, however, was the most severely 
struck, the trunk being deprived of the bark as exhi- 
bited in the sketch by the white portion. The branches, 
which are long and healthy, are clothed with green 
leaves, as thickly as represented, although not so fully 
as upon an adjoining Ash-tree. I suppose the tree 
must die this winter, and my friend never expected to 
by keeping the pit rather close all the summer some of | see a leaf upon it this year, after the bark had been so 
them have made three growths, and are now fine bushy | completely stripped off all round.—J. Curtis, July 25, 
asunder ( ark is loose above; but 
Explanation of Wood-cut.—A pollard Ash struck i 
1846. Girt 8 fest; height possibly 40 feet to the top branches. The bark is perfectly stripped off all round 
the trunk, for the space of 8 feet in length on the N. W. side. z 
at the base little shoots have sprung out (2). There are many 
longitudinal cracks in the wood, caused by the electric fluid passing through the trunk (3). 
by lightning 7th or 8th May, 1845. Full in leaf in July, 
‘and the nearest portions of the bark are 3 ft. 2 ins. 
Vine-Growing.—Having read Mr. Roberts's “Treatise 
on the Vine,” I perceive that he attributes much of his 
success in the production of superior fruit to the main- 
tenance of a moist heat at the root. Now, I beg to ask 
him whether, in order to accomplish this end, it be 
necessary to supply liquid manure to the Vine roots, on 
an outside border, during the period of the growth of 
the Grapes? I am aware that many recommend liquid 
manure and pure water at intervening periods to the 
roots of Vines during their growth, especially when the 
Grapes are taking their second or last swelling, and I 
am anxious to know whether Mr. R. is of the number— 
(he recommends the practice to borders within the 
house, but makes no mention of it to outside borders). 
If he approves of the thing being done, will he Ap 
rienced by any one, must arise from ignorance of the 
very simple treatment which the plant requires. Two 
ears ago I raised several plants from seed, and I re- 
tained two of the most promising of these seedlings for 
cultivation in the stove. Towards the close of last 
autumn, observing that they were looking sickly, I 
plunged one of them in a Pine-pit, leaving the other to 
its fate, which quickly destroyed it. The plant to which 
I had given the benefit of a brisk bottom-heat in the 
Pine-pit, rapidly assumed the appearance of health and 
vigour, and, after a month, put forth a few blossoms. 
It grew considerably in the spring of this year, and 
afterwards displayed at the extremity of all its branches 
spikes of splendid golden variegated flowers. It con- 
tinued in blossom for several weeks, and was an ob- 
inform me how to apply it, as he t 
borders to be covered 23 feet deep with fermenting 
material à— Subscriber, Manchester. 
Poinciana pulcherrima, &c.—1 have always under- 
stood that it was very difficult in this country to induce 
this to blossom. The difficulty, if it has been expe- 
e | ject of 
tion to every one who saw it. It is now 
in blossom a second time this year, At the termination 
of most of its branches it has thrown up several spikes 
of its singularly elegant and ornamental blossoms ; on 
some of these stems there cannot be less than 40 or 50 
flowers, and a more beautiful spectacle than the plan 
