40—1846.] 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE, 
659 
E 
* ROSES is now ready for delivery, and will be forwarded 
gratis on application. It contains all the new and approved 
Varieties of the season, as wellas a very large Collection of 
Hybrid Perpetuals, Teas, Chinas, Bourbons, Noisettes, and 
Climbers, grown on their own roots, strong Plants fit for im- 
mediate forcing in pots.—Hertford Nurseries. 
SUPERB NEW SEEDLING CINERARIAS, &c. - 
W JACKSON & Co., NURSERYMEN, beg to inform 
* theirfriends and the publie generally, that they are now 
prepared to send out fine Plants of their unrivalled now SEED- 
LING CINERARIAS, which obtained allthe First Prizes at the 
Darlington Horticultural and Florieultural Society's Show, on 
the 15th May last. Theso very rich varieties are of dwarf and 
t, odueing immense masses of bloom, with 
and well rounded petals of great substance. No. 1, 
deep rich mazarine blue, the flowers of which measure 1j inch 
in diameter. This is a very striking variety," &c, . See 
Gardeners’ Chronicle, 91st ' March last, p. 188, Seedling 
ek 
Flowers, “X 
The collection of the 5 varieties — .. m m 
The collection of 8 of the best of their celebrated 
seedlings of last year 
J.& 
also be; 
pmanii 
l'orenia. 
d., Dipladenia 
Franciscea hydran 
. 6d., Ixora odorata 
T: i 
mis 5j. 5s., Primula 
ge), P. sinensis 
purpurea plena ös. to 
Aureum 7s. 6d. to 10s. 6d. each, strong plants. 
12 Camellias, distinct varieties, 1 to 1} foot, strong 
ushy plants, set with bloom buds — .. —.. 36s. 
12 fine Prize Hollyhocks, with names oe TE 
100 double showy do. without names .. 35s, 
These popular Flowers comprise the most beautiful 
imaginable. They have been much admired during the past 
Summer, and received an extra prize at the Dartington Horti- 
cultural and Floricultural Society’s Show, on the 7th August. 
100 distinct showy Hardy Herbaceous Plants, 
correctly named ee vs oe m 
100 o. in 50 named sorts .. .. 25s, 
Plants presented to compensate for long carriage, and all 
goods delivered free on the Railway. 
remittance or reference from unknown correspondents is 
respectfully solicited, 
A liberal allowance to the Trade. 
Croas-lanes Nursery, Bedale, Yorkshire, Oct. 3. 
— — 
‘The Gardeners’ Chronicle. 
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1846, 
varieties 
5s. 
MEETINGS FOR THE FOLLOWING WEEK. 
Mownay, Oct. 5—Entomological . . . . 8X. 
— 6—Horticultural < . : . 8ra 
Onr of the earliest steps that were taken by this 
Paper was to point out to persons desirous to 
emigrate the advantages of Nrw ZEALAND as a 
Settlement (see Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1840, p. 99). 
Its soil and climate appeared to offer inducements 
which can scarcely be found elsewhere, and justified 
our description of it as a land where emigrants “ had 
most to hope and least to fear.” 
The result of the experiment of colonising New 
Zealand has, however, been declared to be a failure, 
and we have been blamed for advocating its cause. 
€ do not deny that the experiment has been in 
Some respects a failure ; we are far from pretending 
that men’s fortunes have not been put in jeopardy 
or lost there. It is perfectly true that serious dis- 
asters have attended the steps of the settlers; but 
why? Was it because of the soil ? the climate? or 
any of those circumstances of the country on which 
our recommendation was grounded? ` Certainly 
hot. The disasters have been wholly owing to the 
deplorable measures of the Colonial office on the 
one hand, and to the inconceivable wrongheaded- 
ness and incapacity of the Governors whom i 
pointed, 
m be earwigged by men whose advice was the very 
ast that should have been taken ; and the Govern- 
ment acted towards the industrious and enterprising 
Settlers with an insane animosity, which could not 
ave been exceeded had they been rebels instead 
91 good and loyal subjects. 
Tom the very first the malus animus ofthe Go- 
was ifested by the appointment o 
ere designated “ Protectors of the Abori- 
on Eb: high sounding title intended to operate 
but Whi pPurious humanity that is so rife at home, 
Sik jie really signified a functionary invested 
on sees powers of ruining the settlers for the 
See : nobody. Thus when the acts of these 
th ns brought abont.a massacre of British subjects, 
TAG poor victi f 
it is stated 1009 Were the parties blamed, and 
patted on the back by 
by the hand by a 
for years uncontradi 
i un adieted. The first 
aes this extraordinary drama was appropriately 
port 39th July, 1844, Appen 
No, 1 pA Zealand, 29th J uly, 1844, Appendix, 
ROSES. 
FRANCIS’S new and select Edition of| 
it ap- 
Every body in authority allowed himself 
settlers from forming themselves into bodies of 
| volunteers for their own defence; so that after ex- 
| citing a savage population to acts of the most dan- 
gerous hostility, the imbecile government of New 
Zealand in effect commanded the colonists to offer 
themselves peaceably to be slaughtered. 
It is‘useless to continuo such miserable details ; 
they are merely mentioned to show why it. was that 
the experiment of colonising New Zealand wore 
for many years so gloomy an aspect. The wonder 
is that the islands were not absolutely abandoned to 
Governors Hozson and Fitzroy, and their satellites. 
In every country the first elements of prosperity are 
safety for the person and security for property. With- 
out them the finest climate and the richest soil are 
worthless. The Government of New Zealand acted 
upon this proposition reversed. Their argument 
was practically this: Let us render the settlers 
odious to the natives; let us stir up animosity 
between the races ; let us next render the settlers 
defenceless, declare their possessions illegally held, 
and make them understand that their capitalis ex- 
pended for the benefit of the aborigines ; and thus 
shall be formed a great and prosperous colony! 
Nevertheless, in spite of such enormous diffü- 
eulties as were thus thrown in the way of the emi- 
grants, the colonists have contrived to exist, and 
even to thrive, as is proved by the following letter 
addressed to a gentleman at whose recommendation 
the writer went to New Zealand three years ago, 
with a“ wife and four nearly grown up children.” 
* I received your note yesterday, and am very sorry 
that you should have to tell me about not writing to 
you before, but I wished to get comfortably settled 
before I sent you any word, and now I am happy to 
let you know that I am sitting at my own fireside, with 
all my children round me as you told me before I left 
England would be the ease, and in two months will be 
independent of any one, as far as plenty of provision 
goes, for I have got 1} acre of fine Wheat, and about 
the same quantity of Potatoes and vegetables of all 
sorts ; also, about 400 or 500 fruit trees, and all excel- 
lent sorts. I suppose you saw in my letter to the late 
Mr. Loudon, about my succeeding so well in grafting 
and budding fruit trees, especially the Pear upon the 
Whitethorn, which I ean assure you makes most hand- 
some trees, ave a row of Apple trees before my 
own door, about 15 months old, fully 4 feet high, and 
branching cut into splendid heads ; there are also trees 
of my working got Apples on this year. We have had 
a splendid crop of fruit this season, considering the age 
of the trees, over at Messrs. Molesworth and Ludlam’s 
garden, which has been under my care ever since I 
came to the Hutt. I was obliged yesterday to thin out 
the Apples on two or three of the trees, as they were 
hanging a great deal too thick ; they are now about the 
size of hens’-eggs. 
* We have also gota nice little Vinery. I planted 
the Vines 15 months ago, and I never saw anything go 
on so rapidly and make such fine wood in all my life, 
and I have gota few bunches on this year which will 
be exhibited at the horticultural show—the first that 
have ever been grown in the colony : I have got a few 
unches, also, showing out of doors, which I have every 
reason to believe will come to perfection, as we have 
such a fine autumn and winter here. 
“I took six first prizes at the fruit show last year, 
and I expect to take a few more this year. I have got 
some splendid Melons and Cucumbers coming on ; i 
fact, everything looks well, for we have got a beautiful 
soil and a beautiful climate. I have got two plants of 
the Calceolaria, one in flower; the Seeds were sent to 
me by a gentleman from Scotland, and I have no doubt 
of being able to raise a fine variety from them ina 
short time. They are the only ones in the colony. 
“Colonel Wakefield came over to see me the other 
night, and he was quite astonished to see what we had 
got through in 12 months, We have built ourselves a 
house, and cleared and cropped 34 acres of bush; and 
after our Wheat comes in I intend to plant out j an 
aere of orchard. The colonel said he had quite lost 
heart for Wellington, for he saw that it was of no 
use to try and compete with us up the Hutt. 
* I was very much down-hearted when I first arrived 
= 
f| here, for everything was going on very bad at Welling- 
ton ; and, in fact, they are not going on altogether well 
just now, but I believe there is a prospect of a change 
Tor the better, but we do not trouble our heads much 
with the affairs of the colony, for we have got something 
else to oceupy us. Men of industrious sober habits 
have nothing to fear here, for any one may got a living 
that has a mind to work for it. I am happy to tell you 
that my family and myself all enjoy excellent health 
here, and although getting into years I have got through 
work that I do not think I could have done 20 years 
ago. 
en wil write to you again by the next vessel that 
sails, and give you an account of my success in some 
more experiments that I intend trying in gardening, as 
I have not the least doubt of it. 
“I have plenty of beautiful Flax growing a very 
short way off us, which I find very useful in tying in 
trees, and several other things in my way ; that is 
growing in a swamp, but I believe the mountain Flax is 
generally preferred by the natives for dressing. Iknow 
[no difference between the two, as they are exactly alike 
closed by the Lieutenant-Governor restraining the | 
| 
in appearance and flower.— Wm. Trotter, River Hutt 
Port Nicholson, Jan. 2, 1846.” 
Such being the fate of an intelligent industrious 
gardener, notwithstanding the past state of the New 
Zealand colony, everything is to be hoped for now 
that a traly British Governor is in authority there, 
whose firm and enlightened acts are a guarantee for 
the restoration of prosperity, Captain Grey i 
the man to be bullied by the natives or caj 
the land-jobbers of Auckland. He has already 
shown the former that he knows how to make the 
name of England respected, as well as feared ; that 
ifhe feels bound to guard the natives he will also 
maintain the just rights of the colonists; that he 
wants no “ Protectors of Aborigines” to teach him 
his duty ; and that he has the spirit and intelligence 
to judge and act for himself in the Herculean task 
of snatching a great colony from the jaws of de- 
struction. 
It will still be found that the picture we so long 
since drew of New Zealand was in no degree over- 
charged, and that it will eventually become one of 
the brightest gems in the British crown. 
Turre is a very common instrument which plain 
men call a RarN Gace, and pedants a Pluviometer, 
concerning which some of our readers seem much in 
need of informatiou, It is a contrivance that ought 
to find a place in every garden, and does in the 
best. Its object is to indicate the quantity of rain 
that falls during a given period. 
The practical utility of this instrament to culti- 
vators of the soil does not however appear to have 
been sufficiently estimated. Let us then describe 
it for the benefit of those who would possess it, and 
yet are unable to employ a philosophical instrument 
maker, which of course is the best plan for those who 
have the means; but even then they should be aware 
that the person who uses it ought to understand its 
construction perfectly, so that he may detect the 
derangements to which it is liable from frost or 
other causes. 
Figure b represents the usual form of a rain-gage. 
copper funnel], a, which 
has an opening below ofa 
quarter of an inch in 
diameter,is fastened upon 
a cylindrical tube, b. At 
the side of this a glass 
tube, c, is placed, which 
communicates with it be- 
low, and has a graduated 
scale attached. It is evi- 
dent that any water will 
stand in the two tubes at 
the same height, and will 
be measured by the gra- 
duated seale. . Enough 
water is then poured into 
the funnel to rise above 
the brass ring which fastens the glass tube just 
above the cock, and thus is formed the zero point of 
the scale. The diameter of the rim being known, 
and hence the area which it includes, a quantity of 
water that would oceupy the same surface for an 
inch in height must he poured into the funnel, and 
the height at which it stands in the glass tube will 
indicate the height at which an inch of fallen rain 
would stand in the instrument; this must accordingly 
be marked off on the scale. The same quantity of 
water should be added again and again, in order to 
mark off on the scale several inches. As the dia- 
meter of the tube is small compared with that of the 
funnel, the water rises several inches in the tube, 
and by this means many subdivisions of the inch 
may be easily made. When the scale is constructed 
in this way, the size and form of the funnel are of 
little importance, as the relative depth of rain is 
measured and not the actual quantity. This appa- 
ratus rests upon a tripod, which should be fastened 
to the ground, so that the wind may not turn it 
over. The edge of the funnel should be exactly 
horizontal, and its opening should be small, in order 
to prevent evaporation, A good observer will 
measure off the water daily, reducing the quantity 
after each observation to the point marked zero in 
the scale before alluded to. 
But other kinds of Rain-gages have been con- 
trived and answer the purpose sufficiently well. In 
one of the reports by a committee of the Royal 
Society, ofi dbjects of seientifie inquiry, it is stated 
with teference to the Rain-gage that it may be of 
very simple construction. “ A cubical box of strong 
tin or zinc, exactly 10 inches by the side, open 
above, receives at an inch below its edge a funnel 
sloping to a small hole in the centre, On one o! 
the lateral edges of the box, close to the top of the 
cavity, is soldered a short pipe, in which a cork is 
fitted. The whole should be well painted. The 
water which enters this gage is poured through the 
short tube into a eylindrical glass vessel, graduated 
