LEPIDOPTERA. 281 
V.morio; Papilio Antiopa, L.; Godart, Hist. Nat. des Lépid 
de France, I, 5,1. Wings angular, of a deep purple-black, with 
a yellowish or whitish band on the posterior margin, and a suite 
of blue spots above. 
Its caterpillar is blackish, spinous, and has a range of red, 
square, divided spots along the back. It feeds on the leaves of 
the Birch, Poplar and willow, where it lives in society. It ap- 
pears at two periods. 
V.Io; papilio Io, L.; Godart, Ibid., 1, 5,2. Wings angular 
and dentated, reddish-fulvous above, with a large ocellated spot 
on each; that of the superior wings reddish in the centre and sur- 
rounded with a yellowish circle; the one on the inferior black- 
ish, surrounded by a grey circle, and enclosing bluish spots; 
under surface of the wings blackish. 
Its caterpillar is black, dotted with white, and covered with 
hairy spines. On the Nettle. 
V. cardui, Papitio cardui, L.; Godart, Ibid., I, 5, sect 2. 
Wings dentated ; above red, and varied with black and white; 
beneath marbled with grey, yellow, and brown; five ocellated 
and bluish spots on their margin. : 
The caterpillar lives solitary on the Thistle. It is sometimes 
brownish with yellow stripes, and sometimes russet with trans- 
verse yellow bands. It is spinous. The perfect Insect only 
appears towards the close of the summer. 
V. Atalanta; Papilio Atalanta, L.; V. Vulcain, Godart, Ibid. 
I, 6,1. Wings dentated, somewhat angular; above black, tra- 
versed by a beautiful red band, and with white spots on the su- 
perior ones; marbled with various colours beneath. 
The caterpillar is black, spinous, and has a suite of lemon- 
coloured lines on each sitle. It lives on the Nettle, prefers the 
seeds, and remains hidden on the top of the plant among the 
leaves, which it rolls up and secures with silk. 
The same division includes various other species, very com- 
mon in France, such as the V. polychloros (Papilio polychlo- 
ros, L.), the V. urtice, (P. urtice, L.), the V.c. albwm (P. ce. al- 
bum, L.). The Chrysalis of the latter bears a rude resemblance 
to a human face or the mask of a Satyr *. 
In the four following subgenera the antenne terminate in an elon- 
gated club, or are almost filiform. 
The caterpillars are naked, or present but few spines. 
LisytHea, Fab., 
Where the males only have the two anterior legs very short and 
resembling a sort of tippet. The inferior palpi project considerably, 
in the manner of a rostrum. The superior wings are very angular f. 
Bisuis.—Metanitis, Fab., 
Where those palpi are also longer than the head, but more obtuse 
* For the other species, see Godart, Ibid., and the Encyc. Méthod., article Pa- 
pillon, genus Vanesse. 
t See the works already quoted. 
VOL, IY. is 
