48—1846.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 795 
4 
the conclusion that all land which by nature becomes | cannot, perhaps, close these remarks more appropriately | the reader by dwelling ‘upon the discrepances} it ex- 
! suitably dry in that time, requires no draining. How | or usefully than by requesting attention to the accom- | 
far experience contradiets this, we need not inqui 
e panying synopsis, which I have compiled as carefully | features which: it establishes, fully satisfied that, in re- | 
Having thus endeavoured to show that durability and | and as briefly as possible, in order to present in a con- | 
completeness should be the primary considerations in| densed form, and upon what must be considered compe- | 
| thorough-draining, and that economy and science com- | tent authority, the several practices of drainage ; and 
port the most securely with such effective execution, I| after what has been already advanced, I shall not hi | 
A Synopsis or Drarnina, compiled from the Minutes of Evidence taken before the Select Committee of 
Legislative Enactment to enable possessors of Entailed Estates to charge such Estates with a Sum, to be limited, for the purpose of Draining, &c.—Susston or 1845. | 
| XPISNERM Sap ETS NN i DAR Cost of | 
$| Name Character of Land |__| Material used and | Fall used and re- |Cost perj Tiles or| Time Permanenoy, or Improvement in | 
E of )rained, or most Dis- Acre. | Pipes of [supposed Durability.| Land Drained. Miscellaneous, 
f| Witness. | practised upon. | Depth.| tance, |per1000.| Action. | 
Ft. In. | Ft. In. $ £. s. d|£. s. d. | | 
3!Mills -.|Olay,Sand,and Gra-| 2 6 | 15 0 |Gravel, and Pipes|lin 80tolin120 ..| 410 0 BG Bs Would rather trust| Tenants pay 7 per | 
vel and Sand, with Gravel over, to the permaneney| cent, to cover out- | 
of a Gravel Drain| lay and interest, | 
than a Tile Drain, di 
| 
TiParkes ..|Olay Lands, chiefly) 8 0 | 24 0 |Small Inch Pipes, Asmuchaspossible| 110 0| 0 6 0| Should Duration as long as|Cost paid the first | 
in Kent, to to with Heath orb and 1 in 330 an-| to dry the} that of the Pipe| year. Rent dou.| 
4 0 40 0 Thorn covering—| swers  perfectly.| 3 0 0| landin| itsel led. | 
oes not  like| Have also 18 hour | 
Stones, hem act after | 
| without fall. heavy 
^ rains. I 
23/Thompson.|Clay, in Kent -.| 4 0 ++  |I}and 2-inch Pipes| .. ex wee 159-0 * 0| 0CRO OL v... = de -. [Produce trebled, 
to and Bushes to to 
6 0 cover, 480.0 font: O 
32|Putland ..|Retentive Clay, in| Began | 24 0 |Linch Pipes princi-| .. BS «+ |8d.to 4d. os oH Thinks they will|10 to 15 per cent. 
Sus with 4ft| to pally. per Rod, stand an immense 
Šin. and) 32 0 length of time, but} 
6ft., bu: in some soils not 
after- so lon | 
ards i 
found 2, 1 
2h, & 3ft. 
better. 
35/Spencer ..|Stiff Clay, in Kent . Began | 2to4 |Tiles principally —| .. 25 Seen LAORE BE As good as when/One-third more 
at lft. | rods. lately 1}-in, Pipes. MO laid 15 years ago. | Corn. 
Sin., 50:9 
then to 
2ft., then | 
to 3ft., Í 
& then | 
to 4ft. | 
14|Davis  ..|Sand and Gravel, in| 4 0 +. {Linch Pipes, with|The greatest that| 2 0 0|1 5 0| .. [4 feet Pipe Drains|l]. per Acre ..[|Objects to Main Drains, | 
'urrey, Heath covering. can be got. to at in properly Makes each Drain dis. | 
3.0 will never stop. charge itself at once into li 
the ditch wherever pos- 
sible, 
56|Neilson ..|Very strong reten-| 2 0 | 15 0 |Part with Stones, |1 in 100, or less ..| Stone S -. Tiles or Pipes more|From 20 to about | 
tive Clay, in Lan-| to to and part with Tile 8 0 permanent than| 300 per cent. | 
cashire, 2 8 | 24 0 | and Slate Soles— Tile Stones. | 
Sods or Straw to 400 
ver, to 4 
600 i 
67|Reed Nuls hs s 3.0 oe l-inch Pipes, Clay to|Not material. No! m X Should |There is no end to B 
and up-| cover. need of fallat all. dry the| them if the Pipes 
wards, landin| are properly made 
11to12| and burnt. 
| hours, i 
TliNorth .. Various, in Lincoln-| With With |Partly with Thorns|The less the better ,| 1 10 0 e w Tile Draining most|Double the original i 
| shire, Thorns | Thorns} and Sods; and to permanent, Rent. ‘| 
lft.9in.| 24ft., | partly with Tiles ‘ 8.0 ! 
with with and Soles, with andto 
Tiles 2|Tiles 30| Sods and Hedge- 6 0 0 | 
to 3ft. | to 60ft. | cuttings to cover. E 
T6|Smith  ..|Various es 00 2 6 |15 0 [Broken Stones, and/Not of much im.|4 0 0| .. +. |In steep land Stone|Upwards of 10 per | 
to to Tiles or Pipes, portance. to Drains more du.| cent. In Ireland | 
3 0 |24 0 600 rable than Tiles,| the produce may | 
if properly done.| be doubled. i 
here not much i 
| fall, Tiles or Pipes i} 
5 preferable, | 
98 +-|Gravel, and tenaci-|2ft. 6in.| 15 0 Tiles, Soles, and|A perfect level will] 3 0 0|1 7 0| .. v a -. |5 per cent. A gain|I havehad proof sufficient i 
Hobbs ..|Grave ‘below—many| to 3ft, | të | Pipes, butmothing| not do, Itrequives| to from 5s. to 30s.in| to convince me that an { 
springs—Essex. an 0 less than a 2-inch.| some slight fall, 4 0 0| rent. Inch Pipe is liable to E 
i 8 to 9ft. ifnotfor| choke up. E 
springs, | 
100/Dixon ../Caleareous Clay, in| 3 0 ^.  |2-inch Pipes cesa Lo nn & 019 3) .. |Pipeswill lasta cen.|Any Tenant would|Pipe Draining has been 3 
deen tury, pay 5 percent, ad.| long a practice with us. i 
: ditional Rent. We had smaller Pipes i 
formerly, but the prac- ii 
tice of using small Pi; | 
10 se alt. 6 +. |2inch Pipes, but|4 inches in 20 yard Han ‘been piven up bs- ; 
T ag) e Ebo to prefers Tiles to) enough, but Eie cause they are inefficient, 7 
20 Pipes. Bush or| fall is best, [ 
| Straw to cover. ý H 
| 108|Hutley ..|Chalky Clay, in Es-| 2 6 |25 0 |Formerly Wood or) .. ce RAS i ees) bay idea Mea s. es .. |Very great. Jl 
sex. Straw, but now to 1 
2-inch Pipes, and 310 0 1 
| Gravel to cover, i] 
| li5|Balmer ..|Various,in Scotland| 2 0 +. [Partly Stones and] .. M .. | Stones ed .. |Both are quite per-|Double Rent. i 
to partly Tiles. Green ‘about manent, but pre- i] 
3 0 Sward to cover, 3 fers Tiles. N 
Tiles i 
about ] 
400 j 
; i 
12 iffes 30 0 |Inch Pipes, and the] .. . us aver| .. +» |I have mo doubt| .. . . have just purchased i 
a ia SOUPE ae peg Olan OTa aet ys of about the Tube 200,000 "Inch Pipes for i 
ay, piktai 870 Tile answering. cold clay land, and Y n 
have not the least fear 4 
ofusing them. Ofcourse, i 
as in the case of the At- \ 
mospherie Railway, we j 
cannot apeak positively li 
upon this matter, with. ii 
" » $ dione m e n panni. i 
fwd ile re-|A good fall ir-| od P m .. or rom sacks o But after all the ques- i 
133|Burrell ..|Clay,in Sussex .. i 6 S purum T: di desir| .. Wheat per acre to| tion of diameter 4s a Jl 
2 A 10 0 8, and even 9, minor question, because li 
] f A e 2 you may get the 2inch dy 
e i iles eel oe m e D 10 0) ces nswers perfectly as|Estate increased ipes for 6s. per 1000 I 
UWrlBowes  ..|Very strong Clay, in] 1.8 | 18 0 {Common Tile 1 fures gonea A value. Tenants| more than tho inch. l 
p pay 7 per cent, H 
P il 
1 ilvi in| 2 MUSS E C NE 1 0 0| .. (Quite permanent|Rent improved 30/I have not tried the Pipe M 
45/Ogilvie .. Ta Roun and in ae 15 0 |Common Til 5 id 0 Pretorii "Heel tol. Jeten Draiiügs bat T Bife 3 
: $0 6 00 Stones. been a good deal in the ij 
country and seen it 
tried to warrant any one to say that it is the best'system of Draining. I think after such a year 
as last, and such a winter as we have had, the effect will be all we could wish for; but after 
such seasons as 1828, 1829, and 1830, which were very wet, I think a Linch bore put at the dis- 
tance of 33 to 42 feet, would not take off the water so soon as it ought, 
tried. Ihave doubts uron it, I think the small Pipes of an inch bore have not been sufliciently | 
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