THE 
AGRICULTURAL 
GAZETTE. 
[Dec. 26, ` 
‘but kept better in store than any other plant of its kind, It 
ight be sown in drills, or raised in beds, an 
like Cabbages. 
i tama, 
‘or. mm aer 
crop that to grow it where these animals abou 1 
found impracticable. The Rev. Thomas Broughton, in a paper 
to be found in the seventh volume of the '* Bath and West of 
England Soeiety's Transactions,” described his success in cul- 
tivating the plant under unfavourable circumstances, In the 
spring, the produce was given to sheep, which were very fond 
die Part was saved for seed, and, having ripened, was cut 
about the middle of July, The average weight of the bulbs, Mr. 
Broughton found to be about 5 lbs. Many of them weighed 8 lbs. 
or 3 d some few l4 lbs. or 15 lbs. They possessed some 
S., AN 
advantages over the common. Turnip. They had a strong 
Ae crt 
Miscellaneous. 
The Elements of Disease may be made the Source of 
Fertility,—The very refuse of the materials which have 
served as food and clothing, to the inhabitants of ‘the 
crowded city, and which, if allowed to 
about 30 gallons in a second, so that the average daily 
discharge would be about 2 millions and a h of gal- 
lons), the average quantity of potass would be aboutra 
ton weight, and about the same quantity of phosphates 
of the earths pass off every day; i.e. about a ton of 
eae anil Gea No 
there, invariably and inevitably taint the air, and render 
it pestilential, promptly removed and spread out on the 
surface of the surrounding country, not only give it 
healthfulness, but clothe it with verdure, and endue it 
ith inex} ible’ fertility. Smith. The 
condition of large rural districts in the immediate 
vicinity of the towns, and of the poorest districts of the 
" 1 
ower of resistance s en- 
They were morenutritious than the 
is watery, the; 
after the seed had been cut as before. The leaves, not 
being bitter, like those of the Turnip, were more readily eaten 
by cattle. On the whole he could not butthink they would 
prove, upon trial, a very valuable article of fodder to the farmer. 
"The earlier the seed was sown in the spring, and the earlier, 
consequently, the plants were put out, the better; especially 
ox poor soils. In strong land, and wit ble season, 
the first summer; save oi n 
In good ground the rows might be from 3 to 5 
feet asunder, and not less than 3 feet in the rows. Great 
care must be taken not to plant too deep; and, when hoed, 
not to draw the mould too high on the stalks. A piece of 
Wheat stubble, between 2 and 3 acres, lying in a small 
common field, the soil a free-stone t, and its value about 
r acre; was twice ploughed, cleaned, and dunged. I 
was then ridged up in two-bout ridges, part having their 
3 feet distant from each other, onl, 
perches were cut in three different parts of the field, and. the 
weight found to. be as follows :— 
No: 1.—One square perch, ridges somewhat. more than 
3feet, plants 3 feet in the rows, seed sown 
middle o: m . ++ 1030. 
No. 2,—One square perch, ridges barely 3 feet, plants 
3 feet in rows, seed sown at the beginning of 
pril | +. m m ae ++ 10601b. 
No,.3.--One square perch, ridges about 2 feet, plants 
3 feet in rows, seed sown at the end of April. .1060Tb. 
‘The average weight was somewhat more than 18 tons per aere, 
‘On the 19th of December 40 large wether sheep were taken in, 
weighing onan average uj is of 25 Ibs. per quarter. A small 
piece of the Turnip-Cabbage was hurdled off for them, which 
they devoured very greedily, Late in thé evening they were 
driven back into a small paddock adjoining, about 2. 
which had before been eaten down 
wholly consumed, were afterwards eaten. The sheep were 
The quantity consumed was then 
a trifle more than a statute acre 
common Turnips in this respect, but likewise in wet weather, 
when the sheep were able to walk about among the bulbs with- 
out the least detriment or waste. On the 6th of January, and 
again at the close of the experiment, four of the sheep were 
weighed, with the following result :— 
B January 6, February 12, 
No. 1 weighed .. Ost. 41b. .. +» 9st, 141b, 
No. 2 on e+ Sst. 8lb. .. +» 8st, 191b, 
No. 3 I +» 9st. Sib, .. .. 9st, Ib, 
No.4 m + L08t, ITID. .. ++ 10st, 141b, 
Some of the sheep were weighed on a full stomach, in the first 
instance, and not half so full on the second, through 
never before seen the Kohl Rabi. 
.P., ha 
yt 1 n Royal Agricultural 
Society in Newcastle, that M. Latouche, the Dublin banker, 
gre 5 acres one year, to feed his cows, that he might 
have milk for his family which had no unpleasant taste. The 
n having been passed and acknowledged, Mr. Ramsay 
t iu June 
thatit would come to anything, 
at first but as it gradually rose higher and higher, he became 
showing to the Farmers’ Club. Atlength (without any manur- 
ing) it got-to the height of the garden-wall, and then'it ceased 
to grow in altitude; but, to- his surprise; it put out a shoot 
‘which’ became am ear, or cone, and 
arrived a {Here Mr. Ramsayidrew aside a leaf, 
and displayed a large. head of corn.) He had: no idea that 
such a. plant could have-been produced:in this’ country—espe- 
gialiy when sown so late. And he begged to remind the Clu 
Pooh corn had been selling in Liverpool market at 62s, 
uarter, 
towns , presents a singular contrast in the 
nature of the agencies by which the health of the 
inhabitants is impaired. Within the towns, we find the 
houses and streets filthy, the air fetid, disease, typhus, 
and other epidemies rife amongst the population ; 
bringing in their train destitution and the need of pecu- 
niary as well as medical relief ; all; mainly arising from 
the presence of the richest materials'of production, the 
complete absence of which would, in a great measure, 
restore health, avert the recurrence of disease, and, i 
properly applied, would promote abundance, cheapen 
food, and inerease the demand for beneficial labour. 
Outside the afflicted districts, and at a short distance 
from them, as in the adjacent rural districts, we find 
the aspect of the country poor and thinly clad with 
vegetation except rushes and plants, favoured by a 
superabundance of moisture, the crops meagre, the 
labouring agricultural population few, and afflicted with 
rheumatism and other maladies, arising from damp and 
an exeess of water, which, if removed, would relieve 
them from a cause of disease, and the land from an im- 
pediment to production ; and, if conveyed for the use 
of the town population, would give that population the 
element of which they stand in peculiar need, as a 
means to relieve them from that which is their own 
cause of depression, and return it for use to the land as 
a means of the highest fertility.-—Poor Law Commis- 
sioners. The most effectual, as well as the most 
economical method of restoring the balance between the 
town and country, would be to avail ourselves of that 
enormous ‘accumulation of animal exuviee which the 
existence of a crowded city necessarily occasions ; and 
to convert that which is now a pabulum of disease into 
a source of life and abundance. As indeed the geolo- 
gists of the present day cite, as a proof of the ignorance 
or neglect of their predecessors, that the stone required 
for the fortifications at Gibraltar was brought out from 
England, when it might have been obtained upon the 
very spot; so I conceive our descendants will marvel 
at the inattention to chemical science evinced by the 
present generation of farmers, in importing from distant 
regions, such as South America, substitutes, and those 
perhaps but imperfect ones, for that fertilizing material, 
of which the greater part is allowed to deposit itself 
unprofitably in the beds of our rivers,—Daubeny. 
Thousands of hundred-weights of those phosphates flow 
annually into the séa, with the Thames and with other 
of the, British rivers.— Liebig. It is to the use of this 
substance (town refuse) drawn from reservoirs in the 
towns, that Belgium, in a great degree, owes her ferti- 
lity ; while in many large cities of Germany, it is 
allowed to drain into the rivers. Since 1200 pounds? 
weight of it yearly may be reckoned for each unit of 
population, it is easy to see, where population is counted 
by millions, how important its application must be.— 
Sprengel. 
Instance of Grass-land broken up—This farmer, in 
1844, broke up a piece of land, a sandy loam of tolerable 
depth, with a stratum of gravel under, on a subsoil of 
Oxford clay. This land in pasture produced a very 
scanty herbage, and was grazed with young stock, and 
scarcely worth 20s. per acre. He pared and burned, 
and ploughed. and sowed Turnips, and. bush-harrowed 
them in, the turf being of a looser texture than is often 
met with, but this operation did little more than cover 
the seed. He had a very fine crop, which was eaten 
off with sheep, and in autumn the land was sown with 
Wheat, of which he had an excellent erop. His next 
crops will be Swedes, Barley, seeds, and then Wheat 
again, The method of putting in the Turnips is not to 
be recommended as safe. Certainly not on all soils. 
About 20 years ago I practised it myself on tender 
sward with success, but on very tough turf full of the 
fibrous roots of vegetable substances, &c., it’ failed.— 
Mr. Bravender, in Eng. Ag. Soc. Jour. 
Analyses of Sewer Water.—These salts, as they are 
derived in great measure from the excretions which 
have passed into the sewer, are prineipally composed of 
the ashes of our bodies, resulting from the food we 
have digested ; and as we have received these salts 
either directly from plants, or indirectly through ani- 
mals from plants, it. is evident they must be the food of 
plants, and plants receive these substances from the 
soil, which they must gradually exhaust. Now, amongst 
these substances, we find three which are especially 
valuable to plants ; of these three, the most important 
is ammonia, ; ammoniacal salts exist. in these waters to 
a considerable extent :—and in addition to these, we 
have alkaline salts, potash, and common salt ; potash is 
not so abundant as common salt :—and in the third 
place, earthy phosphates, containing the whole phos- 
phorie acid. I mention these three compounds in par- 
ticular, because they are substances that. are found. in 
the soil in but small quantities, and. yet. are absolutely 
essential to. the maintenance of vegetahle life, e 
quantity of potass which passes out of this sewer per 
day (estimating the average discharge of the sewer at 
phosp with lime and magnesia, 
emptied from this sewer every day in waste. Of am- 
monia there is‘more than that, nearly double that quan- 
tity, nearly 2 tons of ammonia, The two analyses differ 
in some respects ; the ammonia varies. In one case I 
find about a ton, and in the other about 2 tons per diem. 
In the case where the water was stopped by flood-gates, 
which L consider the fairest average of the two, I fin 
as much as 2 tons turhed out into the Thames per day ; 
the quantity will vary according to the season. —Evi- 
dence of Professor Miller, of King’s College. 
now; to drain land too as well as to attend to the irrigation 
of water meadows, and to attend to stock at all times, All 
this is the work of this season of the year, 
We have made arrangements for nting to our readers 
every week during the ensuing year in this section of the 
Paper, no longer occasional remarks from one pen only, but 
actual records of the proceedings on 8 or 10 farms, under 
Spade Husbandry and Horse Husbandry, Stock Farms, 
azing Farms, Dai A ru an reen Crop Farms, 
Hop Farms, &c. &o., in all the different principal agricultural 
districts in England and Scotland. This, at the same time 
that it will give information of greater variety than any one 
writer could communicate, will be more useful to our readers, 
scattered as they are over the three kingdoms, than were the 
paragraphs, as heretofore, to representthe experience of but 
rict, 
one dis 
2 
El 
Wotices to Correspondents. 
AGRICULTURAL Epucation—A Barmester—Your works appear 
well selected ;-you may easily acquire membership in the 
English Agricultural Society by application to the Secretary. 
Three months’ practice will not give the ‘skill,’ thougl 
books may give the ‘intelligence,’ which a farmer requires ; 
and you wil not be safe in venturing your capital upon that 
amount of experience. 
Booxs—Guernsey—The Notes, &o., were printed for private 
circulation. was properly described in our notice of if. 
e have lost the address of the au 
Deer Park—A Constant Reader—-Your best plan will be'after 
thoroughdraitiage to manure well, say with 5 ewt.: of guano 
per acre, and then fold sheep over it. If in addition to this 
you take pains to root out all weeds, the Grass will be good 
enough next year. 
DicoiNG Fork—A Rector—We do not know “the pulveriser” 
by Mr. Smith of Droitwich, and would be glad of a deserip- 
tion from Mr. Smith. 
DiNGLE's SEED DisBLE— WS W asks for the experience of some 
practical farmer on the use of this machine, 
GonsE— T Miner— To grow Furze with success, land 
the 
n as 
planted, and 18 inches from plant to plant. J. C. 
Tron H B h form, 3 feet 6 inches high, 
will suffice. The lowest 2 or 3 bars should be half distance 
apart, if they are to confine lambs. 
1ME— West Suffolk—YX ou may most conveniently apply it on a 
corn stubble in the autumn, ploughing it under before winter 
with a somewhat shallow furrow ; or early in spring, placing 
itin heaps, hot from the kiln, and covering them over with 
the earth, and spreading them about in a week’s time. Apply 
about 100 bushi eas, Potatoes, Sainfoin, and 
and salt, and superphosphate, and so on, a third. 
—Sulphate of manganese 
useless, or if it be in the form of a proto-sulphate (a salt not 
thoroughly oxidised), probably injurious. If the latter, it 
may be cured by long exposure to the ai 
STALL-FEEDING—Manx-man—Y our Clover will probably be read; 
the second or third week in ay and if your Swedes anı 
be, a good crop, they will 
and Lucerne (fit in 
ay, June, July, &c.). en may come Early Horn Carrots, 
sown in March (fit in August); early Turnips, sown in April 
(fit in August and September); and then come Turnips, 
Swedes, Carrots, and Mangold Wurzel all the rest of the 
Svunpries—O P—To stop moles from working, you must catch 
them. neces, we must direct you for the present to 
a series of articles in the last number of our vol, for 1845, 
nM-——Poul 
close of Stephens’ Book of the Farm. About rabbits wehave 
a paper in type, which shall soon be published, 
TnoTTLES—An0n— word is probably a corruption of 
«© Truflle," about which: you will find particulars at pages 
271, 287, 313, 1845. ` 
EnnATUM—JFor “then,” at the 13th line from the bottom of 
col. a, p. 841, read “ thus.” 
*,* Communications reaching town after Wednesday cannot 
be answered the same week. 
AElarkets, 
market was very small; 
small and inferior samples, but the best sam] 
away atlast week's quotations, The following are our present 
rices, 
VakiBenestsbeoiSo'ren, Cambridgeshire Kidneys; 1008/0 120 
Di iasex- Regents, 1508 to 180 
‘gents, 1208 to 1408 Do. Shaws, — to — 
Cambridjeshi;e Regents; 1208 to 1408 | Do. Kidneys, 1408 ; 
Do, Shaws, 120s to 1408 French Whites, 110s to 1408 
HARD HARRIS; 
