48—1846.] 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
793 
GUANO, &c. : 
ARK FOTHERGILL begs to offer the following 
MANURES on the best terms, viz : 
GUANO, PERUVIAN and AFRICAN, direct from Import 
es. 
Ditto, v and SALDANHA BAY. Ditto. 
SODA ASH, for des tion of Wireworm. 
SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME (See Royal Agri. Soc. 
Journal, Vol. vi. Part 2). 
GYPSUM (Pure Sulphate of Lime). 
BONE DUST and BONE POWDER. 
SULPHURIC ACID. CHARCOAL, 
PETRE SALT and AGRICULTURAL SALT for Composts. 
SILICATES of SODA and POTASH, and all other Manures. 
Yo. 40, Upper Thames-street. 
Agent for DINGLE'S HAND SEED-DIBBLE. 
PATAGONI 
be Agricultural Gazette. 
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1846. 
MEETINGS FOR TH WO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 
J Agricultural Society of England, 
Dec. 24 Highland and Agricultural Society, 
in of B-lfas 
ax 
Wrpwrepay, 
t 
c. of Ireland. 
England. 
‘Tuonsn, — 10—Agricnitural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 
LOCAL SOCIETIES. 
Tater ae ec comet Walls (Trel 
—Farzingden—-hropham and Guiltcrozs, 
Pario LM ERS" CLUBS 
Nov. 80—W. Hereford —Wenlock— 
irencester— W, Market 
Exminster 
Deo, 1—St Perer's—Abergavenny 5— 
= Rochfrd Hundred — 
Dee, 4—Tavistock—St, Germain's 
— elmaford—Claydon — 
lebridge 
artford — Collumpton — 
Incheomb — Durham — 
Quivex 
burgh— Watford — 
s iens 7—Darlington—St. Columb— 
Wingerworth | Usk — Newark - Yoxford— 
9—Harleston—Braintree and arket Hill—Banchory— 
ocking akewa) 
3—Grove Ferry—Carlton-on- 8-3WoHtoh Bainis 
Trent- Hawick—Probua 
* Ox Tuesday last the Seventh Annual Exhibition 
of Mancorp Wonzrr, Turnips, Warre Carrots, 
Porarors, and other roots, was held at Lewes”; and 
the county paper from which we quote gives a long 
account, “to be continued,” of the roots exhibited. 
We very much doubt the agricultural utility, in 
practice, of shewirg individual specimens of an 
plants, A person who knows the special attentions 
generally bestowed on show plants, can only admit 
such exhibitions to illustrate the quality of varieties 
as regard their form, &c.; they cannot, unless all 
the specimens have been treated in a manner 
equally congenial to their nature, illustrate the rela- 
tive ability of varieties to produce quantity : and it 
is in the latter particular that their greatest differ- 
ences so unquestionably exist, that a Root Show 
which fails to inform on this point is of compara- 
tively little use, 
But if a fair objection lies against these exhibi- 
tions in the general—what can be urged in defence 
of the policy which has published the details of the 
Lewes Turnip Show for 1846 — in particular? 
Think of Swedes weighing 34 1bs.!; and of Turnips 
24 lbs! !—sent, no doubt, many miles under special 
convoy to the “Sussex Express Turnip and Root 
Show,” accompanied by a full, true, and particular ac- 
count of the character of the soil on which they were 
grown, of the nature of the manure applied to them, 
of the treatment they received—particulars so neces- 
sary to be known in order to the removal of the 
otherwise impenetrable mystery which must have 
surrounded the process of such abnormal growths 
as these! No doubt a few respectable weights are 
given in the lists of this exhibition, but the average 
of those published was far from justifying the state- 
ment that “the display of roots was exceedingly 
creditable to the south of England.” The weight 
of the Mangold Wu:zels exhibited has not yet been 
given, but it must be extraordinary if it shall suc- 
ceed in saving the reputation of the show. 
The present year, so far as our experience goes, 
while it has been unfavourable to Turnip hus- 
bandry, has been extraordinarily productive of 
large Mangold Wurzels. We could within two 
miles of the spot from which we write select some 
dozens of roots falling but little short of 28 lbs. 
apiece, and many cart-loads of roots which should 
exceed in individual weight the heaviest Turnip 
named in the Sussex Express of November 21. 
Tur subject of TrxawT Ricurs still occupies 
attention : but it is rarely discussed in the right 
spirit. This may in part arise from its designation, 
which, it must be acknowledged, is altogether a 
misnomer. Rights have no existence in ¢hzs matter, 
except in so far as they are the subject of special 
agreement, or of an understanding arising out o. 
custom. Ifa man occupies a farm with the know- 
ledge of his liability to ejectment at the will of the 
landlord, he will of course know how to farm ac- 
cordingly, but he can have no ground for complaint 
of any losses he may sustain in consequence ; he 
is supposed to have calculated the risk he incurred 
when he signed the agreement. The consequence 
of contending for*tenants! rights, as against the 
landowner, independently of any mutual agreement 
between the parties, and of advising the recognition 
of these rights by legal enactment, has been to ex- 
cite in the minds of many landed proprietors a 
strong feeling of disgust at the whole system, and 
thus to alienate those by whom, if by any, the 
system must obtain an establishment. 
instance, at the letter by “ R. L., a Landowner,” at 
page 780; it has been as evidently written usder 
the influence of feelings thus excited, as, in our 
opinion, its sentiments and lamentations are incon- 
sistent with the interests of the body to which the 
writer belongs. The agitation for tenants’ rights, 
if the words be allowable, is to be urged simply on 
the grounds of advantage to all the parties con- 
cerned in the matter; no word of appeal to Parlia- 
ment should be uttered—the idea it would express 
is both unjust and absurd. And is not the ground 
we recommend strong enough to support a super- 
structure of unanswerable argument? Consider 
two things connected with this subject, which to 
most minds must appear sufficiently obvious :— 
1, a system which gives to tenants a right to unex- 
hausted improvements in the land tends to higher 
cultivation; 2, the owner of the land is of all 
parties the one most interested in this high enltiva- 
tion. Is not this the essence of all that can be 
urged? The mode in which higher cultivation 
affects other interests need not now be enlarged on. 
Mr. Grey, of Dilston, pointed out most clearly at 
Newcastle that the responsibility of the poverty 
and misery prevalent in many districts in this 
country must be held to rest on those owners of 
land there who refuse to allow of any other occu- 
pancy by farmers than that which depends on their 
own will or caprice. 
ON BOX-FEEDING CATTLE. 
[The following is extracted from a very instructive 
paper by Mr. Glover, lately read before the Newcastle 
Farmers’ Club, of which he is honorary Secretary.] 
It is almost impossible for any one who has not seen 
and paid attention to the subject to form a correct esti- 
mate of the advantage of box-feeding cattle. The plan 
is extremely simple and feasible, which is one of its 
reatest dati The advantage of feeding 
cattle in boxes consists in the absence of all waste of 
food, which in a yard it is impossible to prevent. It 
affords the opportunity of placing before the animal an 
equal portion of food, which cannot be the case in a 
yard where eattle are indiscriminately mixed. It allows 
each animal to eat at its leisure, ruminate unmolested, 
and take its rest undisturbed. In yards where there 
are a number of cattle, the master cattle consume the 
choicest part of the food ; they drive the weak ones 
about, and allow them little rest. Hence the great in- 
equality observable in the condition of yard-fed cattle 
compared to those fed in boxes ; and hence the aston- 
ishment so often expressed by farmers that after their 
fattest cattle have been sent to market, the remainder 
thrive rapidly. It is then perceived that those cattle 
which appeared the least prone to fatten would perhaps 
have been the most forward in condition, had they been 
separated from others. In fact the system of feeding 
cattle in boxes can be regulated to the greatest nicety ; 
while that in the yards must ever remain slovenly, 
wasteful, and imperfect. 
I shall now proceed to give you a description of the 
boxes, according to the plan of Mr. Warnes. We will 
suppose that you wish to erect 10 boxes, for which you 
will require a space of 90 feet long and 124 wide ; then 
let a line be drawn from one end to the other, 33 feet 
wide, from the side most convenient for the passage. 
Next, let the mould to the depth of 1 foot, be e 
vated from the other part, and thrown on the side in- 
| tended for the front, and spread to the thickness of a 
foot deep. This will give 2 feet from the bottom of the 
boxes to the surface. A wall of brick-work 4 ins, wide 
and 2 feet high is next to be built round the inside of 
the part excavated, and intersected at distances of 84ft. 
At each angle the brickwork should be 9 or 12 ins. square 
which will both support the posts and afford strength 
and durability. Upon the wall a sill of wood is next to 
be placed ; for which purpose large poles either square 
or split are adopted. The foundation being now com- 
plete, posts 6 feet long, and the necessary sills and ties 
may be placed upon it. Across the ties the most ordi- 
nary poles may be laid to support a roof composed of 
the trimmings from hedges and ditches, and completed 
with a thatch of straw or rushes. ‘Two gates must be 
added to each box; one of which moves on hinges, and 
the other to be secured at the top and bottom sills of the 
building, so as to be taken down at pleasure. Presum- 
ing that we have taken advantage of a barn, or other 
walls or farm premises, the external part is finished ; 
the internal has merely to be parted off with a few 
oles between each box, and the passage separated by 
the eribs, which are to move up and down between the 
interior posts, which are placed upon the angles of each 
box, and support the roof on the passage side. 
Such boxes as I have described where advantage can 
be taken of an unoccupied wall (which ought to be from 
6 to 8 feet in height), may be erected for 30s. each. 
These boxes are 8} ft. square, From what I have seen 
I think that they would be too small for our large short- 
horns ; they should be from 9 to 10 feet square, I 
would not recommend them to be made larger than 10 ft. 
for if so the manure will not get properly trodden down. 
Good strong substantia! boxes, back wall 8 ft. high, in- 
terior 10 ft. square, and with slated roof, can be erected 
in this neighbourhood for 3/ 15s. Each box acts as 
a small tank, the whole of the urine being taken up by 
the straw, or other absorbents; such as sawdust, dry 
Look, for |: 
mould, &e. If cattle are properly littered in this way, 
the manure will only rise about 3 ins. in a week, it be- 
comes compressed into a hard compacted mass, turnin, 
out about 5 or 6 eubie yards of manure, two loads of 
which being equal to three made any other way by cattle. 
I shall now proceed to describe the different things 
that are required for making the “cattle compound.” 
The only apparatus required for carrying out the system 
is a Linseed-crusher, an iron eauldr a hand-cup, a 
stirrer, one or two hogsheads, two or three pails, and a 
wooden rammer. The probable cost will be about 127, 
Large cauldrons are found inconvenient for stirring 
where compounds are made with the meal of Peas, 
Beans, &é. The size most preferable are those to con- 
tain from 30 to 40 gallons. The stirrer is an iron spoon 
fastened to a shaft of wood 4 feet long. The rammer is 
ft. long, about 5 ins. square at the bottom, and 21 ins. 
at the top, through which a pin 14 ins. long is passed 
for the convenience of being raised with both hands. 
The compounds are made as follows :—Upon every six 
pails (a pail is supposed to contain 6 gallons), of boiling 
water, one of fine crushed Linseed is sprinkled by the 
hand of one person,while another rapidly stirs it round. 
In five minutes the mucilage being formed, a half hogs- 
head is placed close to the cauldron, and one bushel of 
Turnips or tops and cut straw are putin. Two or 
three handeupfuls of the mucilage are then poured upon 
it and stirred. Another bushel of the cut Turnips, 
chaff, &e., is next added, and two or three cups of the 
jelly as before, all of which is expeditiously stirred and 
worked together with the stirrer and the rammer. It 
is pressed down as firmly as the nature of the mixture 
will allow with the rammer, which completes the first 
layer. Another bushel of the cut straw, chaff, &e., is 
thrown into the tub, the mucilage poured upon it as 
before, and so on until the cauldron is emptied. The 
cattle, however, prefer it warm ; but whether hot or 
cold they devour it with avidity, Either Potatoes, 
Carrots, Turnips, or Mangold Wurzel, boiled and in- 
corporated with Linseed meal, form a compound upon 
which cattle fatten with great rapidity. To make it, 
nothing more is required than to fill the cauldron with 
washed Potatoes, or Carrots, &e. sliced. € sing the 
cauldron would contain eight or nine pail ater, let 
only one be added. In a few minutes the water will 
boil, and the steam will speedily cook the roots, then a 
convenient portion should be put into the hs 
with a little Linseed meal, and smashed wi 
E 
ye sS 
firmly 
down, in order that it may retain the heat as long as 
possible. j 
In the spring and summer months, germinated 
Barley may be made into a compound with great ad- 
vantage, mixed with Linseed, cut Clover, Grass, 
» or 
Lucerne; cattle eat it with great avidity, and thrive 
fast upon it. The process is simple—let some Barley 
be steeped about two days, and the water drained off. 
After the radical or root has grown to nearly a quarter 
d b 
of an inch in length, it must be well br y the 
crushing mill, and as much as possible forced into some 
boiling mucilage, containing the same quantity of Lin- 
seed, but a fourth less of water than would have been 
prepared for dry Barley. Care must be taken lest the 
sprouts are suffered to grow beyond the prescribed 
length, or the quality will be materially injured ; there- 
fore it will be necessary to destroy their growth, by 
passing the Barley through the crushing mili, It may 
then be used at pleasure. In August, when I was at 
Trimingham, Mr. Warnes was using Wheat for his com- 
pound, as he found it was more profitable to feed his 
cattle upon it than to sell it at the price then offered. 
The Wheat was steeped for 24 hours, then taken out of 
the steep, and allowed to sprout, which it did in two or 
three days ; it was then put through the crushing mill. 
Three pails of Wheat were put into the boiling cauldron, 
containing seven pails of water, it was d, and 
one pail of erushed Linseed was sprin 
ed into thi 
cauldron ; a layer of eut Clover, Chaff, &e. was put 
into the half hogshead, two or three of the bandeupfuls 
of the boiling mucilage was then poured upon the cut 
Clover, &e., it was then well stirred and rar d down, 
and the same was repeated until the cauldron was 
emptied. To lay down any general rule king the. 
compound would be to destroy one of the great advan- 
tages of the system ; provide yourselves from the re- 
sources of your farms, with whatever is necessary to 
form cattle p d. The superiority of the cattle 
compound to foreign oil-cake is explained by the fact 
that the one, at the best, is merely the refuse of Lin- 
seed ; while the other is made of the seed 
real fattening properties of the p 
Linseed ; and that in order to produce a grea 
- 
without Turnips, according to circumstances ; nothing 
more being required than fibrous matter to act asa 
vehicle for conveying the Linseed to the stomach of 
the animal, and for re-conveying to the mouth for 
rumination. 
The following compound may be used with great 
advantage for feeding sheep :—Let a quantity of Lin- 
seed be reduced to fine meal, and Barley to the thick. 
