ORTHOPTERA. 147 
mity of which are inserted numerous—thirty according to M. Du- 
four—hepatic vessels with a beak-like termination, a circumstance 
which removes these Insects from the Coleoptera, and approximates 
them to the other Orthoptera and to the Hymenoptera; and finally, 
of a small intestine, a cecum, and arectum. The rectum, like that 
of several Hymenoptera, presents well circumscribed, muscular emi- 
nences, on which, by the aid of the microscope, we can discern 
highly ramified expansions of the tracheze. According to M. Dufour, 
the apparatus of the genital organs differs essentially in various 
points from that of the Coleoptera and Orthoptera. Thus, for in- 
stance, the vesiculz seminales, instead of being arranged symmetri- 
cally in pairs, consist of a single reservoir. Each testis is composed 
of two elongated, and more or less contiguous seminal capsules. 
The form of the ovaries, considered in mass, varies greatly, accord- 
ing to the species. Sometimes they resemble two clusters of grapes, 
and sometimes two bundles. In those females which have never been 
fecundated, the ovigerous sheaths have successive strangulations, 
which give them the form of the beads of a rosary. We can pursue 
no further the observations of this savant, either in relation to the 
organs of respiration, which consist in tubular trachez, or to the ap- 
paratus of sensation, or to the splanchnic adipose pulp. It has been 
said, that the second joint of the tarsi was bilobate: he observes, that 
it is simply dilated beneath, near the extremity, in the form of a re- 
versed heart, and without emargination. He marks the two species 
submitted to his scalpel by detailed and rigorous characters * 
These Insects are very common in cool and damp places, frequently 
collect in troops under stones and the bark of trees, are very injuri- 
ous to our cultivated fruits, devour even their dead congeners, and 
defend themselves with their pincers, which frequently vary in form, 
according to the sex. It has been thought that they insinuate them- 
selves into the ear, and to this they owe their name. 
F. auricularia, L.; De Geer, Mem. Insect., TI, xxv, 16, 25. 
Length, halfan inch; brown; head red; margin of the thorax 
greyish; legs an ochraceous yellow; fourteen joints in the an- 
tenne. 
The two sexes in coitu are united end to end. The female 
keeps careful watch over her eggs, and for some time over her 
young ones. 
F. minor, L.; De Geer, Ib., pl. xxv, 26, 27. Two-thirds 
smaller than the auricularia; brown; head and thorax black; 
legs yellow ; eleven joints in the antenne. Found more parti- 
cularly about dung-hills f. 
* For other details, see his Memoir in the Ann. des Se. Nat. XIII, 337. Ac- 
cording to the same naturalist, these Insects should form a particular order, which he 
calls that of the Lubidoures. MM. Kirby had previously established it under the de- 
nomination of Dermaptera. Doctor Leach divides the remaining Orthoptera into 
two other orders. Those in which the wings are plaited and longitudinal, and where 
the suiure of the elytra is straight, form that of the Orthoptera proper. Those in 
which the elytra cross each other, the wings still remaining as usual, constitute that 
of the Dictuoptera. : 
+ Add F, bipunctata, Fab.; Panz., Faun. Insect. Germ., LXXXVIII, 10 ;—F, 
