252 INSECTA, 
general characters of this tribe, in the superior wings, which are 
extended, and in the number of their cubital cells, of which there 
are but two. In addition to this, the labial palpi are longer than 
those of the maxille. 
But four species are yet known, two of which are from the 
Cape of Good Hope, and the remainder from the south of 
Europe ; one of these latter—the /usitanicus—appears to us to 
be allied by its natural affinities te Masaris*. 
In all the following subgenera the superior wings are folded, and 
present three complete cubital cells. ; 
Sometimes the mandibles are much longer than broad, and approxi- 
mated anteriorly in the form of a rostrum. The ligula is narrow 
and elongated; the clypeus is almost cordiform or oval, with the 
point anterior and more or less truncated. 
They are all solitary, and each species consists of males and 
females. The females provide for their young before they are hatched, 
and for the whole time that they are to remain in the state of larvee. 
The nests of the latter are usually formed of earth and sometimes 
hidden in holes of walls, in the ground, or old wood, and sometimes 
exposed on plants. Each of them contains caterpillars or other 
larvee, killed by the sting of the mother, who heaps them up in a 
circle for the use of her descendants. 
Synageris, Lat. Fab., 
Where the ligula is divided into four long and plumose threads, 
without glanular points at their extremity. The mandibles of some 
males are very large, and resemble horns. 
But few species are known, and all peculiar to Africa.t 
Eumenss, Lat. Fab., 
Where the ligula is divided into three pieces, glandular at the 
extremity, the intermediate one the largest, widened at the end, 
cordiform, and emarginated or bifid. 
In some the abdomen is ovoid or conical, and thickest at base. 
Such are 
PrerocuiLe, Alig, 
Remarkable for very long lips, and maxille forming a sort of 
proboscis bent underneath, and also distinguished by the labial palpi, 
which are bristled with long hairs, and consist of but three distinct 
joints. t 
Opynerus, Lat., 
To which we may re-unite the Rygchie of M. Spinola, where these 
parts of the mouth are much shorter, and where the labial palpi are 
almost glabrous, with four apparent divisions. 
The female of a species of this division—Vespa muraria, L.; 
Reaum., Mem. VI, xxvi, 1—10, makes a hole in the sand or 
* Lat., Consid. Gener. sur l’Ordre des Crust., des Arach., et des Insect., 329; 
Klig, Entom. Monog. 219, et seq. 
+ Synagris cornuta, Lat., Gener. Crust. et Insect., IV, p. 135; Fab., Syst. 
Piezat.; Drury, Insect., II, xlviii, 3, the male ;—Vespa valida, L. ;—V. hemorr- 
nhoidalis, Fab. 
t Panz., Hymen., p. 146; Vesp. phalerata, Faun. Insect. Germ, XLVII, 21. 
