LEPIDOPTERA. 293 
The caterpillar devours the root of the Hop, and is extremely 
noxious in those districts where that plant is extensively cul- 
tivated *, 
Cossus, Fab., 
Where the antenne, at least as long as the thorax, present on their 
inner side a range of small, lamellated teeth, short and rounded at the 
end. 
The caterpillars live in the interior of trees, on which they feed ; 
the cut fragments enter into the composition of their cocoon. The 
chrysalis, at the moment the Insect is about to be developed, advances 
to the mouth of the aperture through which it is to issue. 
C. ligniperda, Fab., Rees., Insect. I, class II, Pap. Noct. 
XVIII. Rather more than an inch in length; cinereous-grey, 
with numerous small black lines on the upper wings, forming 
little veins, mixed with white; posterior extremity of the thorax 
yellowish with a black line. 
The caterpillar, which is found in the spring, resembles a 
thick worm; itis reddish, with transverse bands of blood-red. 
It lives in the heart of the Willow and Oak, but particularly in 
the Elm. © It disgorges an acrid and fetid humour, contained in 
spacious internal reservoirs, which it uses apparently to soften 
the wood +. 
Sryera, Drap.—Bomeyx, Hib., 
Where the antennz are furnished throughout their whole length 
with a double series of short narrow teeth, dilated and rounded at the 
end f. 
2 ae the antenne vary greatly—according to the sex; those 
of the males are furnished inferiorly with a double range of hairs, 
and terminated by a thread: those of the females are entirely simple, 
but cottony at base. 
ZevzERA, Lat.—Cossvus, Fab. 
The caterpillar of a beautiful species—Cossus esculi, Fab.— 
with a white body, blue rings on the abdomen, and numerous 
points of the same colour on the superior wings, lives in the 
Apple and Pear trees, &c., and frequently in their very heart §. 
Our second section, that of the BomBycires, is distinguished from 
the preceding one and the third by the following characters: the pro- 
boscis always very short, and merely rudimental; wings either ex- 
tended and horizontal or tectiform, but the lower ones extending 
laterally beyond the others; antennz of the males entirely pectinated. 
* For the other species see Fabricius, Esper, Engramelle, Hiibner, Godart, 
Donovan, &c. 
+ Add Cossus teretra, Fab. ;—Phalena strix, Cramer; Cossus lituratus, Donovon ; 
—C. nebulosus, Donov. 
+ Stygia australis, Lat., Gener. ‘Crust. et Insect., IV, 215; Godart, Hist. Nat. 
des Lépid de France, III, 169, xxii, 19. See also the Memoir of Villiers, already 
mentioned, in the Ann. de la Soc. Lin de Par., V. North America produces another 
species. The antenne differ from those of a Cossus, so that this subgenus may be 
retained ; the abdomen terminates in a little brush. 
§ Rees., Insect., III, xlviii. 5, 6 ;—Cossus pyrinus, Fab.; C. scalaris, Ejusd. ; 
Phalena scalaris, Donoy,;—-P, mineus, Ejusd. 
