- three-fourths of the 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
745 
SEED WHEAT. 
ED STRAW WHITE WHEAT, AND HOPE- 
TOUN WHITE WHEAT — Varieties whose excellence 
has been tested and acknowledged by tery many farmers both 
in England and Scotland,—for Sale at 
WHI NDER-EDGE, 
than 50 bushels; sacks 2s. each. Orders must be accompa- 
JOHN MORTON. 
RNAMENTAL TILES for Floors, Walls, &e., of 
Greenhouses, Conservatories, Garden Terraces ; Encaustic, 
Venetian, &c.,in EVERY VARIETY. May be seen at Messrs. 
h London, 
of Stoke- 
> 
FOR DIBBLING YOUR WHEAT. 
s 'RICES : 
For Dibbling a single row . . - ou 
Ditto double row HOLT MMC Sal 
Tor Cireulars, Testimonials, &c., apply to 
Wittram E. RewDLE and Co., Plymouth. — 
AWES’ PATENT MANURES.—'furnip Manure» 
Tl. per ton. Clover Manure, 1 Corn Manure, 
141, per ton. Superphosphate Lime, 77. per ton. 
A Pamphlet on Artificial Manures will be forwarded to any 
person enclosing two postage stamps to Mr. Witson at-Mr. 
Lawes’ Factory, Deptford Creek, London. 
| ENE AND BOLIVIAN GUANO ON 
SALE, BY THE ONLY IMPORTERS, 
ANTONY GIBBS AN» SONS, LONDON; " 
Wm. JOSEPH MYERS and 00., LIVERPOOL; 
And by their Agents, 
GIBBS, BRIGHT, anD CO., LIVERPOOL and BRISTOL; 
COTSWORTH, POWELL, ann PRYOR, LONDON. 
To protect themselves against the injurious consequences of 
using inferior and spurious guano, purchasers are recom- 
mended to apply only to Dealers ofestablished character, or to 
the above-named Importers, who will supply the article in any 
juantity, at their fixed prices, delivering it from the Import 
arehouses, 
HE IMPROVED HYDRAULIC RAM, 
00 
0 0 
Hi 
ENGINES FOR DEEP WELLS OF ALL KINDS. DOUCHE 
AND OTHER BATHS. BUILDINGS HEATED BY HOT 
WATER. WATER WHEELS to work Small Pumps, from 151. 
Estimates given for the supply of Towns, &c. 
A newly invented PORTABLE VAPOUR BATH, all com- 
plete for 4l 
TO BRICK AND TILE MAKERS, 
HE AINSLIE PATENT TILE MACHINE 
COMPANY (James Surru, Esq., of Deanston, Chairman), 
inyite attention to their improved TILE MACHINE, and to 
their new Patent Improved Kilns, for drying and burning 
Bricks and Tiles, by which a saving of from two-thirds to 
fuel is effected, and all the articles are 
The Machines at work 
be seen, and all particulars to be 
obtained from Mr. Joun PATON, Secretary, 1934, Piccadilly, 
London, Agents wanted. 
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. 
SIX THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED FEET OF 
ROGGON'S PATENT ASPHALTE FELT 
have been used to roof the above Society's buildings, at 
Neweastle-upon-Tyne. 
PRICE ONE PENNY PER SQUARE FOOT. 
Tuomas Joun Onoccon, 8, Lawrence Pountney-hill, Cannon- 
street, London. 
CHEAP AND DURABLE ROOFING. 
BY HER Fa ‘SB ROYAL LETTERS 
re 
Sk ROG 
M*NEILL & CO., of Lamb’s Buildings, Bunhill- 
* row, London, the Manufacturers and only Patentees of 
THE ASPHALTED FELT FOR ROOFING 
Houses, Farm Buildings, Shedding, Workshops, and for 
Garden purposes, to protect plants from Frost. 
At the Great National Agricultural Shows, it is this Felt 
which has been exhibited and obtained the Prize, and is the 
Felt patronised b; 
Ter MazxsTY'8 Woops AND FORESTS, 
IoNounABLE BOARD OF ORDNANCE, 
MAJESTY'S PATENT. 
oYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, REGENT's PARK, 
And on the Estates of the Dukes of Sutherland, Norfolk, Rut- 
land, Newcastle, Northumberland, Buccleuch (at Richmond), 
the late Darl Spencer, and most of the Nobility and Gentry ; 
and at the Royal Agricultural Society's House, Hanover Square. 
It is half the p: any other description of Roofing, and 
effects a great saving of Timber in the construction of Roofs. 
Made to any length by 32 inches wide, 
cs ONE PENNY Per Square Foor, 
*,* Samples, with Directions for its Use, and Testimonials, 
of seven years’ experience, with references to Noblemen, Gen- 
tlemen, Architects, and Builders, sent free to any part of the 
town or country, and orders by post executed. 
far The Public is respectfully cautioned that the only Works 
in Great Britain where the above noe is made, are 
Le D "S 
EILL AN 
Patent Felt Manufactory, Lamb's-buildings, Bunhill.row, Lon- 
on, where Roofs covered with the Felt may be seen, as also 
the new Vice-Chancellor's Court, and the Passages and Offices 
at the entrance to Westminster Hall, and other buildings at the 
New Houses of Parliament, done under the Surveyorship of 
Charles Barry, Esq., R. 
fote.—Consumers sending direct to the Factory can be sup- 
plied in lengths best suited to their Roofs, so that they pay for 
no more than they require. 
| A GRICULTURAL DRAINING.— The attention of 
Agriculturists is respectfully directed to a simple and 
most eflicient DRAINING LEVEL, price 28s, It can be sent 
to any part securely packed. It cannot well be put out of 
order, and a mere labourer can use it. To be had of the 
maker, Joun Davis, Optician, Derby. 
The Agricultural Gazette. 
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER. 7, 1846. 
MEETINGS FOR T. 
Nov. 19- 
TWO FOLLOWING WZEKS, 
‘Tuorspax, Nov. 1 of Ireland, 
griculural Imp. Soe. of Tr 
— ‘= Agricultural Imp. Boc. of Ireland. 
" LOCAL SOCIBTIES,—Bath—Glamorgan. 
FARMERS’ CLUBS. 
ov. 16— Botley 
Bromsgrove 
Nov. 9—Bakewell 
10 —Wootton Basset 
18—Halesworth 
We must not imagine that chemistry furnishes us 
with the whole Tuzonv or Fanwrxc—the natural- 
ist contributes a large share. — The farmer, as we 
Stated on a late oecasion, has to deal with self- 
acting machines—plants, and animals. To make 
their acquaintance he must have recourse to the | 
sciences of botany and physiology ; and he has to 
provide them with the raw material whieh they 
convert, and on this subject he has a good deal to 
learn from geology. The whole of farm manage- 
ment, in point. of fact, relates to the manufacture, 
the maintenance, the working, and the produce, of 
these machines, and it will easily be perceived that 
besides understanding the nature of the materials 
they operate on, and the nature of the processes to 
which these materials are subjected in them, it is 
well for the farmer to be acquainted with the me- 
chanism of the machines themselves. 
"Their working is in most particulars beyond his 
control; he cannot make them act as he pleases ; 
all he ean do is to study their habits and modes of 
action, that in his treatment of them he may not be 
found (to his certain loss), fighting against the 
established laws of their nature. 
Now all this is beyond the province of the 
chemist; the naturalist is the person to whom the 
agriculturist must here look for instruction. And 
from him he learns the habits of the plants he 
grows—their natural likings for particular condi- 
tions of soil, climate, and situation—their structure 
as indicating the particular uses they are intended 
for, as adapted to the various operations carried on 
within them—and as affording an index to their im- 
provement. He thus becomes aequainted not only 
with the materials of his art and its products, but 
also with the nature of the means by which the 
former are converted into the latter. 
From the naturalist he also learns the conditions 
of animal life, the structure of the machines by 
which, out of Grass, grain, and green erops he ma- 
nufactures beef, mutton, pork, milk,wool ; he learns 
the means of improving these machines, the points 
in which they are capable of improvement, and the 
conditions under which they are most efficient. 
Tt will at once be admitted that all this informa- 
tion must be most valuable, for a great deal of the 
farmer’s success depends upon his proper selection 
of these self-acting machines, as we have called 
them. Indeed, in this, as is well known, his busi- 
ness does not differ from others. In all arts a great 
dea) depends npon the efficiency of the instruments 
employed. "Take the case of the miller: One pair 
of stones costing, it may be, no more, is yet often 
found to be far more efficient than another ; it is 
not that the latter wastes anything; all the com 
which passes through it makes its appearance below 
itin the form of flour and bran. The true reason 
of its superiority is found in this: first, that it does 
more work, grinds more corn in a given time, and 
next, that it does its work better, and gives out its 
products in amore valuable form; all the flour is 
together, none of it remains attached to the bran. 
Just so with the farmer; his machines differ in effi- 
ciency ; two plants, say Turnips, for instance, shall be 
placed in precisely similar circumstances as regards 
soil and cultivation, and yet the one shall display a 
much more vigorous growth than the other; it will 
do a greater quantity of work in the same time, 
avail itself more actively of the materials around it, 
and convert them more rapidly ; or, it may be, the 
two plants grow equally fast, but the one does its 
work better than the other, gives its produce a 
more valuable form, growing in its bulb alone,while 
the other grows all to neck and to leaf. And it is 
the case with animals, too, one consuming the same 
quantity, or, perhaps, more of food than another, 
shall deposit the material manufactured out of it in 
its legs and extremities, and the other shall place it 
on its ribs, where it is more valuable to the farmer ; 
the one shall increase in offal, the other in butcher 
meat. It thus appears that an acquaintance with 
the habits and characters of plants and animals, the 
machines which the farmer employs in the manu- 
facture of farm produce, and with the circumstances 
under which these habits are acquired, is almost as 
important as a knowledge of the materials they act 
upon, and of the processes which these undergo. 
So far, then, as we have yet gone, the theory of 
agriculture appears to point it out as an art by 
which certain bodies found in the air andin the soil 
are, by means of plants and animals, converted into 
human food. And what we call the principles of 
this art are those methods, or rather the truths on 
which the methods are founded, by which these sub- 
stances shall be constantly provided in the proper 
form, and place, and time, and by which the effi- 
ciency of these plants and animals shal! always be 
kept at the highest pitch. 
Tuere is only one Company in existence for the 
purpose of carrying out the ideas we last week pub- 
lished, on the usefulness of Town Szwacr. This 
is the Metropolitan Sewage Manure Company. It 
held its first meeting under the act of its incorpo- 
ration some weeks ago. It will immediately com- 
| mence operations—the first of many of a similar 
character, which we confidently expect shortly to 
see undertaken in towns all over the kingdom. The 
following—an extract from the report of the Com- 
pany's Directors to the meeting of its share- 
holders—exhibits the present encouraging pros- 
pects of the undertaking :— 
* It is well known that the grand object of this 
scheme is to render the whole of the sewage water 
ofthe metropolis available for the important pur- 
pose of fertilizing the adjacent country, and, by 
economising a valuable material hitherto wasted, to 
open out a new source of wealth. 
“It has been deemed expedient in the present 
instance to commence with the King’s Scholars’ 
Pond Sewer, and Ranelagh Sewer, as forming the 
first section of the great plan. The main pipe is 
to be carried as far as Hounslow, whence, by means 
of service pipes, the fluid will be distributed in all 
directions over an extensive tract of country. 
“Tt is highly encouraging to find, that in regard 
to the district now proposed to be supplied, an 
earnest desire has been expressed by the occupiers 
of land, to the extent of upwards of 40,000 acres, to 
become large consumers of the fluid, and that the 
country is well adapted for its application. 
“Itis worthy of remark, as evincing the high 
opinion entertained of this measure, that notwith- 
standing the unfavourable time at which it was 
brought out—viz., on the eve of the railway panic 
—sufficient support was obtained to enable the pro- 
moters to proceed to Parliament with their bill. 
“ The discussions which took place in the House 
of Commons on the occasion of the first reading of 
the bill, and the great interest then excited, led to 
the appointment of a select committee, instructed 
to investigate the whole subject on public grounds; 
and the careful and searching inquiry which ensued 
resulted in a report most favourable to the Com- 
pany’s plan, as will appear from the following 
extract :— 
** Your Committee cannot conclude their Report 
without urging upon the House the importance of 
a project which proposes at all times to carry away 
the drainage at the level of low tides, and to remove 
from the Thames the daily increasing refuse of Lon- 
don. It is true that the measure has lost something 
ofits efficiency, ir q the aband 
of the reservoirs. The result of this concession is, 
that no more sewage can be drawn at any time from 
the drains than can be disposed of at the moment 
to the agriculturist ; but even this comparatively 
imperfect measure will be a great experiment, and 
if the confident expectations of your Committee are 
accomplished, it will not fail ultimately to realise 
all the advantages which were originally contem- 
plated. Mr. Dickinson has proved the efficiency 
of liquid manures, The meadows of Edinburgh and 
of Mansfield have shown the power of sewage 
water. Mr. Thomson, of Clitheroe, and Mr. Har- 
vey, of Glasgow, have established the fact, that 
liquid manure may be applied at a cheap rate, by 
means of the mechanical contrivance of service- 
pipes and hose, to crops in every stage of their 
growth. 
“< There will be found individuals, no doubt, in 
this country of enterprise, to give further develop- 
ment to each of these experiments ; but it is only 
through the agency of a Company that ther may 
be all combined, and applied to the important pur- 
poses of cleansing our towns, purifying our rivers, 
and enriching the soil." 
* The Directors beg to congratulate the Share- 
holders on the prospects of the Company. The 
public is becoming more and more alive to the im- 
portance of the undertaking ; prejudices and mis- 
conceptions are fast disappearing before the light of 
experience ; the parties locally interested display 
an increasing desire to avail themselves of the great 
advantages about to be placed within their reach ; 
