X ucc 
$24 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
[Drc. 12, 
say 40° to 45? at night, and to leave a little back and 
front air all night. The front must be very moderate, 
er the atmospheric moisture instead of passing quietly 
away by the back apertures, will be condensed as it 
arises. With a good roof covering 40° would be amply 
sufficient, and then there would be sufficient atmospheric 
moisture at all times, without the special application of 
water. Mixed Greenhouse.—Sce that the young stock 
ef Heliotropiums, scarlet Pelargoniums, Persian 
yelamens, with other flowers, grown especially for 
winter, have nice light situations, and regular 
attention as regards watering, Let Ericas have 
elese attention as to watering, if they stand unfor- 
tunately near flues or pipes, they become 
suddenly very dry. Keep up a quiet ventilation’ day 
and night if possible; let the air stealin moderately, 
and dispense with strong fires—or, indeed, of any kind, 
"hen the temperature ean be kept within the limits 
without them. Do not water the Pelargoniums until they 
are thoroughly dry, and take care to fumigate frequently 
and slightly. Forcing Pit or Frame.—This is a good 
time to introduce the following things, provided, as I 
Before observed, they have received the necessary 
treatment through the summer: Rhododendrons, 
Azaleas, both American and Chinese, Persian Lilacs, 
Sweet Briars, Moss and Provins Roses, crimson 
Perpetual Roses, Ledums, Kalmias, Anne Boleyn 
Pinks, Wallfiowers, Sweet Williams, Dutch Bulbs, 
&e., &e. Unless, however, they are in proper 
trim, it will be labour in vain, and no mode 
af forcing, nor form of pit, can, compensate for 
this ; the great secret in the affair, if the heat be wholly 
eomposed of fermenting materials, is to keep down accu- 
mulating damp and mouldness, by an almost constant 
ventilation ; increasing the linings in order to raise the 
mecessary temperature: those who possess tank houses 
ar pits, will pursue a somewhat different process ; such 
ill searcely need my advice. Cold Pits or Frames.— 
We have had about a week of wintry weather here, 
during which the thermometer has several times indi- 
cated from 10 to 12 degrees of frost. Our pits 
and frames containing stores for next summer, were 
matted down at the commencement, and strawed over. 
The thermometer in one of them has been from 32° to 
36° nearly the whole of the time ; they have never 
been uncovered, but have had the back of the lights 
tilted most days for a couple of hours. On looking in 
at the commencement of the thaw, I find that although 
they had been slightly frozen, they are just as fresh as 
when shut up, I have turned up the ends of the mats 
to inure them gradually to the light: this is a most 
important affair. k 
KITCHEN GARDEN FORCING. 
Pines.—Winter watering of Pines in pots is of rather 
doubtful character ; a better way with general stock in 
pots is to cover over the pots with tan two or three 
inches thick, provided the bottom heat will permit 
such proceeding. Early Vines, Peaches, &c.—1f any 
portion of the stem of the Vines now in forcing is near 
the influenee of the flues or pipes, such should be bound 
with moss, old mat, or any other material, to ward off 
the dry heat. Keep the temperature at present down 
to 60° in the case of sunshine in the day time, sinking 
to 50° at night. Do not give air unless to depress the 
thermometer, or to avoid a superabundance of rank 
steam from fermenting matter. Let the syringe be 
applied two or three times a day, suffering the wood to 
become dry between the applications. Strawberries.— 
Where these must be obtained as early as possible, say 
by the end of February, alot should now be introduced. 
Unless their buds are perfect through early cultivation, 
thorough ripening, and careful protection of their roots 
from frosts, it is ten to one they prove an abortion. 
Any house or pit will do for the first three weeks, pro- 
vided a temperature of 45° to 50° can; be maintained, 
with a moist atmosphere, Let them by all means have 
as light a situation as possible at all times. Vines, 
Peaches, Yc., in pots.—Pursue similar principles to 
those recommended for the Vinery and Peach-house, 
except that a’ bottom heat of 70? to 75° will be greatly 
in their favour. JMushroom-house.—1 had intended to 
say a few words about the management of this house, 
after the introduction of so many things, such as Sea- 
kale, Chicory, Rhubarb, &c., I must, however, defer my 
observations until next week. 
FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 
I have said nothing special about the protection of 
tender Roses hitherto, believing that they should be 
made to endure a little frost at the early part of the 
winter, No time should now be lost in affording them 
protection. The tops of standards, worked on ordinary 
stocks, may be protected by wisps of straw, bound 
amongst and over their branches, or by tight canopies 
firmly fixed, according to the principles laid down for 
the protection of tender plants in the Calendar for the | 
last week in October. Beds or masses of Hybrid Per- | 
petuals, Teas, or other tender kinds, should have some 
porous material strewed amongst them, to protect the 
collar, Old exhausted tan from the Pine pits, clean 
viddled—using the coarse particles—is very good. New 
sawdust may do also, or even a good coating of hali- 
decayed leaves. Four or five inches of such materials 
will at least secure the collar safe in the event of a very 
seyere winter. If it is desirable to protect the tops 
altogether, mats, thrown lightly on them, covered over 
with straw, will suffice, taking care, on the breaking up 
of frost, to observe the thawing principles laid down | 
in the Kitchen Garden portion of the Calendar, 
Y KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD. | 
Continue to trench, dig, and ridge every spare inch | 
of ground when frost permits ; this is particularly to be 
observed in gardens inclining to a clayey texture. If 
the frost continues let the manure necessary be wheeled 
out for the whole of the spring cropping, laying it in 
heaps, either on the spot, or as near as possible to it. 
That portion not required for immediate digging in 
should be piled in small mounds and soiled over, to 
prevent loss by evaporation, With regard to the ex- 
posure of tender vegetables on the breaking up of frost, 
let me not be misunderstood in the directions I gave in 
last Calendar : * Do not uncover them until completely 
thawed." Such was the advice there offered, in addi- 
tion I say, do not entirely uncover them suddenly even 
then ; leave a very light screen of straw on them for a 
Sen or two, in order to inure them gradually to sun- 
light. 
FORESTING. 
Planting of all kinds, lately suspended by frost, may 
now be resumed for awhile, if the thaw continues—es- 
pecially where ground is in a mellow state. Youn 
plantations must not be forgotten. The thinning out 
necessary may be proceeded with at any time ; as also 
the cutting over of stunted young Oaks. The dubbing, 
cutting, or plashing of hedges, must be seen to ; as also 
making new hedge-rows. Overgrown hedges should 
now be severely cut in. 
State of se Nias near London, e week ending Deo. 10, 1843, as 
o k 
for th 
ser ved at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick 
Rain 
- | 30.001 | 29:861 | als| 90.7! 25.5 
Doc. 4—Sharp frost; cloudy and fine; clear at night 
5--Clear and fine; overcast 
6—Ch fine; cloudy ; clear ; slight frost 
—Cls 
7—Fine; cloudy 
8—Cloudy ; fine; cast 
9—Slightly overcast; drizzly; rain at night 
10—Rain; densely over 
Mean temperature of the week 5} deg. below the average. 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 20 years, for tha” 
ensuing Week ending Dev. 19, 1046. 
No, of | Prevaili 
Aver. | Aver. | yr, AT | Greatest 
Doo. Highest Lowest Templ whiohie | quantity |, a 
"Temp. | Temp. |^ oP! whic! of Rain. |^ 
mal l N-W. 
The highest tem 
perature during the thove period ocourred on the 17th‘ 
and theloweston the 18h, 1841—therra. 16% 
1843—therm. 57 
Wotices to Correspondent 
resin, two of bees’ wax, one of hogs’ lard, and one of turpen- 
tine. These should be melted, well mixed, and spread on 
brown paper, or some more durable material, which should 
be cut into slips. Peaches next week.t 
Heatine—Cork—You will find it very inconvenient to heat a 
conservatory from a kitchen range for a reason given to a 
correspondent under *' Pears”; nor will you be a gainer in 
Hopr-roLrs—Anon—Plant the Chestnuts 5 feet apart, Expe- 
rience seems to show that to be the most economical and ad- 
vantageous distance. 
Insects—H M—Plack Currant bushes are very subject to the 
1, page 779. 42. —— —' 
Spence’s ‘ Introduction to Entomology " ought to supply you 
with the information you require. R.—R /—Before gluing 
fested with maggots, the only remedy is to put them for 20 
minutes into an oven, not hot enough to singe a feather or 
discolour white 
i&Ab—L--Cast-iron pipes and cisterns are unobjectionable ; 
but a slate cistern is cheaper and much better; or can 
not build one of the morticed tiles made by Copeland and 
Garratt, and now employed in the baths, &c., for the poor. 
We cannot tell their price. 
Morrnotoey—J @—Thanks. Such things are not uncommon. 
Names or PLANTS—When plants are sent to be named, it is 
most particularly requested that they may be in flower, and 
s perfect as circumstances permit. Most especially is it 
requested that the country whence they have been received, 
and whether they are annuals, perennials, or shrubs, hardy, 
greenhouse, or stove plants may be stated ; because speci- 
mens by post are generally bad and incomplete, and much 
valuable time, which such information would save, is need- 
lessly wasted.—R Errington—The fruit of some species of 
Mesembryanthemum.— -6 W, Leeds—Plants cannot be 
named from pen and ink serawls, especially if accompanied 
by illegible writing ——An Old Sub—Your plant is some 
coarse sedge ; apparently Carex intermedia. It resembles the 
Tussac Grass in its growth; but itis quite different. The 
Tussac Grass is a true Grass, more near our Wood Fescue, 
and is called Festuca flabellata.—— C A B—A very fine spe- 
cimen of Oncidium ciliatum ; that figured in the ‘ Botanical 
Register? was a miserable bit. 2, 3,4, Maxillaria punctata ; 
5, M. picta ; 6, Acacia Gunnii. 
Nours—Z H—In rich soil, such as you describe, it is difficult to 
bring Nut-trees into an early bearing state. If you cut them 
down, they will again grow vigorous]; for years. 
Thin the branches now ; and shorten the young shoots one 
half their length at midsummer. he remaining por- 
tions, fruitful laterals will proceed. 
PALIURUS acuLEatos—P A—This is a deciduous shrub, armed 
with strong hooked thorns ; itis hardy near London, in warm 
situations, except in very severe winters, It grows about as 
fast as a Holl; It prefers light soil. We do not know its 
habits in calcareous land. Propagate it by seeds, easily pro- 
cured from Italy, where it is used for hedges. 
Pracu TREEs—A—Your recently planted trees which now ex- 
e 
RONICLE for Advertising, we have to request that all Post- 
office orders may in future be addressed to Mr. JAMES MAT- 
cvnEws, 5, Upper Wellington-street, Covent-garden, and made 
payable at the Post-ofüce, 180, Strand, London. Post-office 
orders, remitted by subscribers for the Paper, should be sent 
to the respective Agents who supply them, 
AcHIMENES— Clericus— Wash off the flowers of sulphur and do 
not apply it again unless the disease re-appears.* 
Booxs—@ i way to recommend Christmas 
presents, but, as far as we can judge, Miss Loudon's ‘ Tales 
for Young People" are the very thing you want, amusing, 
and well suited to the capacity of young people, besides which 
it has some clever woodcuts. 
Brrs—C H B-—Drain out your proceeds of honey-combs 
through a fine sieve or muslin bag, in a warm room or near 
a fire. otherwise the honey will not readily run, Wash the 
refuse comb into a vessel of cold water and mix it with your 
mead, To obtain wax, boil the combs in a strong muslin 
bag in a saucepan, with water sufficient to keep the bag from 
burning, and whilst boiling continue to press the bag with a 
wooden spoon to extract the whole as you skim. Drop the 
wax into cold water where it will swim on the surface. The 
wax thus obtained will still want refining, to effect which 
place it in a clean saucepan and melt it over a slow fire, then 
pour off the clear wax into proper vessels, en mead is 
obtained from pure honey, allow about 4 Ibs. to a gallon of 
turn it and Jet it stand till it is fine and old enough to drink. 
hen mead is made from honey-combs, dissolve them 
in warm water till an e i im i 
breadth of a shilling. Be careful before you break the combs 
into a sieve or strainer to separate all the young bees and 
pollen, otherwise that will give the mead a bad taste, Boil 
and skim as before.—W. 
Emicrants—¥ B—To take Peaches to Georgia, is to carry 
coals to Newcastle. All tender annuals will grow there, so 
that you cannot go wrong. As to Vines, the Frontignans, 
Muscats, and Indian Grapes will answer best. 
ENTYKOPROLEON—Mr. Parker's letter is an Advertisement, We 
have nothing to retract, but something to add if necessary. 
ExminrTIONS—Subseriber—Y ou can show fancy Pelargoniums 
in what sized pots you please ; there are no regulations of any 
sort respecting them except that they must be shown in sizes, 
that is to say six plants at a time, neither more nor less. 
Frurr AND KITCHEN Garpen—Xwell—Trench 3 feet deep, 
taking care that an evenly sloping bottom be formed towards 
i These should be 5 feet deep, and from 18 inches to 
2 feet in width, according to the nature of the materials you 
may have at command, None are better than stones laid so 
as to form a good cavity at the bottom, and filling up with 
the smaller to the height of a foot above the bottom of the 
trenching, covering with turf or hea! o prevent the earth 
from choking the drainage. A deep surrounding drain will 
probably render few necessary within the area. || 
FnuirT-TREES—AÀ tant Reader—The following will be suit- 
ably included amongst the kinds you require for your small 
orchard :—Apples: Bedfordshire Foundiing, Blenheim Pip- 
pin, Cockle Pippin, Dumelow’s Seedling, Golden Harvey, 
Hawthornden, Braddick’s Nonpareil, Early Nonpareil, Clay- 
gate Pearmain, Scarlet Nonpareil, Court Pendu Plat, Worms- 
ley Pippin, Reinette du Canada, Alfriston, Sturmer Pippin. 
Pears: Aston Town, Beurré Bose, Marie Louise, Glout 
Morceau, Thompson's, Knight’s Monarch, Beurré Diel, 
Winter Nelis, Easter Beurré, Beurré Rance, Jean de Witte, 
Ithorp Crassane, Passe ar. || 
GRAFTING—A Junior—Clay is preferable to grafting wax. T 
latter consists of four proportions, by weight, of pitch, four of 
great objection to using the hot plate of a kitchen for heating 
a conservatory is that one is often wanted when the other is 
not. It isa pennywise arrangement. No one can execute 
such work satisfactori: y, for that reason. —— C B— Only Fel- 
lows of the Horticultural Society can obtain supplies from 
their garden. W recommend tradesmen; any 
respectable nurseryman can procure what you want, if he 
en! 
uch obliged, care to publish 
names as soon as there is enough of them.—— 6G H—We are 
perfectly aware that this method was first applied by Mr. 
Haden to a Church in Scotland; we expressly said England. 
But we are of opinion that it is desirable to i 
mentally whether better details cannot be hii 
notsend your guinea to assist in working out the problem ? 
—— Some letters on this subject are unavoidably deferred, in 
consequence of Mr. Kendall's interesting letter: 
Porar A Constant Reader- is subjectis wearing 
away quite as fast as it ought. st deal of nonsense 
and rubbish has been published about it is most true; but 
out of such materials information is to be elicited. e do 
not at all dispute your view of the cause, but such views will 
never lead to the improvement of the cultivation of any plant. 
What can be so important a question as that of food? Just 
look at Ireland.—— C T caisne's pamphlet is entitled 
“ Histoire de la Maladie des Pommes de Terre,” in 1845, 
8, Dusaeq. abstract in French of Harting's paper 
be found in the ‘‘ Annales des Sciences," 3d series, vi., 
42 ; the original is, we believe, in Dutch, and unpublished. 
Payen's papers are scattered through the “‘ Comptes rendus," 
There are many other works; and any one who pretends to 
be able to write a bock upon the Potato disease should be 
acquainted with them all. Many are in German; most of 
which have been abstracted by ourselves, Potato literature 
is already very extensive. 
RosEs—W D S—Sow the seed in a warm, light border early in 
the spring, about an inch deep, and wait the event. Such 
seedlings as come up may be treated like other hard-wooded 
Frost will not have hurt the seeds, 
Pa 
will 
cannot be given in a Newspaper. 
e best course for you to 
take is to ascertain by the Index of the “ Vegetable Kingdom ” 
to what natural orders your unknown names belong, and 
then to judge for yourself of the likelihood of a plant turning 
out well. They appear to be Van Diemen's land plants ; and 
they are all tolerably hardy in the mild parts of England and 
SWEETBRIAR—A H—You had better sow it in a bed, and make 
your hedge with the seedlings. If you attempttosow a hedge, 
you will probably find it full of gaps, unless you sow it much. 
broader than is necessary. seeds come up irregularly, 
and one after the other for a couple of years. 
Misc— Clericus— Angelonia grandiflora is a tender plant.[—— 
Ewell—The manuscript is left for you at our office. It is not 
worth publication.——Z— Triadenium signifies having three 
glands. Four volumes have appeared of Kunth's ** Enumera- 
tion ;” the last was occupied with Lilyworts, We do not 
give prices. —— W Baker—N ext week.t 
SEEDLING FLOWERS. » 
FucnsiA—W D—Your seedling has a good corolla, and is a 
fair flower, but it wants contrast in the colours, and it does 
not surpass many that are already cultivated.* 
