4 INSECTA. 
projection in the form of a ligula. The mentum is emarginated. 
The sternum exhibits no particular prominence, and the hooks of the 
tarsi are always simple. The anterior tarsi are frequently wanting 
in several, either ab ovo or because they are deciduous. 
The length of the alimentary canal is always very great; occa- 
sionally (as in Copris lunaris) ten or twelve times that of the body. 
The chylific ventricle occupies the largest portion of it, is studded 
with conoid papille, is closely folded together and kept in this state 
of agglomeration by numerous tracheal bridles. The intestine is 
filiform, and terminates by an inflation. The testes of the Copro- 
phagi, dissected by M. Dufour, appeared to him to consist of six or- 
bicular, slightly depressed spermatic capsules, usually united by tra- 
cheze in one bundle, each placed on a tubular and tolerably long 
pedicle, which terminates in a short vas deferens. There is but one 
pair of vesiculze seminales; they are very long, filiform, and in nu- 
merous folds. 
This first section corresponds to the third division of the genus 
Scarabeeus, Oliv., or to that of Copris, but with the addition of some 
of the Scarabzeides—Aphodius—of that naturalist. 
In some, the two intermediate legs are more remote at base than 
the others; the labial palpi are very hairy, with the last joint much 
smaller than the others, or even indistinct; the scutellum null or ex- 
tremely small, and the anus exposed. 
Coprophagi of this division peculiar to the eastern continent, with 
a rounded body, usually depressed above or but slightly convex, simi- 
lar or but little different, and without horns in both sexes; in which 
the antenne of nine joints terminate in a foliaceous club; without 
scutellum, or sutural hiatus indicating its place; in which the four 
posterior tibiz, usually furnished with ciliated or hairy fringes, are 
slender, elongated, not dilated at the extremity, or but slightly so, 
truncated obliquely, and terminated by a single stout and spiniform 
or acuminated spur; and finally, in which the epistoma is more or 
less lobate or dentated, form the genus 
Arevucnuus, Web. Fab., 
Since, however, restricted to those species in which the exterior 
margin of the elytra is straight, or unemarginated and without a 
sinus near their base exposing the corresponding portion of the 
superior margin of the abdomen. The tibiz and tarsi of the four 
Jast legs are furnished with long hairs; the four first joints of the 
tarsi are generally longer than in the others. The first joint of the 
labial palpi is nearly cylindrical, or in the form of a reversed cone. 
The epistoma is most commonly divided into three lobes or festoons, 
and its contour presents six teeth. 
These Insects which M. Mac Leay, Jun., in his ingenious Hore 
Entomologice, 1, p. 184, designates by the generic appellation of 
Scarabeus, as being the name originally bestowed upon them by the 
Lotins*, and of which in the same work—part II, p. 497—he gives 
zn excellent Monograph, conceal their ova in balls of dung, and even 
* The Heliocantharos of the Greeks, 
