Gem 
46—1846.] THE 
AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
761 
AGENBUSCH anp Co/s REMEDY FOR THE 
POTATO DISEASE.— Price 6s. ud eee which en- 
sures an acre of sound Potatoes anda lar, 
KAGENBUSCH anv Co.’s GERMINATING. "COMPOUND. 
rice e best Steep for Wheat and 
and all other Seeds and 
Pulse. This is the gardener's best friend. 
KAGENBUSCH AND Cos GERMAN SCIENTIFIC 
MANURES, which: fertilise the land without exhausting it, at 
30s. per acre for M ws, once in three years ; for Tillage 35s. 
per EA and for eps 40s. per acre, annually, Price 7L. 10s. 
for dede gum Tillage, and 91. per ton for Hops. 
t for 4 acres. 
These up ce kept at Hibernia Wharf, London-bridge, 
and Mr, Josepa Epwaxps willdeliver them to any one bringing 
the amount in cash. 
anufactured by KAaENsuscH and Co., Agricultural 
Chemists, Leeds. Sold by James and Co., Agents for the South 
of England, 55, King MEN CR onys 3 i POTTER, BRO- 
land cannot be exhausted by the application of, 
manure ; the ideais altogether a mistake. "The ex- | 
haustion, if it takes place at all, is due, not to the | 
manuring but the subsequent disposal of the erops 
grown. "Apply g guano to your land ; you cannot by 
that exhaust it, “and neither can the heavy crops 
which it may thus be made to yield, provided they 
be consumed on the land again. 
This complaint resembles that which is some- 
times heard—e. g., of the Mangold Wurzel, as being 
more exhausting than the Turnip, which no doubt 
is perfectly true, for the weight of the former crop 
taken from the soil is generally t greater than that 
of the latter. But this is about as fit a subject for 
RE So s for dns 
ls of 50 tons, NONE 5 dp ue at the Works in 
Ted s, E M the creeks of every port in the Kiugdom, 
so that Dealers or Farmers, and Landed Proprietors, clubbing 
together, may D^ supplied direct, at a saving of expence. 
iberal allowance to the Trade. 
ERUVIAN AND ' BOLIVIAN GUANO ON 
Eu BY THE ONLY IMPORTERS, 
NTONY GIBBS anp SONS, LONDON; 
Wm. JOSE oe MYERS anv 0O., LIVERPOOL ; 
And by their Agen 
GIBBS, BRIGHT, AND CO., LIVERPOOL and BRISTOL; 
COTS WORTH, POWELL, AND PRYOR, LONDON, 
To protect themselves against the injurious consequences of 
using inferior and. iil guano, purchasers are recom- 
mended to apply only to Dealers ofestablished character, or to 
the above-named Importers, who will supply the article in any 
quantity, x their fixed prices, delivering it from the Import 
Warehous: 
AWES’ PATENT MANURES.—' — Turnip irnip Manure, 
Tl. per ton. Clover Manure, 14}. per ton. Corn Manure 
147. per ton. Siperpospint Lime, 71. per ton. 
A Pamphlet on Artifi B will be forwarded to any 
person enclosing two E stamps to Mr. WILSON, at Mr. 
Lawes’ Des: y, Deptford Greek, London, 
N ARK TOTHERGILL, (s to (em the following 
NURES on the best terms, 
GUANO, PERUVIAN, and AFRICAN, direct from Import 
Mar S, 
GON 
Ditto, and SALDANHA BAY. Ditto. 
SODA m ds destruction of Wireworm. 
SUPERPHOSPILA ATE wi LIME (See Royal Agri. Soc. 
Journal, Vol. vi. Part BE 
e EUM M (Pure SEIS" "ot Lime 
DUST and BONE POWDR 
SULPHUR IC ACID. e TAROOAL. 
PETRE S. SALT and AGRICULTURAL SALT for Composts. 
SILICATES of SODA and £m OTASH, and all other Manures. 
No. 40, Upper T pares 
Agent for DINGLESS "uu AND 
LIQUID MANURE. 
ENGLAND INDEP: ENDEXT OF THE WORLD FOR CORN, 
HE attention of the Agricultural Interest, at this 
momentous crisis, is requested to the great importance of 
LIQUID MANURE, and the ease with whicl hit may be appro- 
priated by the use of FOWLER'S PUMPS, made expressly for 
the purpose, que portable or fixed ; Garden, pm and Barge 
se for Distillers, Brewers, Soap Boilers, and 
Tanners, for Rotana cold liquor. Pumps xt aus hire, for 
Buildings heated by by tot ater, f 
Horticulture, and every variety of manufacturing pote 
e Trade supplied on advantageous terms, by BENJAMIN 
Fowrrn, Engineer, &c., 63, Dorset-street, Fleet-str He London. 
FOR WHEAT, TARES, & 
"DHE URATE OF THE LONDON MANURE 
COMPANY will be found a most valuable Manure for the 
above crops—: ermanentin its effects, and has stood no 
testof five s ns with DA success each year. 
Company also supply gen avian Guano, Gypsum, Sane 
phosphate of Lime, Sulphate and Muriate of Ammonia, puat 
Acid, and every Artificial 
EDWARD PORSER, Sere 
al, Bone REY dust 
Bess, at the ket pric 
y, 40, New Bridge street, Black 
iz 
TS. 
TO OWNER D OCCUPIE ERS OF ESTATE AT: 
V ILLIAM BULLOCK WEBSTER, of Hounsdown, 
near Southampton, Draining uiu to Her Majesty, 
at Osborne, Isle of Wight; the “inventor of a SE Tile 
and Pipe Machine (applicable to making jBrieks) ; 
Machine for taking roots and stones out of clay, both anise are 
to Bs seen at the Royal Polytechnic Institution, Regent-street,— 
offers his assistance as a thorough practical man to Landlords 
T A GOR Gn ane ‘subject dohinactha Kith 
the Drainage of their Estates. P.S.—Land drained at a mes 
gum per Fut including every expen 
gum. ISLANDS. CATTLE. — Information 
geis been received here that numbers of French Cattle, 
fly the small Brittany breed, have been sold lately in 
iS PEG as Channel Islands, purchasers are earnestly re- 
quested either to write to friends, or to the officers of the 
Agricultural Committee, who will direct them to respectable 
dealers. Obtaining animals of our marked superior breed is 
of equal interest to the buyer as to the seller, 
Vonorary weet 
R. 
ons 
Guernsey, October 28, 1846, 
The Agricultural Gazette. 
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1846. 
MEETINGS RON ,PHEqWO KOO WING WERES. 
DAY, . 8i 
nd e cron 
FARMERS’ CLUB: 
loy. 30 Blotela and RM UIS 
Mary — 
as would be the double crops of ordinary 
land in a favourable season. In ail these cases the 
crop is greater, and in all the consequent ex- 
haustion of the soil is necessarily greater also ; in 
the first, the cause is art tificial—the application of 
manure; in the second, it is partly natural—the 
growth of a plant of greater natural vigour; in 
the third, the cause is wholly natural—the fer- 
tilising influence of favourable weather. Can the 
differences, however, in the several instances hinder 
us, in any of them, from w elcoming the result which 
is characteristic of all? The larger crop, let its 
cause be what it may, is just what you want ; sell it 
off the land, and no doubt you exhaust the soil 
more than if it had been smaller ; but consume it 
on the land, and the fertility whieh it represents will 
be made permanent. On the mode of its disposal 
will depend its influence on the land from which it 
is taken. 
Where the crops are always sold off the farm, 
there is no doubt that those grown after one kind of 
manure may exhaust the land more than those 
which have been raised from another, and this will 
appear the more clearly iu cases where the same 
manure has been repeatedly used. Unless a ma- 
nure contain in the right quantities and proportions 
all the substances needed by the plant, a partial 
exhaustion of the soil must always follow the growth 
of a crop, forthe matters which the manure cannot 
supply must be taken from the land. And one manure 
may be worse than another in thisrespectin two ways 
—ist, by its greater deficiency in substances re- 
quired by the “plant, and which must therefore be 
supplied by the soil—and, 2dly, by a composition, 
deficient in some respects, but, including such sub- 
stances in such condition as shall tend to induce an 
extraordinary vigour of growth in the crop. The 
greater crop in this instance will be obtained at the 
expense of a greater loss by the soil of those 
matters in which the manure is deficient. Now, if 
the truth regarding guano be as our correspondent 
states, then its explanation is probably to be found 
in the latter of these suggestions. Guano is not a 
perfect manure, and, therefore, on some soils, the 
great vigour of growth it induces in the crop to 
which it is applied, is obtained at tne expense of an 
extraordinary abstraction of the substances on 
which their natural fertility depends. The proper 
policy to pursue where the crops are always sold off 
the land isto change the manure as much aud often 
as possible, so that the deficiencies of one kind may 
be made up by the superfluities of another. Butin 
most cases correct farming should maintain itself ; 
where the crops are consumed on the land, the 
heavier they are the better; for the matters thus 
taken from the soilare thus returned to it again ; 
and to whatever fertility may be owing, a degree of 
permanence is thus conferred upon it. “To be sure, 
even here there is a certain amount of loss to 
which the soil is liable, and especially where heavy 
crops are grown ; but the substances contained in 
the grain crops and live stock grown on the farm and 
sold off it, of which the soil is thus deprived, may be, 
and often are, profitably returned to it by the use of 
bought food for stock, such as oilcake, &e. St is 
only in eases where the system of selling all the 
produce prevails, that the land is liable to injury 
from the use of imperfect manures. 
DISCREPANCES IN E PRACTICE OF LAND- 
RESTING. CONSIDERED. 
H. Cn. 
Hap fee EE Cr Telt it was my 
intention, in common with many others, to have offered 
some remarks to the consideration of the meeting, after 
the lecture on drainage at Newcastle ; and I believe it 
arrived at in so compressed and desirable a form by 
any other means. Perhaps there hardly ever was an 
occasion when the agricultural interest of all classes 
manifested so eager a desire for correct information ; 
and subsequent events have shown not only the 
desirableness of acquiring, but the positive necessity for 
putting it into practice ; for no reflecting man can dis- 
regard, in the face of our increasing millions of popula- 
dina the ec fearful, and ii may be but too 
di 
Tero is no one who has been at all practically 
conversant with, or paid any general attention to the 
subject of land-draining, but “must have marked the 
rapid and steady progress it has made within the last 
few years, not only as respects its more exiend 
application, but also as regards its more scientific and 
economical execution—of which indeed the other is a 
consequence. The Duke of Richmond’s Aet for facili- 
tating the operation on entailed and settled estates ; 
and the still more ible an ve Act of 
the last session, for authorising the advance of publie 
money for works of drainage, : sufficiently indicate the 
importance which the legislature attaches to its exten- 
sion, and will, no doubt, be the means of bringing large 
tracts of land into a tenantable state, and ‘fitted for 
profitable cultivation. Great as has been the progress, 
however, there is yet ample room for further eiforts 
and I, for one, poor as my services may hitherto have 
een, "hope still to be able to add my mite towards the 
attainment of so desirable a result. Seeing then the 
facilities whieh are now offered both to owners and 
essential to the best interests of all parties, that the 
work of thorough-drainage (and I use the term in its 
most comprehensive sense) should be executed in the 
most permanent and effective manner, and at the same 
time „with due regard to economy —that “ practice with 
science ” should be realized in application, without the 
introduction either of crude novelties on the one hand, 
or of a prejudiced adhesion to obsolete practices on the 
other. It must not, however, be inferred that I wish 
in the slightest degree to undervalue scientific theory, 
avy more than to. over-estimate mere practice, for I 
know full well that the one without the other very much 
resembles the mariner steering without his con pass: 
nevertheless, it not unfrequently happens that men iu 
their zeal to establish theories, good in themselves, are 
apt to press them beyond their legitimate ap; deren 
into extremes which, practically, are neither desirable 
nor useful ; and thus those discrepances aj ch it 
is our present purpose to guard against, and, if possible, 
ireet the attention towards the acquisition of that 
“practice with science” in the art of thorough-draining, 
which may.most securely attain the object. 
The leading features which we desire as briefly as 
possible to impress are, permanency of execution, com- 
pleteness of effect, and consistent economy ; in con- 
sidering which it will also be necessary to speak of the 
details of depths, distance, pipes, &c. If any additional 
argument were needed, beyond that which pecuniary 
interest supplies, to convince proprietors of the neces- 
sity for drainage being executed in a permanent man- 
ner, it is to be found in the general tenour, as well as 
the several provisions of the two Acts before referred 
to. In the first, which is mainly for the removal of 
certain disabilities, whilst the benefit of improvement is 
given to the present possessor, especial care is taken to 
protect the interest of those in remainder, by requiring 
proper and effective execution ; and in the latter Act 
(which proceeds a step Rhee in encouragement, by 
authorising the advance of public money for the pur- 
pose, x ayable by instalments, with interest, in 22 
years) provision is not only made for effective execu- 
tion at he first, but all the drains and outfalls are to be 
subject to supervision, and must be yearly certified to 
be in proper ‘order ; so that whilst it is incumbent upon 
those intrusted with the execution of the Act to be 
assured of the substantial character of the work, it will 
equally behove both owners and occupiers, for their 
common interest, to acquiesce in securing the most safe 
and permanent system. This will necessarily ensure 
the most approved plans wherever the drainage is done 
under the Act, and will also conduce to a better and more 
uniform praetice generally, and finally abolish, it is to 
be hoped, that worst of all arrangements, yet too often 
persisted in, of the landlord finding the tiles or pipas 
and leaving the tenants to do the work as it suits their 
notions or convenience. Hitherto, with some excep- 
tions, I cannot but think that permanency has been too 
little regarded, whilst cheapness of first cost has been 
unduly considered. Take, for example, the apparent 
saving which is effected by the use of the smallest pipes, 
and what is the practical truth ? Simply this : that hy 
using the minimum size, about 1 inch calibre, instead of 
a pipe of double that sectional area, or 2 inches internal 
diameter, you may, edu save in the prime cost of 
the pipes the paltry sum of 5s. or 6s. per statute acre ; 
but, the practical objections of easy dist 
is doing no more than justice to the almost 
fecling of that large and intelligent assembly, to express 
the deepest regret that any circumstances should have 
interposed to prevent the full discussion of the subject ; 
for, however competent ; and desirous parties may be by 
ono. "St. Mary 28—H. n " 
A rew weeks ago one of our correspondents, 
speaking of THE REPEATED APPLICATION OF GUANO 
as à manure, said—' I think it tends to exhaust” 
the land. That, we imagine, was his meaning. 
And the same idea had been before frequently 
Now, the fact is, that 
broached in our columns. 
as was suggested) through 
the medium of the agricultural press, to elucidate the 
whole truth, yet in such an assemblage, compósed as it 
was of practical and scientific men from all parts of the 
kingdom, for the express purpose of acquiring and im- 
parting information, it could not have failed but that a 
most valuable mass of practical and scientific evidence 
had been collated, and such probably as can never be 
plkcexhents inability of the workmen to lay them firmly, 
and several others which might be given to so small a 
pipe (to say nothing. of the acknowledged: truism that 
all extremes are le), this temp rary saving 
but very poorly compensates for the additional risk 
that must be incurred in effective durability. I do 
not say that the smallest size of pipe may not be effee- 
tive for a time (as, indeed, would be the drain itself, if 
merely refilled with the material taken from it, without 
any pipe or tile being laid), and even, perhaps, in many 
situations permanently so; but I cannot think that 
practice is to be regarded as either generally safe or 
occupiers of every grade, it becomes more than ever, 
