808 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[DEC 5; 
of the peace for that county and Middlesex, a Í 
mes of 2007, the annual interest to be laid out in 
the purchase of gold medals, to be called * the Linnzean 
Medals" and to be awarded by the president and 
council to the Fellow of the Society who shall write the 
best communication in each volume, and which shall be 
published by the Society, in either of the four depart- 
ments of natural history. Hach gold medal to contain 
op one side a profile bust of Linnæus in his full dress, 
encireled by his name and the dates of his birth and 
death. On the obverse is to be engraved the name of 
the Fellow of the Society to whom such medal is 
awarded, encircled by a wreath of the Linnea Borealis. 
— Daily Paper. 
Calendar of Operations. 
(For the ensuing Week.) 
Rotation of Crops.—1t i is admitted by most practieal 
men that nothing is more conducive to success, whether 
in agriculture or horticulture, than a judicious rotation 
Setting aside the doctrine of exerementitious 
espects untenable, it has sufficient foundation in the 
well known facts, that different plants require different 
proportions of food; and that, consequently, what 
às rejected by one will be appropriated by another, As 
for the circumstance that a given crop may be pro- 
duced on the same plot for several years in succession, 
this, although perfectly true in itself, is not as would at 
first sight appear antagonistic to the "above doctrine, in- 
asmuch as such generally occurs with plants that are 
somewhat indifferent as to texture, provided their 
favourite manure is afforded them. At this period, 
those who are desirous of attending to such principles, 
and thus laying the foundation for a good garden in the 
ensuing year should closely review the routine of crop- 
ping for the past summer, and even cast their eye back 
on the preceding year. Various are the schemes or 
rotations practised by different gardeners, many of them 
being based on no better foundation than the conve- 
mienee of the present hour ; when, however, the kitchen 
garden is sufficiently extensive, and where much pro- 
duce is required, the rotation of crops should be care- 
fully studied. Calendarial limitation will not permit 
me to offer more than a few words of advice, which, 
however, will, as far as they go, be a tolerably safe 
guide. The great difficulty is to procure fresh ground 
for the Brassica tribes, so numerous are the kinds, as 
well as successions in cultivation. Broken up planta- 
tions of Strawberries, Raspberries, bush-fruit, with 
Celery ground, should at all times, as a leading prin- 
ciple, be set apart for some of the Brassica family. 
The ground from which Celery has been taken, espe- 
cially in the Scotch or bed fashion, is also ready made 
ground for new Asparagus beds. Potatoes prepare 
well for almost any crop. Deep or tap-rooted crops 
should be succeeded by shallow or fibrous ones. Carrots 
and Onions, in rich kitchen gardens, will be found a 
much safer crop if grown on high raised beds without 
a particle of manure, When the course of cropping 
been decided on for the ensuing year, and dul 
entered with numbers in the garden book, my prac- 
tice is to set up laths opposite to the space appro- 
priated to each crop, with a number corresponding with 
the book, and the name of the crop on one side ; and 
on the other the manure (if any), of what kind, where 
from, and the quantity, with the mode of cultivation, 
digging or trenching. This done, a labourer who can 
read the label can set out or proceed with the work 
at apy spare time. 
CONSERVATORIES, STOVE, 
Conservatory.—The Camellias will ow Pis making a 
fine display here ; mine were never finer. They should 
receive careful attention as to watering with tepid liquid 
zaanure, very weak. Let them not, however, receive a 
drop until they are really dry, and then give it to them 
liberally. If in such cases any air bubbles arise, con- 
tinue to fill up with water until they cease. Let not a 
drop of water be spilled on the conservatory floor at 
this period, and keep a very little back air all night, in 
erder to let atmospheric humidity pass off. Be very 
cautious in the use of fire-heat ; the less the better, 
if 45° to 50° can be insured. Mived Greenhouse.— 
See that the early flowering Cinerarias have the lightest 
place in the house, close to the glass ; crowding is very 
prejudicial to this plant, Let plants of Eranthemum pul- 
chellum, coming into blossom, have abundance of water 
and a warm situation. The Vel ritonias, 
Ti les however, a slight communication of this kind 
all day, and sometimes all night if the weather is mild.” 
Early Vinery, Early Peach-house, &c. — Where the 
roots are inside, either wholly or partially, such should 
be thoroughly watered, if rather dry, with liquid manure, 
at a temperature of 73° or 80° ; this will impart nutri- 
tion and warmth at once. An ounce of best guano to a 
gallon of warm water (allowed to settle), to equal parts of 
clear and strong soot-water, with the addition of a small 
quantity of the drainings of the cow-house, will be found 
excellent. If the soil is exceedingly dry, the applica- 
tion of clear water should precede that of the liquid 
manure, or the latter will be wasted by running off in the 
issures. As before observed, proceed moderately; the 
first three weeks in such matters should hardly be con- 
sidered forcing—merely softening the shell of the bud. 
Mushroom house.—Be moderate in the use of fire-heat 
here. If the beds have been made in due time, and on 
substantial principles, little fire-heat will be wanted. 
When much fire-heat is required it is a sure sign that 
the beds are weak ; the introduction of Seakale roots, 
Chiecory, Rhubarb, &c., in succession, should be dul 
attended to. I am astonished that folks should still 
plague themselves with the old plan of forcing under 
pots out of doors: let them once do justice to this 
plan, as a system, and I will engage that they do not 
return to the out-door plan, provided they have a 
house or pit. 
FLOWER.GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES, 
Once more look over tender stock, and add any pro- 
tection necessary according to the principles heretofore 
laid down. Remember that fresh sawdust is an 
PRONUM protector to the crown and collar of tender 
lan 
an 
n FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 
It will be advisable to keep all Carnations or Pinks 
whieh may have been potted during the past month 
from the action of frost, as they are unable to withstand 
it so well as those which have established themselves b; 
being potted earlier in the season ; they should not, 
however, be shut down when damp, for though ex- 
Es hardy, no flower suffers so much from a want 
of a free circulation as the Carnation. Examine the 
plants after the frost goes, and fasten the soil carefully 
round the stems. They want very little water at this 
season of the year. Tulip beds as a matter of course 
have been covered as previously directed. The lesson 
taught to florists generally last season will not soon be 
forgotten, and from the loss then sustained we anticipate 
greater attention will be paid to protection for the 
future, It is a geod plan to lay young shoots of Gorse 
between the rows of Pinks where rabbits are apt to 
come, and it will prevent cats from taking liberties with 
the beds, independent of protecting the plants from the 
cutting winds of the winter months. Look well to the 
turning of compost heaps, &e. 
KITOHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD, 
Winter has at last commenced, at least i in this part 
of the kingdom ; and it behoves every one possessing a 
garden to cast their eyes once more round, in order to 
see whether its rigours can be farther softened with 
regard to anything tender. The best poliey with 
Lettuces intended for the supply next spring, is to allow 
them to freeze tolerably firm before covering them up. 
A very light screen of straw should be shook over them 
at first, and when this is frozen, add a little more; the 
object being to keep them frozen as long as possible. 
Above all, do not uncover them when a thaw arrives ; 
let them remain until completely thawed. "These 
remarks will bear equally on all other vegetables of 
a tender character. Asparagus : an opportunity will 
now occur of covering the roots with a good coat of the 
best rotten manure, Hard frosts frequently do serious 
injury to this root, for want of such a procedure. The 
Celery ground, as before observed, will answer well for 
a new plantation ; it should be ridged to mellow as the 
roots are taken up: for further information see an 
article by me, at p. 667, of 1844. Orcharding : proceed 
with pruning where necessary, both root and branch. 
In addition to a list of fruits may be named the “ Ord 
Apple,” aseedling from the celebrated Newtown Pippin. 
This on an east or west wall will almost rival its pro- 
genitor. A EE of it will be found in *' Maund's 
Botanic Garden and Fruitist," Fig. 23, of this year ; 
a work calculated to be of much service in this way to 
the amateur. 
Q 
FORESTING. 
Amidst other woodland business the coppice must 
not be forgotten. . All superfluous or useless stuff 
should be cleared away at an early opportunity, and 
} Dieu. h lias, &¢., are delightful 
winter things; see that they receive due attention. 
Follow up the directions for the Conservatory, as to 
heat and general management. Forcing Pit.—Take 
eare that the pots are not plunged deep, if there is a 
lively bottom-heat ; such in the neighbourhood of the 
Foot should by no means exceed 75?. Indeed, if atmo- 
spheric heat of 60° or 65° can be secured by other 
means, a bottom-heat of 70° would suffice. 
KITCHEN GARDEN FORCING. 
Pines.—Extract from a letter of Mr. Hamilton's : 
« Atmospheric moisture must not be withheld from 
Pines in a swelling siate, although we have arrived at 
the dark days. Nothing hasa greater tendency to pre- 
ripening. Should roof-drip prove troublesome, 
- Nae the soil too much, prepare a sharp-pointed 
and bore two or three holes, a foot deep, close to 
the stem of each plant, as a drain." I give no air at this 
season, exeept what I introduce from under the pipes. 
made for filling up all gaps. New the 
frost has set in, the spade may be exchanged for the 
axe and saw; getting on with such matters without 
delay, for fear ‘of snowy weather. 
State of the Weather near London, for the week onding Dec. 3 , 1845, as 
obser vedat the Horticultural Garden, Chiswie: oe 
| BAROMETER. Tuxnuon 
Max. | Min. | Max, | Min. | Mean 
30.948 | 29.206 44 | 39 | 98.0 
99.544 4| | 22 | 815 
29.799 39 P 39 | 16 | 97.5 
29.994 | 89.848 | 34 | 27 | 890.5 
29.900 | 29.655 | 31 | 95 
29.428 | 99381 | 34 | 99 
_| 29.716 | 29.664 | sz | Y ^ 
139.675 | 99.549 | 37.41 24.0! 307 
“Average | 
Nov. gto cue: f g; overcast at night 
- Faintly overcast clear and fne; frosty at night 
29- Frosty: clear and fine; severe frost at night 
Si oh of p ey Chiswick during the last A years, for the 
g Week ending Dec 12, 184! 
m | G Peine MALE 
Aver. | Aver. reate ee 
Deo. Highen " Lowest re Ed E 
P. | Temp. med. | of Rai 
‘maurice | INW, 
‘The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 18th, 
1830—therm. 57? ; and the lowest on the 6th, 1844—therm, 1 
Notices to Correspondon 
AMERICAN APPLES—A correspondent states ee ibo are very 
dear in Cumberland, and inquires if they can be grown in 
that climate with ed flavour. We answer, no. 
ZALE. BABET OR wil find the following varieties 
excellent show varieti . lateritia, Gladstanesii, varie- 
splendens, Catleugh's pul. 
cherrima alba, exquisita, optima, macrantha purpurea, 
gens eximia, coccinea, rba, constantia rosea, 
Broughtonii, alba grandiflora, indica alba, candidissima 
i s WIES and conspicua rosea. 
Back Numbers—Five shillings will be given oe A p 32, 
1815 ; and 38 and 41, for 1846. lso 2s, for 
Booxs—J v @—Lindley’ s “Guide to the Orchard ERG Kitchen 
Garden,” and Maokintosh's “Fruit Garden.” All th e plants 
named are stove species, and will not thrive in dd ina 
greenhouse, Your last question is best answered by econ- 
sulting the “New Plants” in the different volumes of “this 
journal. If you want a catalogue take Don’s edition of 
Donn: R Pi aeiy S Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis.” 
! D says he bas a fine planter 
this, which was put in spring into a slate 
plunged in the ground in front of his house, aspect S. E. ane 
chester.) It has grown nearly 3 feet this fine summer, and is 
‘ect high, exclusive of its box; but this day or 
two’s frost has made its leaves d aoon and fears are en 
of losing high Hara ny one had experience of its hardiness ? 
May he venture to leave it a this winter, protecting it with 
poles and mats? Last winter it was in an Orange ORC 
where the thermometer was odeon dlh down to 35°, 
is news too large to house, He adds, Erica mediterranea has 
thriven well in the same sheltered spot, unhurt by the severe 
rS year or two back, also the large white flowered Mag- 
nolia. Perhaps some kind correspondent will give his expe- 
rience on the subject. 
CINERARIAS— N— Procure ve TEENGI sort: W dum 
oria, Beauty of Wonham, and Menders 
Beauty of St. John's Wood. Cri sd Rival Ting, 
oyal Crimson, Surrey Hero, L ight Crimson, and Triumph. 
Jue and purple—Henderson's Royal Purple, Criterion, 
Beauty of Systen, King of Prussia, King ofthe BI ues, Var ieties 
aving coloured terminations to the petals : son's 
Tsabella, Bells Conspicua, Criterion, Ivery's Prime Minister, 
Compacta, Victoria Regina, Pet, Catleugh’ * Novelty, Capti- 
ration, Fanny Esler, and b erfec 
Fuensras—s rocure the following 24 varieties:—Liglt: 
phson, Norfolk Hero, Cleopatra (Turville), Cleopatra 
ns s), Venusta (ditto), Beauty of Dalston (ditto), Queen 
Victoria (ditto), Alice Maud (ditto), Duchess of Sutherland. 
(Gaines), Cassandra, Sanspareil (rouet), Nym mph keen i 
Dark: Formosa elegans, Loweryii, Magni sm 
imia (ditto), Paragon (ditto) ) , Exoniensis, dun b Ru? “ham, 
Siler Hero, Glossus, Erecta elegans, Laconii (Youell’s), 
ntish Bride (Epp Epp s)" 
e-water, or a dressing of wood-ashes 
E but not more so t the method you 
mention, which has "een successfully on a large 
scale by ag ARA urists, R S—This po ah will kill the mag- 
ots in your Celery leaves, and you need not apprehend any 
further mischief E them, R. 
Mowte d. Subscriber begs ** Ortolano" to do 
him the favour aoe eee the 2 ker of that which he recom- 
a good one; if the maker has 
such a diera ns HibldMavecitae lt 
Names or FRurr—J M—1, Blenheim Pippin; 2, Beauty of 
Kent; 3, Winter Pearmaln.l 
Names or Pranrs—When plants are sent to pr named, it is 
most partieularly SOEUR that fhey may be in flower, am 
as perfect as circumstance ermit. Most urs is it 
PLE that the country whence they have heen received, 
whether they are annuals, perennials, or shrubs, hardy, 
AT or stove plants mey be stated ; because speci- 
mens by post are generally bad and [SEES and much 
yaluable time, which such information would save, is need- 
trees in Printing-house- 
square are the Ptelea trifoliata, doubtless the remains of 
some garden or square now absorbed by brickwork an 
machiner a 
Pronemne—S T—If your plants are to MM Rum flower in 
the beds, it is better to plunge them; if they are to 
moved when in flower to a 
from place to place, it is better ii to alate cheat With 
good management and good houses no plants require plunging, 
except certain ee) tender things dad Wo which a a 
In theory all plants which grow naturally in earth ene 
plunged; but the artificial conditions to wh 
Sd renders it inexpedient to act rigorously 
Perhaps we may onus this more fully some day 
PRUNING— al Reader—Prune Myrtles and WEN in the 
E 
up to theory. 
spring, i. e., in Wea which is the best time for pruning all 
everg 
NI N—You cannot have a worsematerial than zinc. 
Ins form of iron pipes is not of much moment ; those raises 
re the best, because med Kony the greatest ESE 
ARTS to the interior of a We cannot answer prii 
questions ; you should consu hs builder. 
SIMMONS’S HYGROMETER—Be —Next week, 
Misc—A H—Taxodium PEW ET, E tl dy. 
ede japonica is suppor to be hardy, but it has not yet 
been proved.t——Sub—1f you will be kind enough to refer to 
p. 118. E will find a m we cres plants that may possi ibly 
suit your ER rivet is struck „from layers 
Garastas are stove plants, of the EET Brae Ginger- 
worts (gee “The Vegetable Kingdom 22)85 they are gun. 
by seed or division of the rhizome.—@ Robinson—Chin 
eU may be UU i AES suitable cuttings can ie 
btained, no matter at what season. Place them in sand and. 
ES them a little Ho ME e Pine-apple Potato does 
not require a different treatment from other Potatoes.[—— 
Enquirer—The cutie tone of Grasses are always puzzling to 
the, beginner, not because of the real dificulty of making 
them out, but becaiise “of the patience Lug in their exa- 
mination, and the necessity of a E od steady microscope of 
low power. Of course you will 
in works of science. Some US useful figures are to be 
found in the 5th edition of Hooker’s “British Flora." Our 
only venomous paoksi s the jinen o adder. Its wound should 
be smeared with o strong doses of ammonia given in- 
ternally, We iow ids of the hagworm. 
Extaz ex Page 796 c, 9 lines from the bottom, for ''so tall” 
read ‘so lat 
