42—1846. ] 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
697 
NEW INVENTION FOR DIBBLING WHEAT. 
Kegistered in pur- de 2 
suance of the 
Designs’ Copyright ^f Ñ 
i. 
Amendment Acts, 
6 & 7 Vic, c. 65, 
No. 409. 
i» 
DPINGLES HAND DIBBLING | MACHINE, 
‘OR DEPOSITING ALL KINDS OF D. " 
This Machine is confidently recommended by the Proprietors, 
which will at the same moment make the Hole, and deliver the 
exact quantity of Seed, with extreme regularity.” It is simple 
in its construction, and not liable to get out of order. 
THE DIBBLING POINT IS SO CONSTRUCTED THAT 
THE SOIL CANNOT CHOKE IT, 
*,* The cups are of various sizes for discharging 
either Wheat, Mangold Wurzel, Barley, Beans, Peas, 
Vetches, &c. 
Single e se ss ee 
Double .. .. .. +s n108. » 
Testimonials and Circulars, giving descriptions ofits working, 
&c, can be had on application to 
Witrtam E. RENDLE and Co., Merchants. 
(€ THE TRADE SUPPLIED. 
Plymouth, Oct, 17. 
‘pene, AND BOLIVIAN GUANO ON 
SALE, BY THE ONLY IMPORTERS, 
ANTONY GIBBS AND SONS, LONDON ; 
Wm. JOSEPH MYERS anD CO., LIVERPOOL; 
And by their Agents, 
GIBBS, BRIGHT, ann CO., LIVERPOOL and BRISTOL; 
COTSWORTH, POWELL, AND PRYOR, LONDON. 
To protect themselves against the injurious consequences of 
using inferior and spurious guano, purchasers are recom- 
mended to apply only to Dealers ofestablished character, or to 
the above-named Importers, who will supply the article in any 
quantity, at their fixed prices, delivering it from the Import 
Warehouses, 
Price. 40s. each, 
97 10: 
ENGLAND INDEPENDENT OF THE WORLD FOR CORN. 
HE attention of the Agricultural Interest, at, this 
momentous crisis, is requested to the great importance of 
LIQUID MANURE, and the ease with which it may be appro- 
priated by the use of FOWLER’S PUMPS, made expressly for 
the purpose, either portable or fixed ; Garden, Ship, and Barge 
umps; also those for Distillers, Brewers, Soap Boilers, and 
anners, for hot and cold liquor, Pumps kept for hire, for 
Excavations and Wells. Buildings heated by Hot Water, for 
Horticulture, and eyery variety of manufacturing purposes, 
e Trade supplied on advantageous terms, b; ENJAMIN 
Fowzzn, Engineer, &oc., 63, Dorset-street, Fleet-street, London. 
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1846. 
MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 
Tavaspay, Oct. 2i—Agriculsural Imp. of Ireland. 
LOCAL SOCIETIES. 
Trafalgar—Ross— North Staffordshi:e, 
FARMERS’ CLU 
Oct. 1 i € 
— $8—Newton 
Botle 
9—Wingerworth — Ottery 
t: Mary—Bolsover 
— $0—Debenham 
Ir is obviously of importance in any art or profes- 
Sion for those engaged in it to know the principles 
en which their practice is founded. Just consider two 
or three instances :— How could the physician deal 
with the ever-varying symptoms of disease if he 
were unable to regulate his practice in accordance 
with the well-known facts and principles which the 
chemist and the'anatomist have established? Without 
such guides, his treatment of the different cases he 
meets with must be mere guess-work and quackery. 
Or, how could the lawyer attempt the settlement 
of differences or the administration of justice, if (to 
guide him out of the confusion which often sur- 
rounds him), he had no common law to fall back 
upon—no principles of justice which have gra- 
dually.arisen out of past decisions. And then, 
again, look at the case of the chemical manufac- 
turerer, who, out of various substances—salt and 
lime, and oil and sulphur, nitre and charcoal, makes 
soap and soda, sulphuric and muriatie acids, &c. 
He is so convinced of the value to him of an ac- 
quaintance with the principles of his art, that atgreat 
expense he engages the highest scientific ability he 
can procure to superintend his processes and 
devise new ones. And it is unquestionable that in 
the case of the agriculturist also a knowledge of 
the theory of his art is most important. It would 
be of real money value to him to understand the 
mature of his operations—to know why their re- | 
sults are so variable—to learn the conditions under 
which they shall be most productive. They are, as 
everybody knows, carried on under a great variety | 
of circumstances—on a great variety of soils— 
under a great variety of season and climate. How 
important, then, for the farmer to be familiar with 
the principles which amidst all this variety remain 
the same; and which, whatever be the circum- 
stances, and whether he knows it or not, have al- 
ways and in every instance, been the cause of suc- 
cess in practice! 
Now, between the last-mentioned professions— 
those of the chemical manufacturer and .of the 
farmer—there exists very considerable similarity. 
Indeed, almost any definition of the one if ex- 
pressed in sufficiently general terms, will answer 
for the other. Both are among the many arts 
exhibition of a good balance-sheet at the end of the 
year; and ¢hat in further tracing their resemblance 
is an important thing to remember. Both are 
arts in which certain substances by subjection 
to certain’ processes are converted into certain 
other substances: their elements under the in- 
fluences brought to bear upoa them are made to 
rearrange themselves in other combinations, assum- 
ing different forms and more useful properties. In 
the one—to take a few cases—nitre and sulphur 
and the oxygen of the air acting on one another are 
madetto produce sulphuric acid ; common salt and 
sulphuric acid, lime and charcoal, acting on one 
another, are made to produce muriatic acid and 
the soda of our shops; muriatic acid, manganese, 
and lime are together concerned in the manufacture 
of a bleaching powder, and so on. In the other— 
Agricultur lements an 1s, which are 
and his practice various to an inexplicable degree. 
Well! notwithstanding the high advantages and 
great superiority of the circumstances in which the 
former is placed, he finds it to be his interest to 
maiutain a close, and though an expensive, he finds 
it a profitable connection with the science, 7. e. the 
principles of his art ; the latter, notwithstanding his 
need of all possible assistance, has hitherto made 
but little use of anything but the limited obser- 
vations of which his ordinary practice affords the 
field. The farmer, obviously requiring the assistance 
it might afford him, neglects the theory of his art ; 
the manufacturing chemist though apparently 
already perfect, anxiously studies it and endeavours 
to apply it. The one most requiring assistance is, 
for the most part, regardlesss of it though offered 
to him; the other hardly requiring it at all is at 
great pains and expense to obtain it. We think— 
I 
naturally present in the air and in the soil, together 
with other bodies added by the farmer, are, by his 
agency, brought to act upon one another, so that 
certain substances are produced—substances which 
are not the less truly chemical or the results of 
chemical process, because we do not give them 
scientific names— Wheat, for instance, Barley, Oats, 
Grass, Beans, Peas, Turnips, Mangold Wurzel, 
Carrots, &e. And then, again, some of these, both 
grain and green crops, with the assistance of the 
air of the atmosphere, are afterwards concerned in 
the manufacture of beef, mutton, pork, milk, and 
wool; and the processes which result in these pro- 
ducts are not the less truly chemical processes 
because, in order to carry them on, the farmer em- 
ploys certain self-acting machines, his cattle, sheep, 
and pigs. 
We have compared the profession of the chemical 
manufacturer with that of the farmer thus minutely, 
because we do not know any better method of 
illustrating the important connection existing 
between an acquaintance with theory and success 
in practice. The farmer, whether he admits it or 
not, is truly a chemical manufacturer ; he may talk 
of his ploughing, harrowing, sowing, cultivating, 
but the real agent at the bottom of all is the law of 
chemical affinity which regulates the combination of 
the different substances that are, by means of these 
operations, brought to act upon one another, and 
which out of earth, air, and manure, thus produces 
food for man and for beast. 
It is a true resemblance which exists between 
these two professions. The fact of Life being an 
agent in the one case and not in the other—that in 
farming we deal with living plants and animals, not 
with inert matter, does not spoil this resemblance. 
Life in the one case is but as the steam-engine in 
the other—the source of power which fetches and 
carries and lifts and mixes, The laws of chemical 
affinity prevail in the tissues of a living plant or 
animal just as they do in the coppers and retorts of. 
a chemical manufactory. 
The comparison between the two professions is 
therefore just as well as instructive; and now let 
us see if we cannot learn as much from their 
contrast. 
Just consider— 
In the one you have an art, whose processes are 
all conducted with the greatest nicety, away from the 
influence of any disturbing cause—whose materials 
of known composition are weighed with accuracy 
and mixed in right proportions—whose agents are 
applied just in the right degree at the proper time 
and place ; its furnaces may be reduced in inten- 
sity, or heated at will, one seven-times hotter: in 
fact all the details of an apparently perfect practice 
seem to be entirely under control. 
In farming, on the other hand, you have an art 
of all others the most at the mercy of unmanage- 
able elements—one whose processes are exposed 
to wind and weather, to the variable action of storm 
and calm, of rain and sunshine, heat and cold—one 
on the practice of which there exists the most 
extraordinary difference of opinion among its 
professors. : 
Surely ifin the former case, where practice seems 
already perfect, a. knowledge of the theory of the 
art be deemed advisable, it must be doubly so in 
the latter. 
The manufacturing chemist has no need to deter- 
mine for himself which among many methods is“the 
most advisable to follow ; there are but few differ- 
ences of opinion in the body to which he belongs, 
like there are among farmers, as to the practical 
details ofhis art; he does not need scientific assist- 
ance to keep his processes uninjured by disturbing 
causes; he has no difficulty in selecting his mate- 
rials, and determining their composition ; his in- 
struments and machines are constructed to do their 
work with perfect accuracy. 
Contrast all this with the position of the farmer. 
Consider his variable soil—his changeable climate 
whose main object is the acquisition of profit—the 
—his clumsy implements—bhis uncertein materials, 
and our readers will, doubtless, agree with us—that 
this anomaly cannot last much longer ; that as more 
general intelligence prevails, Agriculture will be 
found vieing with our other chemical manufactures 
in^ her efforts to apply the information which 
chemists have collected. 
AGREEMENT BETWEEN A LANDLORD AND 
HIS YEARLY TENANT. 
MEMORANDUM or AGREEMENT, had, made, and con- 
cluded, this lay of jin the year of our 
ord , between A. B, of &c., of the one 
part, and C. D. of &o., of the other part. 
The said A. B. agrees to let, and the said C. D. 
agrees to take and rent all that messuage, farm, and 
premises, called situate in the parish of » 
and now in the occupation of , consisting of a 
messuage or tenemerit, with the several closes or par- 
cels of meadow, arable, and pasture land thereunto 
belonging, as specified in the schedule hereunto an- 
nexed, containing together by estimation acres, be 
the same more or less. Except and always reserved 
unto the said A. B., his heirs or assigns, all timber and 
other trees, with the tops and lops thereof now grow- 
ing, or to grow upon the said premises ; and also all 
mines, minerals, and other things under the soil thereof, 
with full and free liberty for the said A. B., his heirs or 
assigns, and his or their servants, to enter upon the said 
premises, to cut down and take away any timber or 
other trees, to dig and carry away minerals and other 
things, and to inspect the state of repairs; and also 
liberty for the said A. B., his heirs or assigns, and his 
or their companions, gamekeepers and servants, at all 
reasonable times, to enter into and upon the said pre- 
mises, to hunt, shoot, fish, and fowl, over and upon the 
same. To HAVE AND TO HOLD (except as aforesaid) the 
said premises, and the said arable and pasture lands, 
for the term of one year, from the 29th day of Septem- 
ber next, and so on afterwards from year to year, so 
longas the said parties shall mutually agree, and until 
legal notice shall be given by either party to determine 
the same; yielding and paying to the said A. B., his 
executors or assigns, or his or their agent, the yearly 
rent or sum of ounds of lawful money of Great 
Britain, by two equal half-yearly payments at Lady- 
day and Michaelmas respectively, the first payment to 
be at Michaelmas next ; and the further rent of 
pounds for every acre of the said premises that shall 
be let to any under tenant without leave in writing 
from the said A. B. or his steward for the time being ; 
also the further rent of pounds for every acre of 
the aforesaid natural meadow or pasture land, which 
without the written consent of A. B. or his steward, he 
shall suffer to be broken up. And the said C. D. agrees 
to crop and cultivate the land according to a good and 
approved system of husbandry ; to wit, he will not take 
more than one seed producing crop without an interven- 
ing fallow or green erop. Wheat, Darley, Oats, Rye, 
Peas, Beans, Clover (seeded), Vetches (seeded), and 
other crops allowed to mature their seeds, to be consi- 
dered seed producing crops, and Turnips, Cole, Potatoes, 
Clover (not seeded), Vetches (not seeded), and other 
root and forage plants, whether dried as hay or in any 
other form, if not suffered to mature their seeds, to be 
considered green or fallow crops. And the said C. D. 
will yearly and every year, in a husbandlike manner, 
consume upon the said Jand and premises all the roots 
and green food, hay, &e., the produce of the green and 
fallow crops aforesaid; and also all the straw and 
haulm, &c., the produce of the corn or seed producing 
crops aforesaid, and he will each year apply to and 
upon the said lands all the manure thus yearly produced. 
The said C. D. also agrees to pay the several rents as 
they shall respectively become due, and to pay all taxes 
(except landlord's property tax and land tax), also to 
insure the said premises and buildings against loss by 
fire in some trustworthy insurance office ; and also to 
keep the said buildings, with all walls, gates, stiles, and 
fences, in good and sufficient tenantable condition and 
repair, being allowed materials in the rough sufficient 
for that purpose. 
[The form and most of the subst: of the 
is by Barugh Almack, as published by him in the 
** English Agricultural Journal.”] And the said A. B. 
and C. D. hereby mutually agree that if any dispute 
shall arise between them, their executors, and adminis- 
trators upon the said C. D. quitting the farm, or upon 
the state of cultivation or condition thereof, such dis- 
pute shall be settled by two referees, one named by each 
party or their umpire, and in case one party refuse to 
ee 
