D 
814 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[| DEc. 5, 
take just what the landlord pleases to give him, or enter 
-a contest in which he is unequally matched, and the 
very ground on which the battle must be fought is as 
unstable as a floating iceberg. 
* Resolved,—* That the sentiments entertained by this 
Club on the subjeet of * Tenants' rights? be forwarded 
to the London Farmers Club in compliance with the 
request of that Club, and that the subject be resumed 
here at some future period, at the discretion of our 
President.’ 
** Parsimonious Farming.—It appears impossible to 
come to any decision on this important subject which 
will equally apply to all localities, or to farmers prose- 
euting their calling under widely differing ¢ircum- 
stances. In order to fairly balance the advantages of 
high farming with the advantages of other systems, 
men must be supposed to possess fixity of tenure, or a 
certainty of remuneration for the improved state of 
cultivation to which the land is brought under their 
management. It is often said in the present day that a 
want of capital is the great hindrance to agricultural 
improvement, but where men possess fixity of tenure 
they find no more difficulty in obtaining capital than 
persons do engaged in trade, or prosecuting the duties 
of a profession. 
* In order to fairly test the comparative advantages 
of the systems, it is also necessary to suppose that 
labour in each case can be commanded at a moderate 
price, and manure obtained with equal facilities. 
Further, in making the comparison it must be remem- 
bered that all farmers are subjected to seasons in 
common with each other : that the household expenses, 
and the seed corn required, are about the same whether 
aman farms highly or not: that rents, tithes, parochial 
rates, and income tax fall equally on each ; and that 
the prices realised for that portion of the produce taken 
to market are similar. There may be some difference 
of opinion amongst us as to the classification of farms 
"under the three heads, but this is of no consequence to 
the discussion, because our remarks on the comparative 
advantages will be equally applicable, however we may, 
in our own ideas, classify the lands to which they apply. 
* There is no question but high farming is most ad- 
vantageous to the nation. We cannot move a step in 
improvement without extra labour: whether we pur- 
chase manure or make it on the farm by consuming 
green crops and artificial food, additional labour is re- 
quired in proportion to the extent to whieh the system 
is carried ; and carting, turning and spreading the 
manure increases labour ; when itis buried in the soil 
it will produce weeds, and these must be uprooted, or a 
great portion of the benefit will be.lost. Then, if all 
goes on well, the crops will be more abundant and will 
equire more labour to harvest and store : there will be 
more thatching, more thrashing, and a Jarger quantity 
of produce to take to market; so that it is easy to per- 
ceive that in a thickly populated country like ours, the 
employment it farnishes over and above that furnished 
by other systems prove its advantages in a national 
point of view. We may also conclude that as the im- 
provement of land may be carried on to a great extent 
if it is managed skilfully, and when it has been farme 
well for many years it will produce amazing crops ; if 
therefore, this system of high farming was generally 
adopted it would render this country entirely inde- 
endent of other countries for its supply of food. The 
embers of this Club, however, do not for a moment 
flatter themselves that the farmers of England are so 
full of patriotism and benevolence, as to generally adopt 
the system of high farming, unless they can be satisfied 
it will prove productive of personal advantage. The 
probability of this is always required to propel the wheels 
-of agricultural machinery in an onward movement. 
* There are probably but few persons who farm par- 
simoniously or drivingly from choice; while many do 
so from necessity. The advantages peculiar to it are 
few and small. But little capital is required, which is 
an advantage, if this little will only answer all desirable 
ends, and as the expectations of such farmers can 
never run high, the appearances of their crops are 
seldom flattering, aud are often little affected by blight 
or heavy rains: some mortifications are escaped. But 
these advantages are more than counterbalanced by the 
Serious consequences attending the system. This driv- 
ing is always in the wrong direction ; the capabilities of 
the soil are gradually diminished; the capital em- 
ployed is perpetually lessening; and the probability is 
that such a farmer must soon reap his last crop, which 
will little more than meet the demands of the landlord, 
‘who would not have let his farm to such a tenant, had 
not the law given him prior claim to all other creditors. 
“ There are also ad ges and disad ges pe- 
-euliar to what is termed farming moderately. Here 
everything is carried on systematically and regularly. 
The crops are in rotation: the seasons for the several 
sorts of grain follow each other; the 
| 
prove his ruin ; and he is left like a duck-legged drum- 
mer boy, unable to keep up with his regiment, hobbling 
and grumbling in the rear. 
“The man who farms highly also finds advantages 
and disadvantages attending his system. That t 
amount of produce will be much increased by good cul- 
tivation no one ean doubt ; and as many standing ex- 
penses are the same as under other systems, and the 
priees of manure and labour are in some measure 
regulated by the price of this produce, we conclude 
that the value of the increased produce will usually be 
more than sufficient to reimburse the farmer for his 
increased outlay. Still very much depends on the 
prices obtained for the increased produce, and no farmer 
is likely to keep on in his outlay to effect improvements, 
unless he finds the capital he has invested is returning 
interest, and he can hopefully anticipate that the per- 
manent improvements will again put him in possession 
of the principal. 
“In no country that we know of, much less in a 
country taxed as is England, can any system of farm- 
> 
[3 
and manures, by folding, soiling in-doors, and carefully 
collecting and preserving all manures ; by greatly in- 
creasing the present usual quantity of stock, and by em- 
ploying Linseed and oil-cake, for the double purpose of 
fattening the stock, and at the same time of manuring 
the land. He may do well also to inquire into the 
method of box.feeding cattle, as recommended by Mr. 
Warnes to us last year, and which has been proved by 
many persons to be ad g an ieal.— 
Report of the Stewpony Agricultural Association. 
Wotices to Correspondents, 
AGRICULTURAL SocrETY— Constant Reader—The subscription is 
1l, a year. Apply to the Secretary, 11, Hanover-square ; he 
will obtain your election, 
BnuisiNG MacuiNE—Z S—Apply to any of the great agricul- 
tural implement makers, Such machines are common, 
ave often described them, but cannot recommend makers. 
The lazy bed system of planting is to lay the sets on the 
surface of the bed, and then cover them with earth, opening 
deep trenches between the beds in order to optain it. 
ONTRACTORS TO e are unacquainted with 
the nei of Harrow, and under any circumstances 
ing produce food cheap enough to satisfy 
maaufacturers on the one hand, or penniless idlers on 
the other; yet properly protected by the legislature ; 
with fixity of tenure and at moderate rents; and 
smiled upon by Divine Providence, we believe the in- 
creased amount of produce obtained by men who farm 
highly, will enable them to sell at prices that could not 
be endured under any other system to which we have 
referred. 
“ Another advantage of high farming is that it per- 
fects in every locality the productions of the country. 
A good cultivated farm, even in this bleak neighbour- 
hood, will produce anything and everything that can 
be produced by field culture in England. A man’s 
chances are thus multiplied ; and the season must be 
peculiarly unfavourable if he has not a few fields which 
return him very considerably over the average value of 
El 
E] 
'Ops. 
This system also gives ample scope to the mental 
energies of the farmer, and if mental exercise increases 
mental power : if ‘activity is the soul of happiness ;' 
this may be considered an advantage. There are, too, 
some disadvantages to which the man who farms in 
this way issometimes subjected. If he happens to lose 
a crop the loss is not trifling: if seasons are precari- 
ous he is put to serious inconvenience by the disar- 
rangement of his operations ; and if there is a general 
depreciation in the value of agricultural produce his 
loss is immense. 
* Considering impartially the advant: and disad- 
vantages of the three systems, we give our verdict in 
favour of high farming, believing it to be the only sys- 
tem to which we can hopefully cling in the present day, 
and most likely to prove profitable for several years in 
succession, while it perpetually improves the land ; and 
we regret i that the i of tenure to 
which some of us are subjected, together with the un- 
certain value of agricultural produce, arising from 
fickle and whimsical legislation, prevents its, more 
general adoption.” 
Mebiews. 
Tales for Young People. By Agnes Loudon. Edited 
by Mrs. Loudon. London: Bowdery and Kerby. 
A LITTLE work of the greater interest to many country 
readers as being from the pen of the only child of John 
Claudius Loudon, “The Lost Gloves” we had before 
seen in “ Chambers’s Journal ;” all the rest were new 
o us. They are extremely creditable to the taste and 
judgment of the young authoress, and augur well for 
her success in the higher walks of literary composition. 
Miscellaneous. 
Drainage—Who is to do it?—The natural produc- 
tion of no land can be fairly ascertained until it has 
been thoroughly drained and its soil properly deepened, 
either by subsoil ploughing or trenching ; the roots are 
impeded in the course required by nature, the plant 
chilled by stagnant water, and manure deprived of half 
its strength ; that:these processes are expensive is but 
too well known, but it is also well known that they will 
bring a certain and ample return for capital, if properly 
done ; it becomes then a consideration, as a matter of 
agreement, by whom this is to be found, whether by the 
landlord or by the tenant; but if it is not found by one 
of them, the land cannot be farmed with the same profit 
it might otherwise. If undertaken by the tenant, and 
connected with other improvements, it must be to the 
interest of the landlord to afford him every facility and 
security in his power, by giving him leases, by consult- 
ing him as to the removal of superabundant hedgerow 
timber, and game, and by dispensing with all forms in 
his conditions which may diminish his profits and damp 
o 
the men are orderly and regular ; and the cattle are 
never put out of their paces, nor subjected to the 
least possible inconvenience. The moderate farmer 
is generally quite satisfied with the knowledge 
/he possesses: he toils not at science: he loses 
nothing in speculati or experi ; and his 
farm is a snug little settlement so long as prices 
answer his purpose. But if the value of corn 
is much depreciated such a farmer (from utter incapa- 
city to inerease his quantity under this system, and 
having ely anything but corn to rell) is placed in 
predieament: his prosperity is destroyed 
by the rathless hand of changeful legislation : even a 
his energies, without being necessary as a security to 
the landlord; but if such concessions are granted on 
the one side, the tenant must also make some on the 
other. He must abandon his evil courses, and willingly 
adopt such changes as are proved to be right. He must 
know that to farm beneficially for himself and his 
landlord, he ought to have at his command a capital, at 
least from 107. to 12/. per acre in the first instance. He 
should avail himself of all useful implements that are 
proved to work well, and to be economical, not with a 
| view of diminishing his labour, but of employing it, and 
| increasing it, for many other purposes, on his farm, 
;which is now suffering for want of it. He should 
general adoption of the system of high farming would | imitate foreigners in the economy of their green crops 
must have declined to recommend tradesmen. The Smith- 
field Show takes place next week—on the 9th, 10th, and 11th 
of the month. A report shall appear next Saturda 
DRaAInacE—An Old Subscriber— Our advice would be to com- 
mence at the lowest end of the main dyke, and from there, 
parallel with it at the distance of 20 feet, dig a main drain, 
commencing with a depth of 2 feet, to permit a fall into the 
ditch, and thence run it nearly level till 3 feet 6 inches deep. 
From this, at intervals of 8 yards, we would cut parallel 
drains directly up the ascent, either 3 feet deep from the be- 
ginning and continuing so, or at the depth of the main drain, 
whatever that may be, and getting to a depth of 3 feet as 
soon as possible. You may consider this an extreme piece 
of advice, but we believe itis a sound one, Use a pipe tile, 
laying it carefully, then covering it with any vegetable rub- 
bish, and lastly with the earth replaced in position and in 
firmness as nearly as it originally was. 
OLD oF PLEASURE—Rev W C Wilson—It is an absurdly grandi- 
loquent name for a plant found as a weed among Flax. No 
doubt when grown by itself it yields a considerable quantity 
of seed which yields oil; but it is in every respect interior to 
the Flax plant; which it is expected to supplant. You ma; 
erush the seed if you have any, and use it as you would use 
Linseed, mixed with other matter, Bean-meal for instance, 
and chaff, as food for cattle. 
INFLUENZA—C Du Cane —lt is necessary for you to describe 
the symptoms of the disease to which you give this name, You 
cannot ask us to give thedream as well as the interpretation, 
LINSEED ror Pras—Sigma—Do not give it by itself. You may 
give it with Bean and Barley-meal, boiling it up and mixing 
with Swedish Turnips, &c. It should be crushed, 
Lucrrne—, (—Use a framed line, marking 2 or 3 rows at 
at once, and drill them out wi f your land is in 
good order, the treading will do it good. So small an ex- 
tent should be sown by hand. 
Mink Pans—Subscriber—Do not use brass ; the idea is absurd. 
If glass will not do, use earthenware. About the small farm 
and buildings, hereafter ; if possible, next week. 
Porarors—J Vincent—No doubt mineral manures are prefer- 
able to those which are putrescent. Wood ashes may there- 
fore be used, but they do not serve the purpose of charcoal. 
Thanks for your information corroborative of what has been 
said on the policy of autumn planting. 
Rearine Youna Pias—Archibold—Can any one give their ex- 
perience? Something near the milk of which they have 
been deprived is what is wanted. Warm some cow's milk 
and give them it pure at first; then you may skim it, or 
dilute it with water, and add Linseed jelly, and by and bye 
oatmeal, &c.; but whatever you do, do not give “gin,” 
CAB—E T G—You will find some suitable receipts in the fol- 
lowing works, *Spooner's Treatise on the Sheep,” and ‘* The 
Sheep,” by Youatt. An ointmentin which Sulphur, Hellebore, 
and Oil of Tar exists will be found as safe and effectual a re- 
medyas any. W. €. S. 
STALL FEEDING—Manaman—N ext week. 
TnAr-ROCK AS MANURE—J Jones— The soil over trap-rock is 
generally fertile; but we doubt if ever a roc kind 
was so rich in alkalies and other elements of fertility as to 
render it worth while to pound it up and distribute it as 
e advise you to spend your money on guano, 
bone-dust, &c., and leave the pounded rock for the curious. 
Turkeys—E W Asks for assistance, A number of turkeys 
are attacked with an inflammation in the head which is at- 
tended with swelling, red and hot. How are they to be 
treated ? 
Wueat—M A—-If it has been pickled with strong brine and 
dried with lime, it will not be safe to sow it after being kept 
week. But you may try a few grains between two pieces 
of turf kept damp in a warm parlour. 
*,* Communications reaching town after Wednesday cannot 
be answered the same week. 
8 
SBlarkets, 
POTATOES.—SouTHWARK, WATERSIDE, Nov. 30, 
Since our last the supply has been more liberal, and the 
demand is somewhat brisker. The weatber has set in very 
cold, and should it continue, we may expect an advance in our 
present prices. 
York Regents, 130s to 1608 
Shaws, 1208 to 1408 
Do. Kidneys, 100s to 1308 
Do. Kent and Essex Regents; 140s to 1808 
Lincolnshire Regents, 120s to 1408 Do. Shaws, 120s to 1403 
Cambridgeshire Regents, 120sto 140s | Do. Kidneys, 1408 
Do, Shaws, 1208 to 1408 French Whites, 1008 to 1208 
Rictarp Hanns, 
SMITHFIELD, Monpvay, Nov. 30,—Per Stone of 8 Ibs, 
Boat Scots, Herefords, &c. 4a 2to 4s al Best Long-woole = 
Best Short Horns 810 4 0 Ditto (shorn) ~ - 
Second quality Beasts - 8 0 3 8| Ewernnd second quailty 4 0 4 4 
Calves) - o. 8 e 476 oj Ditto (shorn) ~ = - 
Best Downs&Half-breds 5 0 5 4| Lamba - = © - = = 
Ditto (shorn) ~- — Pigs - - - -43 84 
a considerable increase in the number of Beasts, the 
supply of Sheep is not Jarge—neisher ie the demand. Trade is slow as 
above quotations. We have nearly 4000 from Holland and Germany. 
is brisk for Caives—a choice one readily makes bs, Pigs meet a readier sale. 
Beasts, 4164; Sheep and Lambs, 26,140; Calves, 83; Piga; 840. 
RIDAY, Dec, 4, 
Wehave again a large supply of Beasts—but the demand being also exten- 
sive, Monday’s prices nd in some instances have been 
exceeded in the choicest qualities—a. superior Seat is worth nearly 4s 6d. 
though. 
s 
xj 
BE 
= 
3 
3 
‘There are about 300 from Hollan Al we have very few 
Sheep on offe '—Friday’s demand has become so fgnimporente 
which is usual at this time of year), that th can be solde 
$ more than 
tices remain about the same s on Monday for all descriptions, ‘Trade for 
i 10 4s N 
Pigs consinnes to be ae good. ‘cui 
; bs, 2760; Calves, 197; Pign, 990. 
Beasts; 1082; Sheep and Lambs, 271 PER 
