748 THE 
AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
| Nov. 7, 
for market, as well as to state the way in which the 
whole or any portion of the seed may be saved with the 
least injury to the fibre, and be most profitably applied 
by the farmer. 
Corrace Tracts.—The Secretary having reported 
that the whole of the 27,000 impressions of the Cottage 
Tracts on domestic economy and dening, reprinted 
referred to the stewards of the yard.—Mr. Hateu, the 
contractor for the Pavilion dimer at Newcastle, 
addressed to the Couneil a letter of thanks for the 
liberal manner in "which they had considered and 
discharged his claim. 
ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, — Professor SewELL, in 
from the Journal for private distribution, were disposed 
of, the Council ordered a further reprint of 3000 copies 
for the same object. 
Wuear AND Banngr.—Mr. Isaac TaYLoR, of Monk- 
moor, near Shrewsbury, transmitted to the Council his 
opinion on the respective merits of the. Wheat and 
Barley selected for trial at the Southampton Meeting. 
GENERAL MEETING.— The Council decided that the 
hour of the General Meeting of the Members on Satur- 
day the 12th of December next, should he fixed for 
11 o'elock in the forenoon, and that the rooms of the 
Society in Hanover-square should be thrown open as 
usual on the evenings of Wednesday, Thursday, and 
Friday, in the Smithfield Club Show week, for the ac- 
commodation of those Members of the Society who 
Should visit the metropolis at that time. 
SMITHFIELD CLUB.—Mr. BRANDRETH GIBBS took that 
opportunity of laying upon the table a certain number 
of Prize-sheets connected with the ensuing Show of the 
Smithfield Club ; and also, in order to prevent disap- 
pointment, of reminding such of the Members of the 
Society then present as intended to become exhibitors 
on the occasion, that the last day of entry and receipt 
ifi the Smithfield Show would be Satur- 
o or the 
day, the 14th of November. 
Lecrurrs.—Mr. Raymonp BARKER laid before the 
Council the joint recommendation of Lord Portman and 
Mr. Pusey, that the Lectures to be delivered before 
the Members at their ensuing December Meeting should 
be of a different character from those delivered on pre- 
vious occasions, The: ded that the Lecturer 
should be i d, not on th l grounds of che- 
mical philosophy, or on gs derived from the 
laws of vegetation, to hazard conjectures on the best 
means of improving the present modes of agricultural 
practice, but to confine himself to the more substantial 
and legitimate elucidation of a clear, simple, and strik- 
ing exhibition of the chemical, physical, and mechanical 
properties of those elements so constantly referred to 
under various designations in works on Agricultural 
Chemistry, with which practical farmers in general 
have so few opportunities of becoming familiar by the 
direet evidence of their senses, and without which ex- 
perimental illustrations they are precluded from that 
tangible knowledge of the scientific elements of modern 
writers, whieh will enable them to peruse their works 
with satisfaction or instruction. Mr. Barker further 
stated that Lord Portman and Mr. Pusey had ascer- 
tained that Dr. Ryan would be prepared to give such 
Lectures to the Members of the Society, with the ex- 
perimental illustrations required, in the great Theatre 
of the Royal Polytechnic Institution, granted for the 
occasion by the Committee of Management, on Wed- 
nesday, the 9th, and Thursday, the 10th of December 
next, at 8 o’clock in the evening, such Members being 
admitted at the private entrance, No. 5, Cavendish- 
square, by free tickets, to be obtained of the Secretary 
at the Office of the Society. On the motion of Mr. 
Barker, seconded by Colonel Challoner, this recommen- 
dation was unanimously adopted, and confirmed by the 
Council. 
TRIAL or ImprEwENTS.—Mr. SHELLEY transmitted to 
the Council the joint Report of himself and Mr. Miles, 
the Stewards of the Implement Department at the 
Newcastle meeting, on the various documents referred 
by the Council for their consideration. This Report 
was unanimously adopted and confirmed. 
REMOVAL or Anrmats.—Sir MavrHEW RIDLEY gave 
notice that, at the next meeting of the Council, he 
should move an additional Rule for adoption at the 
future Country Meetings of the Society, in reference to 
the removal of animals generally, but especially of stal- 
lions, from their place im the show-yard, only under 
such restrictions and erders from the Stewards as will 
prevent irregularity and confusion, and diminish the 
chances of personal accidents. 
ountRY Mertines.—Memorials were received from 
the Mayor and Corporation respectively of Leeds, Nor- 
wich, and Guildford, inviting the Society to hold its 
Country Meeting in their localities ; from various 
railway companies, offering to the Society’s exhibitors a 
free transit for their stock and implements to and from 
the places of show, on the meeting’s being held within 
the district of their lines ; and from Mr. Eddison, de- 
tailing the circumstances favourable for the holding of 
the meeting in a given locality. These various communi- 
cations were received with thanks, and reserved for con- 
sideration, respectively, at the Monthly Council in the 
April in the year preceding thatin which the meeting is to 
be held.—Mr. Suaw gave notice that he should move 
at the next Council, * That, as since the division of the 
country into districts, a liberal subscription to the fuuds 
ofthe Society has been made by the districts respec- 
tively, a committee be appointed to consider the 
practicability of reducing the expenses of the Annual 
Country Meeting, and of applying a portion of the 
subscribed fund to prizes to be competed for by persons 
residing within the district only." | 
Letters relating to alleged unfairness in the shearing 
of sheep exhibited at the Society’s meetings; to 
iggesti. pecting the best imp of disquali- 
fying fat animals entered for exhibition, and to the 
appointment of judges, were laid before the Council and 
of the request of the Council at its previous 
meeting, presented a Report of the number of Pupils 
instructed at the College, in a knowledge of the diseases 
peculiar to Cattle, Sheep, and Pigs, agreeably with the 
intentions of the Society. 
PIDEMIC AMONG CarrLz.— Professor SewELL then 
obtained leave of the Council that Mr. Simmonps, then 
Professor of Cattle Pathology at the Veterinary College, 
should be allowed to address them on the subject of the 
disease prevailing amongst cattle. Mr. Simmonds 
observed that he did not think any benefit could possibly 
arise to Agriculturists by the Society’s circulating, as 
it had been, he believed proposed, a paper containing 
instructions for the treatment of cases of Pleuro- 
Pneumonia, as it must, he thought, be borne in mind 
that the early symptoms of the affection were so ambi- 
guous and so little developed, that even veterinar 
surgeons, long accustomed to the diseases of ruminating 
animals, sometimes failed to detect the existence of the 
affection, in its ‘earliest and curable stages: conse- 
quently, the measures recommended would too frequently 
prove more injurious than beneficial to the interest of 
the farmer. He did not think that the fatality attend- 
ing Pleuro-Pneumonia was so great at the present time 
as it had been heretofore ; many cases within his own 
experience having been successfully treated, and veteri- 
nary surgeons, in his opinion, had become better 
acquainted with this and other diseases of cattle since 
the extended system of instructing pupils had through 
the munificence of the Society been carried out at the 
Veterinary College ; and both himself and his colleagues 
were most anxious to do all in their power to promote 
the laudable objects of the Society. He flattered him- 
self that the- delivery of a course of Lectures not con- 
fined to one class of organs, but embraeing the structure, 
functions, and diseases of all parts of the body, had 
already been productive of great benefit ; and expressed 
his willingness to furnish to the Council whatever 
report they might require, along with a synopsis of his 
leetures. He regretted the small number of cattle 
patients sent to the College. In his opinion there were 
many causes for this deficiency, and he feared also 
some which could not be removed. He begged to 
suggest that members of the Society should be informed 
how much they had it individually in their power to aid 
the joint objects of the Society and the College, by send- 
ing up diseased animals for anatomical examination 
and illustration in the lecture room. 
Mr. Barciay, M.P., Mr. Suaw, and Mr. FISHER 
Hon»s having then addressed the Council on this sub- 
ject, Professor SeEwELL invited the Members generally 
to visit the College, and inspect the arrangements 
already made for the reception of cattle patients. He 
regretted the failure of diseased animals for investiga- 
tion, whieh could only be obtained at the market price 
ef butcher's meat; and of the Cattle Infirmary at 
Islington, which he had taken so much interest and 
pains in getting established. 
MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNICATIONS,—Numerous com- 
munications and presents made to the Society during 
the recess were received with thanks, and reserved for 
further consideration. Among these were Mr. Shaw's 
present of a Portrait and Memoir of Lord Portman, the 
late President of the Society, as contained in t| 
* Farmers’ Magazine” for the current month; and 
presents and communications from His Imperial High- 
ness the Archduke John, of Austria ; Baron Washing- 
ton, of Munich ; the Hon. Edward Everett, Principal of 
Cambridge University, U. S. ; the Imperial Agricultu- 
ral Society of Vienna ; the Royal Societies of Munich 
and Caen; the New York Agricultural Society ; Dr. 
Spurgin, Mr. Faleoner, Mr. Charnock, Mr. Dean, Mr. 
Raynbird, Lady Franklin, Mr. Rogers, C. E., Mr. Par- 
ker, Mr. Casella, Mr. Davies, Colonel Moody, Rev. Dr. 
Stewart, Dr. Murray, Mr. Dickson, Mr. Coxworthy, 
Mr. Wood, Mr. Salmon, Mr. Gesner, Mr. Broadhead, 
Mr. Read,V. S., Mr. Iveson, Mr. Drury, Mr. Trimmer, 
and Mr. Morton. 
The Council then adjourned to Wednesday, the 2d of 
December. 
Farm Memoranda. 
Fellenberg School at Hofwyl—Emanuel Von Fellen- 
berg was descended from one'of the oldest families of the 
nobility of Switzerland. Early dissatisfied with political 
life, he became a pupil of Pestolozzi. Inspired with the 
ideas of that great man, he resolved to devote his life and 
fortune to their development. Superior to his master 
in the refinements of life and in wealth, he was scarcely 
second to him in zeal and firmness of purpose, He 
consumed 10 years in visiting sehools and otherwise 
fitting himself for the execution of his plans. Havin, 
sought through Switzerland a location uniting all the 
essentials to his conception of a site for a school, he 
fixed upon Hofwyl, an estate in Canton Berne, about 
five miles from the capital. It is a large irregular 
mound, embracing about 200 acres. In the distance, 
on the east, are the Bernese Alps. On the west is the 
ura chain. Lesser elevations, between, crowned with 
forests of different ages, meadows rich in verdure, grain 
fields and cottages embosomed in shade trees, greet the 
eye on every side as one looks out from the grounds 
upon which the group of buildings is situated. There 
were three schools founded by M. Fellenberg—two at 
Hofwyl, and a third at Kutti, another estate near. The 
latter is the school for agriculture. The higher school 
at Hofwyl, receives pupils from the more wealthy 
families, of whom there are about 40 from England— 
the lower is for the poor. The courses of instruction 
are totally different. The English Professor was kind 
enough to present my name and mention my wishes to 
M. F. early in the morning after my arrival. Next day, 
having been made aequainted with my purposes by the 
English aequaintance of last evening, he took me, without 
proposition, at once away upon a walk of a mile and 
three-quarters, to the agricultural school. On our way 
he occupied my time with the subject of education, his 
father's peculiarities, Pestolozzís great ideas, and all 
matters relating thereto, in a style of great clearness 
and simplicity, and with all the sincerity of expression 
that might be expected from an honest man, who knew 
the truth of what he was stating, and felt its import- 
ance. He does not pursue precisely the course of his 
father in instruction, because, he says, “I have not 
precisely the same constitution of mind; yet I arrive 
at the same result, though following another plan.” 
At length we came upon the farm-grounds, in the 
midst of which are erected two enormous stone edifices ; 
one appropriated to the purposes of a barn, and con- 
sisting of mows, granaries, stalls for cattle, horses, 
swine, &c., and the other a boarding-house or farm- 
house with study-r k-shops, st X and 
apartments for all purposes that could be connected 
with the domestic economy of the farm. Before us 
were the young men from 16 to 18 years of age, digging 
Potatoes. They numbered 11, three of the whole 
number were absent, or employed upon other duty. 
Many of them were bare-headed, and all of them in the 
peasant’s kittel (blue over-frock). The Potatoes were 
assorted as dug—the lesser from the larger, and the 
sound from the decaying. The little crop had been 
planted, hoed, and now harvested, throughout, by the 
scholars. In these labours, an4 in all the others of the 
farm, carried forward almost exclusively by the pupils, 
there is no play-work. M. F. intends they shall have 
a deep-seated conviction of what perspiration and 
fatigue are, and of how much ought to be expected 
from a day-labourer. Leaving them, we went to the 
meadow where they had been mowing—and to the 
garden where each had a little sub-division for himself, 
devoted to growing what he pleased. The larger kitchen 
garden was appropriated to Cabbages, Cauliflower, 
Beets, Turnips, &e. The barn being situated upon an 
inclination, was entered by waggons upon a bridge above, 
and the hay and grain discharged with little labour 
into the mows and bays below. On the first floor were 
the stalls ; one series for calves (fine-looking creatures), 
another or two others for cows—all spotted, well-bred 
cattle, not large, but finely formed, in good condition, 
sleek, and good milkers—another series for swine, in 
which I recognised some Berkshires. ‘The stalls were 
paved with small eobble-stones, and so inclined that the 
urine could be conducted to a reservoir without. Each 
cow was secured before a little trough and rack above, 
by a chain, No partitions of any description between 
them. On the same floor were broad apartments, for 
threshing, drying Potatoes and Beets, beside all the 
usual conveniences of a stock and grain barn. In the 
cellar which extends under a large portion of the bar 
I was shown a quantity of Potatoes, some 2000 bushels, 
I should judge, which were all threatened with destruc- 
tion from the almost everywhere prevailing Potato 
sickness. The theories of this fearful malady seem 
he | none of them suited to all the facts of the case. It has 
fallen upon the plant in dry soils and wet—and in other 
soils equally dry and wet it has not appeared. It has 
occurred in the shade, and again has left such a loca- 
tion unvisited. Soils highly manured have escaped, and 
have not escaped. It is not in Switzerland alone, nor 
in Germany—but in France and Austria, and England, 
and in America. Not this year only, but in previous 
years. To particular soils, degrees of moisture, expo- 
sure to sun, peculiar situations, or presence of unusual 
quantities of manure—to each and all it cannot be 
attributed, But I have almost forgotten Kutti and the 
farm-school From the barn we went to a room in the 
farm-house, where the register is kept. This apartment 
is furnished with a double row of inclined desks, back 
to back—all in a single frame-work, a few chairs, some 
shelves, and a board for some 40 keys. Here the 
scholars write in their day-books all that has been ac- 
complished, and all they have learned during the day, 
between 7 and 9 o'clock in the evening. M. F. showed 
me the day-book, journal, and inventory of the farm. 
The detail seemed almost immeasurable, but the system 
is so perfect that there is nothing like confusion in any 
of the accounts, or like difficulty in learning from them 
the exact condition of outlay and income. The milk- 
book, for example, had a record of all the cows’ names, 
their ages, the amount and what kind of food they eat, 
and the average amount of milk given daily, determined 
by admeasurement at the close of each month; the 
amount sold, the amount fed to calves, the butter and 
cheese made, amount consumed, and quantity sold, &c. 
The day-book contained a record of each day’s work, 
with what, and by whom. The other books, and there 
were several, were not less interesting, or the system 
of record less perfect. All purchases, outlays, produc- 
tions, and losses, were displayed in the inventory sheet, 
and the absolute condition of the establishment shown 
by the balancing. o, 
After inspecting these things we went to dinner. At 
its close there was half an hour of relaxation ; then all 
the young gentlemen assembled in the drawing-room to 
—— 
D———iff- 
