830 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[Drc. 12, 
inspecting the farm and improvements “of Mr. Cobb. 
who has entered with spirit on the thorough improve- 
ment of his farm, by frequent or thorough-draining, on 
the Deanston system, straightening crooked, and level- 
ling the unnecessary large fences. Oa one part of his 
farm, in fact, he has retained scarcely any fences at all 
—added to these, the taking in and reclaiming a quan- 
tity of waste ground, whieh, i in many places, lay on each 
side of the bridle or parish roads, These improve- 
ments have been well performed, on scientific principles 
—no expense has been spared—still, there has not been 
one penny wasted, 
The farm of Mr. Cobb was all drained about 24 years 
ago, on the old system. For a number of years after 
the drains were put in, the land was pre tty dry, but 
they were losing their effect, when Mr. Cobb began, 
about five years ago, to drain on the Deanston system. 
For the first three years, he made the drains feet 
deep, with 15 inches of stones—but since that period, 
he has drained at 3 feet deep, with 12 to 15 ie of 
stones, which he considered, after all his experience, to 
be the best method. The drains are generally put at 
36 feet apart—sometimes 18 feet—but he has found it 
wiil be necessary, on all the thin moorish land, where 
the drains are 36 feet apart, to put another drain be 
tween them—he has already made upwards of 30 miles 
of drains, and still continues annually to carry on the 
system ; the drains are all laid with stones, having a 
quarry in the neighbourhood, and there being no tile- 
work where tiles are sold near the farm. Mr. Cobb 
says that he is repaid the outlay of draining, in two 
years, or three, at the outside. Is if not ang surpris- 
ing that farmers and proprietors are so blind to their 
own interest, that they will not drain, subsoil, trench, 
and deeply work their land, when they have the num- 
bers upon numbers of authentic statements of those 
enterprising farmers and proprietors who have adopted 
those improvements? It cannot be supposed that a 
sensible tenant farmer, such as Mr. Cobb, would, year 
after year, continue these improvements, if he found 
that he lost, or did not make money. His stake in the 
land is great, as may be inferred, from the fact, that 
his yearly rent is between 12007. and 1300/—he ha: 
been farming now upwards of 40 years, and bas risen 
from a farm of 40 acres to one of 500, and that within 
two miles of Dundee; it cannot be urged that he has had 
no experience. 
Mr. Cobb's farm being situated so elose to Dundee, 
he is enabled to procure any quantity of manure at 4s. 
er ton. The rotation of crops is somewhat. peculiar, 
ut well adapted for the situation, as nearly all the crops 
are sold to the towns-people. Thé course consists of the 
following crops :— 
i 
3d. Common Oats, with 3 cwt. guano. 
4th. Turnips, with 15 tons of dung, and 2} 
guano. 
5th. Barley, with 3 cwt. of guano, 
6th. Potatoes, subsoiled, and about 28 tons of dung. 
7th. Wheat, with 10 tons of dung, sown out in spring 
with Grass seeds. 
There are only cows kept for the use of the farm, 
and nine pairs of horses, with another pair partly em- 
ployed on the farm and partly in carting to and from a 
corn mill, whieh Mr. Cobb also owns. All the Grass is 
sold growing to the carters, cow-feeders, &c., of Dundee, 
except what is necessary for the keep of the horses and 
cows on the farm. The latter are fed in the house. 
The Potato Oats, No. 2, are also sold growing, with the 
exception of about 10 aeres, whieh are usually kept for 
seed. The Turnips are also disposed of to the towns- 
people, with the exception of about 15 acres, which are 
kept for the cows, and 30 head of cattle, wintered in the 
straw-yard. These cattle are disposed of in spring. 
The Potatoes are divided into small lots, and sold grow- 
ing to the poor people and others of the town. The 
sale of the crops is effected by auction, or, as they term 
it in Scotland, by roup. The number of horses kept 
may appearlarge; but thisnumber becomes necessary, 
as all the sold produce of the farm must be delivered in 
the town to the purchasers. The horses on no account 
return without bringing to the farm the manure of the 
town. Some of the farmers of the neighbourhood only 
sell a part of their green crops, feeding the remainder 
at home with mileh-cows, selling the milk and butter in 
Dundee. Mr. Cobb is particularly fortunate in being 
able to sell any part of his growing corn crop, as most 
of the farmers in the district are prohibited by their 
leases from selling fodder off their farms. The cow- 
feeders and carters, &e., have therefore great difficulty 
in procuring straw, and give a high price for it to those 
farmers who are not bound so strictly by their leases. 
To the draining is added stieg the land for the 
next crop or two after, when the land has been dried in 
a sufficient manner. It is an error too often committed, 
and one that has brought subsoiling into disrepute, to 
subsoil immediately after draining, and before the drains 
have been able to even partially dry the land, At least 
7 
cwt. of 
obb, | will be seen that the working and pulverising of the | 
subsoil made an excellent retainer of the moisture, | 
there being no outlet for its escape. The field could | 
not be cultivated till it had been thoroughly drained, 
Mr. Cobb is so convinced of the efficiency of sub- 
soiling that he performs this operation every rotation. 
He finds the preparation of the land for the Potato crop | 
the most convenient time. 
In levelling the fences that are inconvenient or | 
crooked, or too large, Mr. Cobb has first the grip | 
cleaned" out, aud in it builds a gullet 6 ins, wide by| 
10 ins, high’ 3 this is used, if found convenient, for 
main or receiving drain for the drains of the fields. The 
ground is then levelled, leaving only a bank and hedge, 
or if the fence be not required, it is entirely removed. 
The waste moor he reclaims by first enclosing, 
then trenching to the depth of 3 feet, removing all the 
stones, and using them to drain with, He was in the 
habit of putting the drains on the moor 36 feet apart ; 
in future he will adopt 18. He showed me a piece of this 
moor that he had brought into cultivation two years ago; 
the cost of trenching and draining which was 127. p. aere. 
The first crop, Oats, sold by auction for 127. per acre. 
Thus one erop nearly paid the outlay of reclaiming. I 
am sure nothing could be more uninviting than the part 
of this moor which still remains in its natural state. 
The cold, inhospitable, wet look, the scanty thin Grass, 
the stunted rushes, and stagnant pools of water, sug- 
gest the idea of a great coat and thick shoes—not 
luxuriant crops and ample profits. The soil is about, 
at the utmost, 4 inches in depth, resting on a cold, wet, 
retentive clay, into which, in its natural state, no ‘plant | È 
could or would attempt to extend its roots. No person, 
let his land be what it may, ought to despair of reclaim- 
ing it, after he sees what this enterprising farmer has 
been able to accomplish with so very unprepossessing a 
piece of land. 
I had almost forgotten to mention, that Mr. Cobb 
has made through his farm good and well-made roads, 
running in such a direction, that they pass by every 
field. This is a great saving in horse Jabour. 1 wish 
our farmers and landed proprietors would take pattern 
from their brothers on this side of the water, and when 
they have roads to make for their own convenience, and 
that of their tenantry, that they. would make themselves 
and not job on the grand juries, and get these roads 
made at the expense of the barony. One would think 
that the poor people of Ireland were immensely rich, to 
see the way they are drained of their money by their 
trading patriots, their jobbing resident gentry, their 
absentee landlords. — David F. Jones, Edinburgh, | n 
abridged from Irish Farmers) Journal. 
Miscellaneous. 
Instance of Grass-land broken up.—In 1845 this 
farmer broke up a piece of land, and for the purpose of 
ascertaining what would “answer best," he pared and 
burned the sward of the entire piece, and spread the 
ashes. He then sowed half of it with Turnips, and had 
them breast-ploughed in, covering the seed lightly with 
little more than the ashes, and had an excellent crop. 
The other half was ploughed twice or three times, and 
harrowed and dragged, with the view of doing it well, 
and reducing it to a fine state previous to sowing Tur- 
nips. The Turnips were sown with the land in nice 
order, soon after the others just mentioned, and he had 
nothing. The soil was a light darkish loam, inclining 
a little to peat, on gravel, with a subsoil of Oxford clay 
some feet under. Me: Bravender, in Eng. Ag. Soc. Jour, 
Notices to Corresponden) 
Diseases or PouLTRY—We have mud the aes of D SE. 
Mgr il e kind enough to give 
MILK C: ——We cannot i ERE the falling off in the 
dos 
Pias—J L—You may mix some Linseed-meal with the pollards 
and Pea-meal. Boilitupinto a thin MUT, and ub ur it over 
the Swedes before yous give them, Give ti Bey neos at 
first starting, and increase it. d a piece a 
day. Kon cannot ae 30s. a ton of Belgian ond by feed- 
ing t 
sons "D F—A known correspondent recommends Biggs’ 
composition, from experience of its efficiency. 
Sourn Devon Fanw—A Would-be Farmer—Excuse a week's 
WEE or Water—@ W, Leeds—A cubic foot weighs about 
623 1bs., and contains about 7.48 wine-gallons, or "about 6.3 
gonna) allons. 
*,* Communications Mad town after Wednesday cannot 
be answered the same wee 
A 
SMarkets, 
ES. OUTHWARK, WATERSIDE, Dec 
upply rhe the past week pus upringipally fr Ms York, 
ut 
Cambridgeshire, and for season may be con- 
sidered liberal. Some cargoes have eg arrived from France, 
and although most of the vessels have had a long passage, the 
Potatoes have been in good condition ; therefore it is generally 
considered that for the remaining part of the season they may 
be shipped with safety in sailing vessels. 
York Regents, 1203 to 1603 Cenprld geshtee Kidneys, 10010 1308 
AANE and 
o. Shaws, 1208 to 14 t oul Essex Regents, 1408 to 1803 
incolnshire Regents, 1 wp 1808 $0 
Cambridgeshire Mrs, Tea Taos Do. Rianeys s, 
Do. Shaws, 120s to 1408 French Whiten Te to 1208 
HARD HARRIS, 
a year should intervene between the two operati The 
time must be extended according to the nature of 
the soil, On no account must the subsoil be in any 
way stirred previous to the drainage. I remember a 
field of good and naturally pretty dry soil, which the 
farmer thought was quite dry enough to subsoil without 
previous draining. The subsoil plough was used, and 
the ground stirred to the depth of 18 ins. After the 
first heavy fall of rain the land became in such a state 
a the horses could not work in the field, each foot 
sinking to the depth of 12 or 14 ins. into the soil. Tt 
HAY,—Per Load of 36 Trusses. 
SMITHFIELD, Dec. 10, 
Prime Mend Hey 70s.to 8e New Hay zo ato 
Infr.New & Rowen 40 Olover ^ 80 
Jos Seago Salesman, 
WHITECHAPEL, Dec. 10. 
COVENT GARDEN, Dec, 12.—Fruit and Vegetables are suffi- 
| cient for the demand ; but trade is far from being brisk. Pine- 
apples are scarcer, and likely to become dearer, and Grapes, 
both English and Fo oreign, are scarce—the former rising in 
price. Apples and Pears have not altered since lasi 
the latter are rather ior plentiful, 
in quality and brought in greater abundance ; 
RET iy WEE good prices. Nuts are sufficient "for the de- 
uts are scarcer, and there is little demand for 
Filberts, Demans are rather bucse ie Of Vegetables, 
Cabbages, Cauliflowers, &c., are good and plentiful, Carrots 
and Turnips have altered but lit fe in price. A few F: 
Benny have made their appearance. Celery is good in quality. 
Good Potatoes are scarce. Lettuces and other Salading are 
| plentiful. Horseradish continues to be imported. Cut Flowers 
chiefly consist of Heat! , Jasmines, Camellias, Pelargoniums, 
Gardenias, ee Neapol litam Viole ts, Luculia gratissima, Big- 
nonia radican: an Nar cissus, Allamanda cathartica, 
Fuchsias, Tee Au Roses. 
FRUITS, 
Pine Apple, perib., 4 | Almonds, por peck, 6 
Grapos, Hothouse, "fa As 10.88 
Pears, 
Oranges, per "dozen, 1s to 2 
per 100, bs to 146 Walnu 16s to 248 
Lemons; Verdad la e E usu per ES ‘as to 7 
6s to 14. 
VEGETABLES 
Cabbager, per dons, 6d to 1# 6d Shallots, per Ib.'6d to 102 
ed, per doz, 1s to 8s Garlic, 
Savoy: od to 15 6d. Spinach, f uP es 
Broccoli, bundles Seto 28s | Asvaragus, 
UTE, per doz, Seakale pe 
Artichoke [^ if. bundle, i K 
French Bes) Que ias ioe ed 
ETWAS TET r4 to 0d NTR ko PEGI Jagd to 2464 
otatoon, per ton, 6L to Lettuce, Cos, per score, d. 
mee Gate Endive, par aontas Ad TO Ieee 
hel, Bs to 5s Radishes, per doz bunches, 1s Wed 
Kidney, per bushel, 4sto5e | Mushrooms, per pottle, 9d ad 
Turnip, per doz. bunches, 1sto 9s | Small Salade, per punnet, 2d to 8d 
Beet, per doz., ód to la 6d Fennel, per bunch, Zd to 3d 
e iá " 
arsley, per bunch, 1d to3 
‘Roots, E dl, lato le 6d 
Tarragon, per bunel 
{ Mises ree, per Bee oa to 8d 
, per bunch, 3d to 4d 
riga E EE MoxpAY, Dec. 7.—Per Stone of 8 Ibs, 
BeasScots, Horefords, &o.3e 10t0 4s 9| Best Long-wools - = 4s 6104 8 
Benes ort Horns Ditto (shorn) - 
800 quality Beasts - 5 n x8 4| Ewesnnd second Quality 1. o 44 
Calves 5 0 Ditto (shorn) = 
est ‘Downs & Half. "reda 4 » 5 2| Lambs D - 
T * Wu DIM PT 
«The suppl 
cept oh the arent marker eene a 
lleve was ever kno 
The second-ra-e are difficult to be 
disposed of at a reduction, and many remsin unsold. We Ju ve more 
sheep shan of late, trade is exceedingly duil— me 
rios for best Downs, Bo, and 4s 8a for the best Im^ Posie Gaines eid 
Er gu Holland and Germany we have nearly 800 
Bonato, and about 14 
‘Beasts, 4608; "Sleep [n os 27,900 ; ae 108; Pigs, 950. 
Fripay, Dec. 1 
Next Monday being the great Ci tesi 
s doing here to-aay. The ni iae. fi aai], audi Rei Ge KE 
qualities malp rather more money... Best Sopta, dd» make ds to 4e dd, and 
the most selling Short-horns, s aa to nearly z^ bs n aim. 
culty mi itle morethan 
Sheep, they cannot be all 
What few sales are effected ma 
rather lowe: of natn more ener: t 
Trade for Pigs in very heavy, at a xc IRR abs aa per DON 
Beasts, 8635 Sheep and Lambs 2070; Calves, 1905 Pigs 
s Went £ Smithfield. 
Tis there is not much busi- 
ET OPS, Din Dec. 1. 
The Markot continues fim with a good demand: 
po œ Sura, Hop-Factors. 
ARK-LANE, Monpay, Dec. 
There was rather a better supply "of atin Wheat this 
morning, which excepting a few of the very finest samples met 
a slow sale at a decline of 1s per qr. ; some quantity remained 
unsold towards the close of mess market. Good free Foreign a 
very limited sale at late prices; low and ph. Sem E 
ted, and command an advance of Is to 2s per qr. nded 
finds occasional buyers for France.—Best S is we nee qr. 
cheaper ; See ay qualities Chen at 2: 2s pe qr. decline, —Beans 
are Is s per lower, an hite s per qr., without in- 
quiry. Maple fully as dear.—Oats are heavy at our 
MED continues to be much wanted for Ireland, and is taken 
at 1s r. advance.—Fine duos is neglected ; but 
coarse anes are freely taken for Irelau 
A mud QUARTER. P 8. $. S 
Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Sufolk TAE CECE Red . 52 68 
"Norfolk, UK DIT Yorkshire —, 60 4 
Barley, Maltin ng and distilling. 34sto 40s Chevalier P 
Oats, Lincolnshire an nd Yorkshire . . Polands ?8 88 Feed 26 29 
eat ast i oih Feed 27 80 Potato 32 34 
Potato 98 32 
Bae i git ager dE 
Doc PRA Aes 
- 40 44 
Beans, Masigany oldand new 26 1040 © ‘Tick 88, 41 
leiigoland 44 to 48 Winds 55 70 Longpodas 46 
Peas, White "M « 48 to 60 d 42 48 Grey 38 44 
ARRIVALS THIS WEE! 
Wheat arley " Onta Flour 
English « « 16540 4080 $480 Sks 
Irish P1 s; — — 2710 — 
Foreign . . 10010 11890;brls 
= 7880 
Fripay, Dec. 
The English Wheat left over from. Monday has been cleared 
e dad fully equal to that t day's. "se Foreign of fine quality 
improved demand, and p are in favour of the 
eren Petersburg, Polish "item pex inferior, have been ex- 
tensively purchased at an advance of 2s to 3s per qr. Bonded 
is sought after at rather more woo NA ER is a dull 
sale; pecan an cual nee Ree our quotati —Beans are 
unaltered. White Peas, which ou Wednesday AS unsaleable, 
sell COMO at the rates of Mond, ay last; other Food fully as 
dear.—Oats are a more free sale. is in improved re- 
quest at advancing prices ; Meal for Ireland must P written 
Uae 6d to 208 per ton highe er.—Maize afloat difficult to be met 
; but forforward shipment 3s to Ps per qr. dearer. 
IMPERIAL AVERAGES, 
Wheat. Barley.| Gate. Rye. | Beans. ens. 
Oct. n m Quarter, 2 4 E 4ls ld| 46s 1d] 50s 8d 
Nov. 4l 5| 4676 | 5011 
ae M [rt 42 4 |.4610 | 5010 
- LIC x8 ate a 7 4920 
> F7 T ii 41 2]| 4510 ]| 47:6 
DEM I era 49 B 48 0 
, 6 
6 weeks’ Aggrog. Avers 42.4| 46 2] 49 
Duties on Foreign Grain’ 20! 20] 20 
Fluctuations in last six week’s Corn Averages. 
‘Nov. al. | Nov. 28 | Dxo. 5- 
Pura, | Ocr al | Nov.7 | Noy. 14. 
62s 3d .. 
611 
6l 5 E 
59 oo 
59 7 oe 
59 0 ae 
Fine Old Hi . es to 768] Old Clover 908 e 95s 
Inferior Hay © Inferior — 7» — 80 Straw 26s to 895 
New Hay w Clover 
" quado very dull at the above quotations. 
Ov LAND MARKET, Dec. 10. 
„Hay 70e Te 78:| 014 Clover Sisto 9d» 
Tra on PRA anie ag [iter 75 BA [Straw 02at0 is 
NewHay - i~ yw Clover — 
JosuuA Baxar, Hay Salesman, 
EEuNosronp ann Lax ii 
