| 
37—1846.] à 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
617 
SEED WHEAT. 
RED STRAW WHITE WHEAT, AND HOPE- 
TOUN WHITE WHEAT — Varieties whose excellence 
has been tested and acknowledged by very many farmers both 
in England and Scotland,—for Sale at ^ 
WHITFIELD FARM, WOTTON-UNDER-EDGE, 
$ GLOUCESTERSHIRE, 
Price 60s per quarter ; sacks 2s. each, Orders must be accom- 
panied by a remittance or a reference. JOHN MORTON. 
CHEAP AND DURABLE ROOFING. 
v wm 
BY HER Sd ROYAL LETTERS 
T] 
MAJESTY'S Qu PATENT. 
oe e Qro? 
E MNEILL & CO., of Lamb’s Buildings, Bunhill- 
* row, London, the Manufacturers and only Patentees of 
THE ASPHALTED FELT FOR ROOFING 
Houses, Farm Buildings, Shedding, Workshops, 
Garden purposes, to protect plants from Frost. 
At the Great National Agricultural Shows, it is this Felt 
which has been exhibited and obtained the Prize, andis the 
Felt patronised by 
H 
and for 
sty’s Woops AND FORESTS, 
` HowounABLE BOARD OF ORDNANCE, 
HONOURABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY, 
HoNounABLE COMMISSIONERS OF CUSTOMS, 
HEr MAJESTY’S ESTATE, ISLE or WIGHT, 
Roya BOTANIC GARDENS, REGENT?'S PARK, 
And on the Estates of the Dukes of Sutherland, Norfolk, Rut- 
land, Newcastle, Northumberland, Buccleugh (at Richmond), 
the late Darl Spencer, and most of the Nobility and Gentry ; 
and at the Royal Agricultural Society's House, Hanover Square. 
It is half the price of any other description of Roofing, and 
effects a great saving of Timber in the construction of Roofs. 
Made to any length by 32 inches wide, 
Penny PER SQUARE Foor, . 
*.* Samples, with Directions for its Use, and Testimonials, 
of seven years’ experience, with references to Noblemen, Gen- 
tlemen, Architects, and Builders, sent free to any part of the 
town or country, and orders by post executed. 
The Public is respectfully cautioned that the only Works 
in Great Britain where the above Roofing is made, are 
F. M‘NETLL anp CO.'S 
Lamb’s-buildings, Bunhill-row, Lon- 
Patent Felt Manufactory, 
don, where Roofs covered with the Felt may be seen, o 
the new Vice-Chancellor's Court, and the Passages and Offices 
at the entrance to Westminster Hall, and other buildings at the 
New Houses of Parliament, done under the Surveyorship of 
Charles Barry, Esq., R. A. 
Yote. Consumer's sending direct to the Factory can be sug 
plied in lengths best suited to their Roofs, so that they pay fo: 
no more than they requi i pera aE 
E YDRAULIC RAMS (upon an improved principle) 
for raising Water, where 
a Fall can be obtained, to the 
height of 300 feet. The same 
Ram without the aid of a Tank 
r 
tain with the head of water be- 
Also Engines for Deep Wells, 
Worked by steam, horse, or manual power; Douch Baths, de, 
Buildings heated with hot water. 
Address, Freeman Rox, 70, Strand, London. 
mates given for the supply of Towns, &c. 
A newly invented PORTABLE VAPOUR BATH, all com- 
plete for $Z, 105. 
PERUVIAN AND BOLIVIAN GUANO ON 
Ww 
And by their Agents, 
GIBBS, BRIGHT, AND CO., LIVERPOOL and BRISTOL; 
COTSWORTH, POWELL, AND PRYOR, LONDON. 
To protect themselves against the injurious consequences of 
inferior and spurious guano, are recom- 
mended to apply only to Dealers ofestablished character, or to 
the above-named Importers, who will supply the article in any 
quantity, at their fixed prices, delivering it from the Import 
Warehouses, 
aij 
The Agricultural Gaszeti 
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1846. 
MEETINGS FOR TH T OLLOWING WEEKS, 
) 
T'nunspAY, Bept. 17—Agriew!tural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 
LOCAL SOCIETIES. 
Ponvith—_N. 
Confold -L1 ? 
B. Berke- Dalkeith-— Nithedal 
‘Wells (irelend Northampton G 
FARMERS’ CLUBS, 
Sept, 1(—Darlington Sept, 24—Ottery 3t, Mary 
= 15—Bromegrove—Plymeton St.| — 2.—Rhins of Galloway 
ry 
St. Ewart - Royal 
zing. 
AGRICULTURE is at length beginning to assert its 
true position in the commercial history of the civil- 
ised world. The newspapers of the last fortnight 
have furnished an array of reports and incidents in 
relation to the corn-trade of Europe, unconnected 
with each other in fact, but uniting in inference. 
This is the best of evidence. No commentary is 
80 good as that which one fact makes upon another, 
Ifit do not save the trouble of thought, it at least 
abridges the toil of demonstration. Like the cele- 
specimen of the orderings of human providence, re- 
main so for at least a month longer. No matter 
though France be ina state of commotion and riot 
from present scarcity and apprehended famine ; 
though Belgium be present at Mark-lane bidding | 
top prices for corn bonded originally for British 
consumption: no matter though the Potato mur- 
rain has ravaged all England and Ireland, and the 
report of a general deficiency in the yield of arti- 
cles of food reaches us from all quarters of the 
continent of Europe, like a living body tied to a 
dead carcase, so are we tied to the average 
of the last six weeks— with the evidence of 
the present and the foresight of the future 
glaring around us, we must gnaw in vain the 
tether which clogs and binds down Perception and 
Foresight, man’s distinguishing attributes, to the 
by-gone almanac of past ‘prices, and display to the 
eyes of the world the suicidal spectacle of a country 
with half its food destroyed by a blight, levying the 
highest amount of duty upon foreign importation, 
and exporting its own produce to aid the necessities 
of the foreigner still more pressing than our own. 
An unusually early harvest, and the concentrated 
effusion of a year’s garnering of foreign stores 
released from bond almost in a single day had caused 
a momentary and delusive flush in the market ; 
down went the prices all over«the kingdom, like the 
mercury in a shaken barometer. . This was natural 
enough ; under such a combination of causes, the 
one financial, the other physical, the only wonder 
was that the temporary depression was not greater. 
But Commerce has a quick eye; leave it alone, 
give it room to act, and it will soon recover from an 
error, however unavoidable or great; a few days, 
nay afew hours will sufice to place the market 
au courant du jour ; a single fine day will have its 
due influence uponthe sensitive pulses of Mark-lane. 
What then must be the effect of a clog upon its 
keen prescience, which drags it back with the weight 
of six weeks of past ignorance! In vain come the 
mercantile despatches from Hamburgh, Dantzic, 
Stettin, and Konigsburg ; in vain come the pro- 
vincial papers with their one-voiced elegiac over 
the Potato prospects; they may quicken the pulse 
of the Present, they may electrify the always over- 
strung nerves of the Future, but they cannot re- 
animate the dead bones of the past; yet there it 
lies, the sıx WEEKS’ AVERAGE stifling with its dead 
weight, like an incubus, the heaving breath of com- 
mercial activity and foresight, and shutting the 
locks of the bonded warehouses of England not 
against the French, not against the Belgians, not 
against any ‘foreigner’ but only against the English- 
man! by a high-pitched duty—Why? Because 
corn was cheap and prospects looked different ; 
when? A month or six weeks ago ! 
We would entreat any one whose mind is imbued 
with a liberal and unbiassed wish for the true inte- 
rests of the British agriculturist, to afford a few 
minutes of careful and sincere attention to the 
weekly-published diagram of average prices and 
duties above referred to; and mark well the opera- 
tion which it exhibits, in the collection ofthat aver- 
age during the past six weeks which regulates the 
duty at present levied. A more instructive 
moment could hardly be selected to judge 
retrospectively what must always have heen 
the influence of such a system upon the 
corn-trade, and.the consumer directly, and upon 
the producer indirectly—and what is now of far 
more importance, to judge prospectively how much 
healthier and firmer will be the footiug upon which 
the agriculture of the country will stand when it is 
no longer tampered with by an artificial interference 
which contradicts one of the most important of 
commercial principles, and obstructs the most valu- 
able of commercial operations, namely, the 
regulation of demand and supply by the eser- 
cise of foresight. If corn be cheap—but there 
are appearances in the horizon of the future 
that indicate the likelihood. of its becoming 
dearer—the importer, the dealer, the miller, 
increase their stocks : if corn be dear—but there are 
brated vase whose fragments were discovered an 
exhumed a thousand miles apart, it is only necessary 
to “pick up the bits and put them together,” and 
the wmorE with all its beauty and harmony of pro- 
portion, is at once developed, displaying the most 
Compendious of arguments, that which addresses the 
eye of every beholder, willing or reluctant. To the 
latter class our words seem mysterious. We pro- 
ceed to explain them. 
hoever has taken the weekly trouble of consult- 
ing the little enigmatical looking diagram which fur- 
nishes a tabular display of the practical operation of 
the mode in which the duties upon foreign corn are 
levied, will have perceived that upon the last six 
weeks? average the duty is now standing at the 
highest point. The “remnant of protection” is at 
tts utmost; and must in obedience to this perfect 
fi i the market is eased 
further and further from the true 
landscape of the future is most visible, namely the 
Present. What have we to do now with the price 
of corn six weeks ago, when the Potato disease 
had not developed its frightful universality? What 
is there in an average drawn from a period the 
three first weeks of which present declining prices, 
that can do anything but confound the judgment 
and thwart the wholesome prescience of un. 
fettered commerce? What would be thought 
of a holder of Spanish or Mexican securities 
who should conduct his operations in the share- 
market, by a caleulation drawn from periods pre- 
ceding the war with the United States in the latter 
case, or the betrothal of the Queen in the former ? 
Yet this is the principle upon which, for thirty 
years past, we have attempted to regulate our 
operations in the corn-market of the world; by 
making our national purchases upon a calculation 
formed six weeks behind the point of view from 
whence the future is most cognizable. And here 
is the proof of our elaborate ingenuity of self- 
delusion, in the fact that at the present moment, 
with the system mitigated as it is, we are imposing 
a prohibition of 10s. a quarter, because the bio- 
graphy of six weeks gone and past will have it so, 
at a moment when far-sighted commerce would 
have been laying up full stores with a provident 
eye for the thirteen months’ scramble for food 
which the present state of the granary of Europe 
seems to threaten. For four weeks longer 
must this absurdity continue; until the lagging 
weeks of the past shall have died off gra- 
dually from the Corn-law diagram, and our 
bonded warehouses have emptied ‘themselves 
meantime into the markets of Belgium, Hol- 
land, and France. It is true the present case is an 
extreme one; but it is by extreme cases that prin- 
ciples are tested and evils rendered more glaring, 
whose silent operation has escaped notice in more 
ordinary seasons. 
Can it be believed that the British agriculturist has 
ever derived benefit from a system which has virtually 
shut him out from the market of the world; which 
has “kept the word of promise to the ear, but broke 
it to the sense,” inflicting upon him those sudden 
expansions and contractions of price always inci- 
dental to a limited area of demand and supply, and 
of which the only true antidote is to be found in the 
free operations of commerce, and the most un- 
limited area which the globe can furnish, with all 
its providential and blessed variety of soil, season, 
and climate. 
We have spoken of the past; but it is with an 
eye of hope, of well founded hope, we most de- 
voutly believe, to the future. Let the British 
farmer only see how he really stands in relation to 
the agriculture of any other country in the world, 
and the sight which he has beeu taught to shrink 
hitherto from beholding, will fill him with eneourage- 
ment and confidence. He will see that the market 
or the world is the best market ın the world, and 
that all the legislative enactments that Parliament 
can make, can never give him so firm a position or 
so safe a prospect as when the prices at Mark-lane, 
as at thé present moment, cannot be under-quoted 
at any port in Europe. This fact which now 
startles him with its novelty, and which he hardly 
knows how to receive or credit, is followed by the 
report of cargoes of Lincolnshire-grown corn being 
exported to France. These announcements are 
the best Corn-law that ever was passed for the 
* Protection " of the British farmer. It is true that 
acombination of causes extraordinary as well as 
ordinary have tended together to the production of 
these results; but it will be strange, indeed, if they 
do not prove to be the commencement of an era in 
which British agriculture shall know its own dignity 
and assert its independent place in the comi 
of nations, — C. W. H. 
* By an improved agriculture the farmer may 
withstand, uninjured, a fall of Js. per bushel in the 
price of Wheat.” Or, which is the same thing, he 
may thus realise profits, during a stationary market, 
such as he would (without effort) obtain were the 
price of the produce to rise in an equal degree, 
This is the statement which our correspondent * G. 
R. W.” has assailed. He asserts that the skill and 
eapital required to produce and maintain the in- 
creased fertility cannot be had, except at an annual 
cost which equals their annual produce. 
Now, right notions on this subject are of the 
greatest importance. Upon their prevalence de- 
pends the course of : agricultural improvement, and 
to assist in establishing them we shall now lay be- 
fore our readers some references which will enable 
them to form a safe and satisfactory judgment upon 
the subject. 
We shall confine ourselves to the pages of one 
work—* The Journal of the English Agricultural 
Society.” 
See Vol. I., p. 82, where, in Sir James GnAHAM'S 
experience of “ Deanstonising,” it will be found 
that an expenditure of 6/. 15s. per acre yielded an 
annual return of 15s. 6d. ; and p. 38, where E. S. 
LzrrvnE, Esq., states that by subsoiling his land at 
a cost of 30s. per aere, he had obtained an increase 
of 6 tons per acre of Turnips, and 24 bushels per 
acre of Barley. 
See Vol. IL, p. 277, where Mr. F. Burxs, de- 
